Answer:
Explanation:
D. The transfer of thermal energy to the ice cube causes its molecules to move faster.
Answer:
its A heat causes the molecules in the cube to expand and forces them apart.
Explanation:
Can invasive species affect humans?
Answer:
To a certain extent absolutly. They can impact human health for the worse and more.
Answer:
Invasive species are those specie that is not specific to a certain location, and it spread to a degree and is harmful for human economy.
Explanation:
For e.g. Green Crab
Invasive species can affect human in a way that they threaten biodiversity and alter the ecosystem. It greatly involve in loss of human economy, its function. It also affect human health as well. It is also harmful for our natural resources.
Malaria is caused also by invasive species.
Sea water, a solution composed of a variety of salts dissolved in water. The salt is the . Soda water, a solution composed of carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water. The water is the Air, a solution composed of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. The nitrogen is the .
Answer:
In sea water;
The salt is the solute while the water is the solvent
In soda water;
The water is the solvent, the carbon dioxide is the solute
In air;
The nitrogen is the solvent while the oxygen and the other substances in small amounts are the solutes
Explanation:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances which includes a solvent and a solute. A solute in a solution is dissolved in the solvent of the solution.
Therefore, the solvent is the major part of a solution as it takes in the solvent to form the solution.
In sea water, a solution with a high concentration of salts
The salt is the solute while the water is the solvent
In soda water, which is a mixture of CO₂ in water,
Here we have in the soda solution, the water is the solvent while the carbon dioxide is the solute
The water is the solvent, the carbon dioxide is the solute
Air a solution made up by a mixture of Nitrogen 78%, oxygen 21%, and small amount of water carbon dioxide and argon
The nitrogen is the solvent while the oxygen and the other substances in small amounts are the solutes.
Answer:
1)solute 2) sovolent 3) sovolent
Explanation:
edgyyy
When limestone rock, which is principally calcium carbonate, is heated, a reaction occurs. If 11.7 g of carbon dioxide were produced in the lab from the decomposition of 30.7g of calcium carbonate, what is the percent yield for the reaction?
Answer: 86.7 %
Explanation:
To calculate the moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text {Molar mass}}[/tex]
a) moles of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex]
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{30.7g}{100g/mol}=0.307moles[/tex]
[tex]CaCO_3\rightarrow CaO+CO_2[/tex]
According to stoichiometry :
1 moles of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] give = 1 mole of [tex]CO_2[/tex]
Thus 0.307 moles [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] give =[tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 0.307=0.307moles[/tex] of [tex]CO_2[/tex]
Mass of [tex]CO_2=moles\times {\text {Molar mass}}=0.307moles\times 44g/mol=13.5g[/tex]
[tex]\%\text{ yield }=\frac{\text{Actual yield}}{\text{Theoretical yield }}\times 100=\frac{11.7g}{13.5g}\times 100=86.7\%[/tex]
Therefore, the percent yield for the reaction is, 86.7%
The percent yield for the decomposition of calcium carbonate producing 11.7 g of carbon dioxide, from an initial 30.7 g of calcium carbonate, is calculated to be 86.5% through a step-by-step process involving molar mass and stoichiometry.
Explanation:The question involves determining the percent yield for the reaction of heating limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce carbon dioxide.
Step-by-Step SolutionFirst, identify the chemical equation for the reaction: CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g).To find the theoretical yield of CO2, use the molar mass of CaCO3 and CO2. The molar mass of CaCO3 is 100.09 g/mol and CO2 is 44.01 g/mol.Calculate moles of CaCO3 used: 30.7 g / 100.09 g/mol = 0.307 moles of CaCO3. Since the reaction produces one mole of CO2 for every mole of CaCO3, the theoretical yield of CO2 is 0.307 moles.Transform moles of CO2 to grams: 0.307 moles x 44.01 g/mol = 13.52 grams theoretically produced.Calculate percent yield using the formula: (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100. Therefore, (11.7 g / 13.52 g) x 100 = 86.5% percent yield.This calculation demonstrates that the reaction had an 86.5% efficiency in producing carbon dioxide from calcium carbonate.
The activation energy for this reaction is 75 kJ⋅mol−1. The enzyme catalase, found in blood, lowers the activation energy to 8.0 kJ⋅mol−1. At what temperature would the non‑catalyzed reaction need to be run to have a rate equal to that of the enzyme‑catalyzed reaction at 25 ∘C?
lanation:
It has to be 30 degrees
At constant temperature a bicycle tire pump contains 252mL of air at 995kPa pressure. The plunger of the pump is pushed down until the volume is 95.0mL. What is the new pressure of the air inside the pump?
Answer:
The new pressure of the pump is 26.05 atm or 2639.4 kPa
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Volume of the bicycle tire pump = 252 mL = 0.252 L
Pressure of air = 995 kPa = 9.81989 atm
The volume of the pump is reduced to 95.0 mL = 0.095 L
Step 2: Calculate the new pressure
V1*P1 = V2*P2
⇒with V1 = the initial volume of the bicycle tire pump = 0.252 L
⇒with P1 = the initial pressure of the pump = 9.81989 atm = 995 kPa
⇒with V2 = the reduced volume of the pump = 0.095 L
⇒with P2 = the new pressure = TO BE DETERMINED
0.252 L * 9.81989 atm = 0.095 L * P2
P2 = 26.05 atm
The new pressure is 26.05 atm
OR
0.252 L * 995 = 0.095 L * P2
P2 = 2639.4 kPa
The new pressure of the pump is 26.05 atm or 2639.4 kPa
Answer:
[tex]p_2=2639.4kPa[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we notice a relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas, accounting for the Boyle's law which has the following form:
[tex]p_1V_1=p_2V_2[/tex]
In this case, we asked to find the pressure after the pump is pushed down, it means [tex]p_2[/tex] as shown below:
[tex]p_2=\frac{p_1V_1}{V_2} =\frac{252mL*995kPa}{95.0mL}\\ \\p_2=2639.4kPa[/tex]
Such pressure increase accounts for a compression process at which the volume is decreased at the same time.
Best regards.
what happens in the distillation flask and condenser during distillation.
Answer: The distillation flask being heated in a heating mantle. The vapors condense and drip from the condenser into the flask. As the distillate begins to drop from the condenser, the temperature observed on the thermometer should be changing steadily.
Explanation:
answer above
A sample of air contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.94% oxygen, 0.0500% carbon dioxide, and 0.930% argon by volume. How many molecules of each gas are present in 6.51 L of the sample at 43°C and 1.59 atm? Enter your answers in scientific notation.
Answer : The number of molecules of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon is, [tex]1.88\times 10^{23}[/tex], [tex]5.03\times 10^{23}[/tex], [tex]1.19\times 10^{20}[/tex] and [tex]2.23\times 10^{21}[/tex] respectively.
Explanation :
First we have to calculate the total moles of mixture of gas by using ideal gas equation.
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
where,
P = Pressure of mixture of gas = 1.59 atm
V = Volume of mixture of gas = 6.51 L
n = number of moles mixture of gas = ?
R = Gas constant = [tex]0.0821L.atm/mol.K[/tex]
T = Temperature of mixture of gas = [tex]43^oC=273+43=316K[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]1.59atm\times 6.51L=n\times (0.0821L.atm/mol.K)\times 316K[/tex]
[tex]n=0.399mol[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the moles of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon.
Moles of nitrogen = [tex]78.08\% \times 0.399=\frac{78.08}{100}\times 0.399=0.312mol[/tex]
Moles of oxygen = [tex]20.94\% \times 0.399=\frac{20.94}{100}\times 0.399=0.0836mol[/tex]
Moles of carbon dioxide = [tex]0.0500\% \times 0.399=\frac{0.0500}{100}\times 0.399=0.000199mol[/tex]
Moles of argon = [tex]0.930\% \times 0.399=\frac{0.930}{100}\times 0.399=0.00371mol[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the number of molecules of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon.
As, 1 mole of nitrogen contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules of nitrogen.
So, 0.312 mole of nitrogen contains [tex]0.312\times 6.022\times 10^{23}=1.88\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules of nitrogen.
and,
As, 1 mole of oxygen contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules of oxygen.
So, 0.0836 mole of oxygen contains [tex]0.0836\times 6.022\times 10^{23}=5.03\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules of oxygen.
and,
As, 1 mole of carbon dioxide contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules of carbon dioxide.
So, 0.000199 mole of carbon dioxide contains [tex]0.000199\times 6.022\times 10^{23}=1.19\times 10^{20}[/tex] number of molecules of carbon dioxide.
and,
As, 1 mole of argon contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules of argon.
So, 0.00371 mole of argon contains [tex]0.00371\times 6.022\times 10^{23}=2.23\times 10^{21}[/tex] number of molecules of argon.
Therefore, the number of molecules of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon is, [tex]1.88\times 10^{23}[/tex], [tex]5.03\times 10^{23}[/tex], [tex]1.19\times 10^{20}[/tex] and [tex]2.23\times 10^{21}[/tex] respectively.
To calculate the number of molecules of each gas in the sample, use the ideal gas law equation and the percent composition given. Then, calculate the number of molecules using Avogadro's number.
Explanation:To calculate the number of molecules of each gas in the sample, we need to use the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
To calculate the number of moles for each gas, we can use the percent composition given in the question and assume the sample contains 100 moles of total gas. From there, we can calculate the number of molecules using Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mole.
The number of molecules of nitrogen (N₂) in the sample is (78.08/100) x 100 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mole, and similarly, the number of molecules of oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and argon (Ar) can be calculated.
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A weather balloon is filled with helium that occupies a volume of 500 L at 0.995 atm and 32.0 ℃. After it is released, it rises to a location where the pressure is 0.720 atm and the temperature is -12 ℃. What is the volume of the balloon at the new location?
Answer : The volume of the balloon at the new location is, 591.3 L
Explanation :
Combined gas law is the combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Gay-Lussac's law.
The combined gas equation is,
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]P_1[/tex] = initial pressure of gas = 0.995 atm
[tex]P_2[/tex] = final pressure of gas = 0.720 atm
[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of gas = 500 L
[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of gas = ?
[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature of gas = [tex]32.0^oC=273+32=305K[/tex]
[tex]T_2[/tex] = final temperature of gas = [tex]-12^oC=273+(-12)=261K[/tex]
Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:
[tex]\frac{0.995atm\times 500L}{305K}=\frac{0.720atm\times V_2}{261K}[/tex]
[tex]V_2=591.3L[/tex]
Therefore, the volume of the balloon at the new location is, 591.3 L
The reaction below shows how silver chloride can be synthesized. AgNO3 + NaCl Right arrow. NaNO3 + AgCl How many moles of silver chloride are produced from 15.0 mol of silver nitrate? 1.0 mol 15.0 mol 30.0 mol 45.0 mol
Answer:
15.0 moles of silver chloride are produced from 15.0 mol of silver nitrate.
The number of mole of silver chloride, AgCl produced from the reaction is 15 moles.
AgNO₃ + NaCl —> NaNO₃ + AgCl
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of AgNO₃ reacted to produce 1 mole of AgCl.
With the above information, we can obtain the number of mole of AgCl produced by the reaction of 15 moles of AgNO₃. This can be obtained as follow:
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of AgNO₃ reacted to produce 1 mole of AgCl.
Therefore,
15 moles of AgNO₃ will also react to produce 15 moles of AgCl.
Thus, 15 moles of AgCl were obtained from the reaction.
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Please Help! Let P and V represent the pressure and volume of Xe(g). If a piston is used to reduce the volume of the gas to V/2 at a constant temperature, what is the new pressure in the container in terms of the original pressure, P?
What happens to the average speed of the Xe (g) atoms as the original volume is reduced to V/2 at a constant temperature? Explain.
1) 2P
2) Average speed does not change
Explanation:
1)
To solve the first part of the problem, we can use Boyle's Law, which states that:
"For a fixed mass of an ideal gas kept at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume"
Mathematically:
[tex]pV=const.[/tex]
where
p is the pressure of the gas
V is its volume
For the Xe gas in this problem we can write
[tex]p_1 V_1 = p_2 V_2[/tex]
where:
[tex]p_1 = P[/tex] is the initial pressure
[tex]V_1=V[/tex] is the initial volume
[tex]V_2=\frac{V}{2}[/tex] is the final volume
Solving for p2, we find the final pressure:
[tex]p_2=\frac{P V_1}{V_2}=\frac{pV}{V/2}=2P[/tex]
So, the pressure has doubled.
2)
The average speed of the atoms/molecules in the gas is given by the formula
[tex]v_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}[/tex]
where
R is the gas constant
T is the absolute temperature (in Kelvin) of the gas
M is the molar mass of the gas
[tex]v_{rms}[/tex] is known as rms speed of the particles in the gas
From the formula, we see that the speed of the atoms in the gas depends only on the temperature of the gas.
In the Xe(g) gas in this problem, the temperature is kept constant; therefore, since nothing changes in the formula, this means that the average speed also does not change.
The pressure of the gas is doubled and the average speed of the gas molecules does not change.
According to Boyle's law, the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure at constant temperature. Now;
Initial pressure of the gas (P1) = P
Initial volume of the gas(V1) = V
Final volume of the gas (V2) = V/2
Final pressure of the gas (P2) = ?
Using the relation of Boyle's law;
P1V1 = P2V2
P2 = P1V1/V2
P2 = P × V/V/2
P2 = 2P
The pressure is doubled
Regarding the average speed of gas molecules, the average speed of a gas molecules depends on the temperature from the relation;
[tex]vrms = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M} }[/tex]
If the temperature is held constant, the average speed of gas molecules is does not change.
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What is the volume, in liters, occupied by 1.73 moles of N2 gas at 0.992 atm pressure and a temperature of 75º C? (R value- 0.08206)
48.70 is the volume, in liters, occupied by 1.73 moles of Nitrogen gas at 0.992 atm pressure and a temperature of 75º C.
Explanation:
Data given:
number of moles of nitrogen gas = 1.73 moles
pressure of the gas = 0.992 atm
temperature of the gas = 75 degrees or 273.25 + 75 = 348.15 K
R (gas constant) = 0.08206 L atm/molesK
volume of the nitrogen gas under these conditions =?
The formula used is of ideal Gas Law:
PV = nRT
Rearranging the equation to get,
V = [tex]\frac{nRT}{P}[/tex]
putting the values in the equation:
V = [tex]\frac{1.73 X 0.08026 X 348.15}{0.992}[/tex]
= 48.70 Litres
the volume of the gas is 48.70 litres from the standard values used in the equation.
The volume, in liters, occupied by 1.73 moles of N₂ gas at 0.992 atm pressure and a temperature of 75º C is: [tex]45.81 \text{ L}.[/tex]
The volume occupied by the N₂ gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law, which is given by the equation:
[tex]\[ PV = nRT \][/tex]
where:
- [tex]\( P \)[/tex] is the pressure of the gas,
- [tex]\( V \)[/tex] is the volume of the gas,
- [tex]\( n \)[/tex] is the number of moles of the gas,
- [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is the ideal gas constant, and
- [tex]\( T \)[/tex] is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin.
Given:
- [tex]\( n = 1.73 \)[/tex] moles,
- [tex]\( P = 0.992 \)[/tex] atm,
- [tex]\( T = 75^\circ C \)[/tex], which needs to be converted to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature,
- [tex]\( R = 0.08206 \) L\atm/(mol\K).[/tex]
First, convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:
[tex]\[ T(K) = T(^\circ C) + 273.15 = 75 + 273.15 = 348.15 \text{ K} \][/tex]
Now, rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for the volume [tex]\( V \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ V = \frac{nRT}{P} \][/tex]
Substitute the given values into the equation:
[tex]\[ V = \frac{(1.73 \text{ mol})(0.08206 \text{ L\·atm/(mol\·K)})(348.15 \text{ K})}{0.992 \text{ atm}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ V = \frac{(1.73)(0.08206)(348.15)}{0.992} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ V = \frac{45.460298}{0.992} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ V \approx 45.81 \text{ L} \][/tex]
Therefore, the volume occupied by 1.73 moles of N2 gas at 0.992 atm pressure and a temperature of 75º C is approximately 45.81 liters.
Find the molar mass Na3PO4
Answer:
The answer to your question is 164 g
Explanation:
Data
molar mass of Na₃PO₄ = ?
Molar mass is also known as molecular weight, it is the result of the sum of the total mass in grams of all the atoms that make up a mole of a particular molecule.
For Sodium phosphate the molar mass if
Na₃PO₄ = (23 x 3) + (31 x 1) + (16 x 4)
= 69 + 31 + 64
= 164 g
The molar mass or molecular weight of any substance is defined as the mass of 1 mole of that substance. Molar mass of [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex] is 164g.
By using the periodic table we can check the molar mass of sodium, phosphorus, and oxygen which are Na=23, P=31, and O=16.
In [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex] there are 3 molecules of Na (sodium), 1 molecule of P(phosphorus), and 4 molecules of O (oxygen).
Mass of 3 molecules of Na (sodium)= 23×3.
Mass of 1 molecule of P(phosphorus) = 31×1.
Mass of 4 molecules of O (oxygen) = 16×4.
So, the total molar mass of [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex] is = 23×3 + 31×1 + 16×4 =164g.
Molar mass of [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex] is 164g.
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Calcium chloride (aq) reacts with sodium carbonate (aq) to from solid calcium carbonate and aqueous sodium chloride. Determine the volume of a 2.00 M Calcium chloride solution would be needed to exactly react with 0.0650 L of 1.50 M Na2CO3. (Use BCA!)
Answer:
0.0488 L
Explanation:
Step 1:
The balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:
CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) —> CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
Step 2:
Determination of the number of mole of Na2CO3 in 0.0650 L of 1.50 M Na2CO3 solution.
Volume of solution = 0.0650 L
Molarity of Na2CO3 = 1.50 M
Mole of solute (Na2CO3) =?
Molarity = mole of solute /Volume of solution
1.50 = mole of solute/0.0650
Cross multiply to express in linear form.
Mole of solute = 1.5 x 0.0650
Mole of solute (Na2CO3) = 0.0975 mole
Step 3:
Determination of the number of CaCl2 that reacted.
CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) —> CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
From the balanced equation,
1 mole of CaCl2 reacted with 1 mole Na2CO3.
Therefore, 0.0975 mole of CaCl2 will also react with 0.0975 mole of Na2CO3.
Step 4:
Determination of the volume of CaCl2 that reacted.
Mole of solute (CaCl2) = 0.0975 mole
Molarity of CaCl2 = 2.00 M
Volume of solution =?
Molarity = mole of solute /Volume
2 = 0.0975/volume
Cross multiply to express in linear form
2 x Volume = 0.0975
Divide both side by 2
Volume = 0.0975/2
Volume = 0.0488 L
Therefore, the volume of CaCl2 that is 0.0488 L
Answer:
We need a volume of 48.75 mL of CaCl2 to react
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Molarity of calcium chloride = 2.00 M
Volume of Na2CO3 = 0.0650 L
Molarity of Na2CO3 = 1.50 M
Step 2: The balanced equation
CaCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → CaCO3 + 2NaCl
Step 3: Calcumate moles Na2CO3
Moles Na2CO3 = molarity Na2CO3 * volume
Moles Na2CO3 = 1.50 M * 0.0650 L
Moles Na2CO3 = 0.0975 moles
Step 4: Calculate moles CaCl2 neede to react
For 1 mol CaCl2 we need 1 mol Na2CO3 to produce 1 mol CaCO3 and 2 moles NaCl
For 0.0975 moles Na2CO3 we need 0.0975 moles CaCl2
Step 5: Calculate volume of CaCl2 solution
Volume = moles CaCl2 / molarity CaCl2
Volume = 0.0975 moles / 2.00 M
Volume = 0.04875 L = 48.75 mL
We need a volume of 48.75 mL of CaCl2 to react
Why is the sky orange and red at sunrise and sunset?
Answer:
gas molecules scatter short wavelengths of light (blue and violet) more than long (red and orange) so the sky looks blue. at sunrise and sunset, the light passes through thicker atmosphere and blue light is scattered more, so mostly red and orange light is visible.
Explanation:
hope it helps
Answer:
C-The thick atmosphere scatters all but longer wavelengths.
Explanation:
Light travels through more atmosphere, leaving long wavelengths at sunrise/sunset
Helium has 2 electrons and 2 protons. If the atom gains energy, to what energy level will an electron move?
A)the first energy level
B)the second energy level
C)the third energy level
D)it will remain at the same energy level
Final answer:
When a helium atom gains energy, its electrons can be excited from the 1s subshell to a higher energy level. The most likely energy level for the first electron jump when energy is absorbed, according to many electron transitions, is the second energy level. So the correct option is B.
Explanation:
When a helium atom gains energy, its electrons can move from the first energy level to a higher one. Initially, both electrons in helium fill the 1s subshell, meaning it is in its lowest energy state or ground state. According to the energy levels in an atom, when an electron gains energy it can move to a higher energy level. Therefore, when a helium atom gains enough energy, one of the electrons can be excited to the second energy level (n=2). It cannot remain in the first energy level (option A) and will not stay in the same energy level either (option D). Without additional energy amounts specific to helium, options for the third energy level (option C) or higher are less probable for the first energy jump for helium's electron. Therefore, the most likely answer is B, the second energy level.
The structure of benzene can best be described as a
Answer:
Its chemical structure can be described as a hexagon ring with alternating double bonds
Explanation:
When the equation below is correctly balanced, the coefficient for K2SO4 is?
Answer:
The answer to your question is 3
Explanation:
Chemical reaction
AlBr₃ + K₂SO₄ ⇒ KBr + Al₂(SO₄)₃
Reactants Elements Products
1 Aluminum 2
3 Bromine 1
1 Sulfur 3
2 Potassium 1
4 Oxygen 12
Balanced chemical reaction
2AlBr₃ + 3K₂SO₄ ⇒ 6KBr + Al₂(SO₄)₃
Reactants Elements Products
2 Aluminum 2
6 Bromine 6
3 Sulfur 3
6 Potassium 6
12 Oxygen 12
The coefficient for K₂SO₄ will be 3
In terms of atomic structure, explain why the first-ionization energy K is less than that of Ca.
Answer:
Potassium has less ionization energy because it does not take much energy to remove its single outer electron. Most elements want to have a complete outer shell, so since it has a lone electron in its outer shell, it will easily give up the electron to become more stable.
The atomic structure indicates the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.
In the atomic structure, the protons and the neutrons are positioned at the center of the nucleus while the electrons are located at the outer region of the atom.
The ionization energy is the amount of needed to eliminate a single electron from the outermost shell of an atom or a molecule.
Factors affecting the ionization energy includes:
The size of the +ve nuclear chargeSize of the atomShielding effect of the inner electronsOn the periodic table, Potassium (K) is the 19th element and Calcium is the 20th element.
Postassium is located on Group 1 and period 4 while Calcium is located on the Group 2 and period 4 on the periodic table.
Now, as we move from left - right on the periodic table across the period, the ionization energy increases from left to right as a result of the size of the atom.
Here, the size of the atom of Calcium(Ca) is larger by a single electron compared to the size of Potassium(K).
Also, the positive nuclear charge on Calcium(Ca) is greater than that of Potassium(K) because from left - right on the periodic table, the nuclear charge increases,thereby increasing attraction of the outermost electron, thus more energy is needed to remove an electron.
Thus, since Calcium(Ca) tends to have a larger size of atom and a greater +ve nuclear charge than Potassium(K), then:
The first ionization energy of K will be lesser than that of Ca.
Therefore, from the above explanation, we can conclude that we've understood why the first-ionization energy K is less than that of Ca.
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why is flammability is a chemical property and not a physical property.
Answer:
Flammability is a chemical property
Explanation:
It can only be observed or measured during a chemical change known as combustion
Answer:
flammability is a chemical process
Explanation:
burning of something is causing a chemical reaction. for example a physical property is changing the way it looks, not its chemical structure (ex. ripping up paper)
Most nonmetals form covalent or ionic bonds, depending on the element with which they react. Carbon predominantly forms covalent bonds since it has 4 valence electrons and can form single, double or triple bonds with other elements. What element will form an ionic bond with carbon
Answer: Calcium element will form an ionic bond with carbon.
Explanation:
An ionic bond is defined as the bond formed due to transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Elements which are able to donate their valence electrons are the ones which tend to form an ionic bond. Metals are the species which form ionic bonds when they chemically combine with non-metals.
For example, [tex]CaC_{2}[/tex] is calcium carbide and in this compound calcium forms an ionic bond with carbon atom by donating its valence electrons.
A covalent bond is defined as the bond formed due to sharing of electrons between the two elements.
Thus, we can conclude that calcium element will form an ionic bond with carbon.
Determine the pH of 0.10 M NH3 solution. NH3 is a weak base with a Kb equal to 1.8x10-5 (round to the nearest whole number)
Answer:
11
Explanation:
I scoured across many websites to finally get this answer. And it is right, I just did the Instruction.
Answer:
11
Explanation:
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How many grams of water can be produced from 4.6 grams of Hydrogen and 7.3 grams of Oxygen?
H2 + O2 —> H2O
Answer:
The answer to your question is 8.21 g of H₂O
Explanation:
Data
mas of water = ?
mass of hydrogen = 4.6 g
mass of oxygen = 7.3 g
Balanced chemical reaction
2H₂ + O₂ ⇒ 2H₂O
Process
1.- Calculate the atomic mass of the reactants
Hydrogen = 4 x 1 = 4 g
Oxygen = 16 x 2 = 32 g
2.- Calculate the limiting reactant
Theoretical yield = H₂/O₂ = 4 / 32 = 0.125
Experimental yield = H₂/ O₂ = 4.6/7.3 = 0.630
From the results, we conclude that the limiting reactant is Oxygen because the experimental yield was higher than the theoretical yield.
3.- Calculate the mass of water
32 g of O₂ ---------------- 36 g of water
7.3 g of O₂ --------------- x
x = (7.3 x 36) / 32
x = 262.8 / 32
x = 8.21 g of H₂O
15 grams of HCl should theoretically produce 0.42 grams of H2. The reaction actually produced 0.15 grams of H2. What is the percentage yield of H2?
Steps to solution please
Answer:
35.7%
Explanation:
The percent yield is calculated by the formula:
[(actual yield) / (theoretical yield)] * 100
In this case, the actual yield is 0.15 grams, and the theoretical yield is 0.42 grams. So, putting these values into the equation, we have:
[tex]\frac{0.15}{0.42} *100=0.357*100=35.7[/tex]
Thus, the percent yield of [tex]H_2[/tex] is 35.7%.
Hope this helps!
The percentage yield of a reaction is calculated using the equation: (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) * 100. In this case, the percentage yield of the reaction that produced H2 is approximately 35.7%.
Explanation:The subject of this question is the percentage yield of a chemical reaction. In chemistry, the percentage yield is a measure of the efficiency of a reaction. It's calculated by dividing the actual yield (the amount of product actually produced) by the theoretical yield (the maximum amount of product that could be produced) and then multiplied by 100 to convert it to a percentage.
Given in the question, the theoretical yield of H2 is 0.42 grams and the actual yield is 0.15 grams. So, to calculate the percentage yield, we would use the formula: (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) * 100
Substituting the given amounts, the calculation would look like this: (0.15 / 0.42) * 100 = 35.7%.
So, the percentage yield of H2 in this reaction is approximately 35.7%.
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What are the “parts” of a chemical formula? (ex. -->, +, reactants, products, coefficient, subscript)
(12 points)
Answer:
the reactants and products
Explanation:
There are two parts to a chemical equation. The reactants are the elements or compounds on the left side of the arrow (-->). The elements and compounds to the right of the arrow are the products
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Answer:
the reactants and products
i got 6 points not 12
23.495 g sample of aqueous waste leaving a fertilizer manufacturer contains ammonia. The sample is diluted with 72.311 g of water. A 12.949 g aliquot of this solution is then titrated with 0.1080 M HCl . It required 32.27 mL of the HCl solution to reach the methyl red endpoint. Calculate the weight percent NH3 in the aqueous waste.
Answer:
1.86% NH₃
Explanation:
The reaction that takes place is:
HCl(aq) + NH₃(aq) → NH₄Cl(aq)We calculate the moles of HCl that reacted, using the volume used and the concentration:
32.27 mL ⇒ 32.27/1000 = 0.03227 L0.1080 M * 0.03227 L = 3.4852x10⁻³ mol HClThe moles of HCl are equal to the moles of NH₃, so now we calculate the mass of NH₃ that was titrated, using its molecular weight:
3.4852x10⁻³ mol NH₃ * 17 g/mol = 0.0592 g NH₃The weight percent NH₃ in the aliquot (and thus in the diluted sample) is:
0.0592 / 12.949 * 100% = 0.4575%Now we calculate the total mass of NH₃ in the diluted sample:
Diluted sample total mass = Aqueous waste Mass + Water mass = 23.495 + 72.311 = 95.806 g
0.4575% * 95.806 g = 0.4383 g NH₃Finally we calculate the weight percent NH₃ in the original sample of aqueous waste:
0.4383 g NH₃ / 23.495 g * 100% = 1.86% NH₃You had to heat the NaHCO3 strongly in order for it to decompose. This is an
example of an endothermic reaction. What does this tell you about the energy stored
in the reactants compared to the energy stored in the product? Write the balanced
equation for the decomposition of NaHCO3, this time with the term “+ energy” on
the appropriate side of the equation.
There is more energy stored in the products as the reaction absorbs energy from its surroundings, hence we call it endothermic reaction.
What is endothermic reaction?
An endothermic reaction is a type of reaction that absorbs heat from the surrounding.
When you heat the NaHCO3 strongly in order for it to decompose,;
NaHCO3 -> Na2O + 2CO2 + H2O + energy
This reaction shows that there is more energy stored in the products as the reaction absorbs energy from its surroundings, hence we call it endothermic reaction.
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Which statement best describes reproduction among bacteria under ideal conditions?
Answer:
Reproduction is asexual and occurs at a rapid rate.
Answer: Reproduction is asexual and occurs at a rapid rate.
Explanation:i did the quiz
Almost all of the lakes found in Texas are/were:
Answer:
B. created by man made dams
Explanation:
I live in Texas
Answer:
B. created by man made dams
Explanation:
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How many valence electrons does a neutral atom of aluminum have?
Answer:
Aluminum has 13 electrons in a neutral atom. The 1S2, 2S2 and 2P6 shells are full, and so is the 3S2. The 3P1 shell has one electron in it (in Al's neutral atom) and that gives aluminum one lone valence electron and two "semi-valence" electrons which can be loaned out.
Explanation:
The number of valence electrons that a neutral atom of aluminum has is 3 valence electrons.
What are valence electrons?Valence electrons are those electrons in the outermost parts of elements that can be combined or loned to other elements during chemical reactions. Aluminum has three electrons in the valence shell.
The total number of electrons that aluminum has is 13 and the 3P1 shell has three electrons. So, this is the number of valence electrons.
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How many moles of ammonium carbonate are needed to decompose in order to produce 6.52g of carbon dioxide? Ammonium oxide is the other product.
A.) 0.116 moles
B.) 0.251 moles
C.) 0.148 moles
D.) 286.88 moles
Help me solve please...
Answer:
Option (C) is correct.
Explanation:
Decomposition reaction: [tex](NH_{4})_{2}CO_{3}\rightarrow 2NH_{3}+CO_{2}+H_{2}O[/tex]
Molar mass of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] = 44.01 g/mol
No. of moles = (mass)/(molar mass)
So, 6.52 g of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{6.52}{44.01}[/tex] moles of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] = 0.148 moles of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex]
According to balanced equation-
1 mol of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] is produced from decomposition of 1 mol of [tex](NH_{4})_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]
So, 0.148 mol of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] is produced from decomposition of 0.148 mol of [tex](NH_{4})_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]
Hence, option (C) is correct.