1. The right answer is True.
Hemoglobin, commonly symbolized by Hb, sometimes Hgb, is an iron-containing metalloprotein, found mainly in the blood of vertebrates within their red blood cells, as well as in the tissues of certain invertebrates.
Hemoglobin has a quaternary structure characteristic of many globular subunit proteins. Most of its amino acid residues are involved in α helices interconnected by non-helical segments.
2. The right answer is False.
The helicoidal sections of hemoglobin are stabilized by hydrogen bonds which give the protein its characteristic three-dimensional structure, called globin folding, as it is also found in other globins with prosthetic hemic groups such as myoglobin8. This characteristic folding has a cavity in which is closely inserted a heme molecule constituting the prosthetic group of the protein. Hemoglobin therefore contains one molecule of heme per subunit.
3 The right answer is False.
The biosynthesis of hemoglobin involves a complex set of steps. Heme is the result of a series of reactions that start in the mitochondria and continue in the cytosol of immature erythrocytes, while the apoprotein is produced at the ribosomes of the cytosol (and not those of the endoplasmic reticulum). Hemoglobin production occurs in the early stages of erythropoiesis, from the proerythroblast to the reticulocyte stage in the bone marrow.
4. The right answer is False.
Mutations on the hemoglobin genes can lead to hemoglobin variants. Most of these variants are functional and have no effect on health. Some mutations in hemoglobin, by contrast, are likely to cause genetic diseases called hemoglobinopathies.
Sickle cell disease is due to the substitution of a single amino acid residue for the β-chain of hemoglobin (without change in the alpha chain). This genetic mutation - replacement of glutamate in position 6 by a valine, giving hemoglobin S - promotes, under certain conditions, the appearance of rigid red cells of elongated shape, called sickle or acanthus leaf, likely to induce three broad categories of clinical manifestations.
Hemoglobin has a quaternary structure and is synthesized by ribosomes. Its alpha-helices are stabilized by hydrogen bonds, not ionic. And DNA mutation in the alpha-globin protein subunit does not necessarily affect the beta-globin protein subunit.
Explanation:1. Hemoglobin does indeed have a quaternary structure. This means that it's formed from multiple different protein subunits. In the case of hemoglobin, it's made up of 4 globin protein subunits.
2. Individual alpha-helices found in hemoglobin are stabilized mainly by hydrogen bonds, not ionic bonds. So the second statement is false.
3. The third statement is correct. All proteins, including hemoglobin, are synthesized by ribosomes. These ribosomes can be found both 'free' in the cytoplasm, and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
4. The fourth statement is false. A DNA mutation that affects the primary structure of the alpha-globin protein subunit would not necessarily affect the primary structure of the beta-globin protein subunit. These are different proteins encoded by different genes. Therefore, a mutation in one gene does not automatically mean a mutation in the other.
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A plant that has flower parts that occur in multiples of four or five is usually a
The part of the eye that allows for varying amounts of light onto the retina is the
Final answer:
The iris of the eye controls the size of the pupil, allowing more or less light onto the retina depending on light conditions.
Explanation:
The part of the eye that allows varying amounts of light onto the retina is the iris. The iris is the colored part of the eye and it controls the size of the pupil. When exposed to bright light, the iris causes the pupil to narrow, reducing the amount of light that enters the eye. In dim conditions, the iris allows the pupil to widen, permitting more light to enter. After light passes through the pupil, it then travels through the lens, which further refracts the light focusing it on the retina—a layer of photoreceptor cells which include rods sensitive to dim light and cones that detect different colors.
Which mutation does the given change in nucleotide sequence represent?
ATTGCATC → ATACGTTC
Answer:
Substitution Mutation (Transversion)
Explanation:
In a substitution mutation, the complementary base pairs of a gene get substituted.
Hence,a purine is substituted by a pyrimidine base or vice versa happens
ATTGCATC → ATACGTTC
In this set of gene , the bold highlighted base “TGCA” is replaced by its complementary base pair “ACGT”
A is complementary to T
G is complementary to C
Hence , this mutation is a tranversion substitution mutation
Describe the relationship between fish and coral.
Fish and coral have a symbiotic relationship, where fish benefit from the shelter and food provided by the coral, and coral benefits from the waste removal and nutrient delivery provided by the fish.
What is symbiotic relationship?A symbiotic relationship is a type of interaction between two or more species where both species benefit from the association. This can take various forms, such as mutualism, where both species receive benefits; commensalism, where one species benefits and the other is not affected; and parasitism, where one species benefits at the expense of the other.
Examples of symbiotic relationships include the relationship between bees and flowers, where bees collect nectar and pollen and pollinate the flowers, and the relationship between cattle and cattle egrets, where cattle stir up insects while grazing, making them easier for the birds to catch. The diversity of life on Earth is largely dependent on symbiotic relationships, and they play an important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems.
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Do you think most traits are inherited the way mouse fur color is ?
Incomplete dominance likely explains the all gray offspring from true-breeding black and white mice. Human traits such as hair and eye color can show linkage, whereas hair color is a polygenic trait. This illustrates the complexity of inheritance, involving both genetic and environmental factors.
Inheritance Patterns in Mouse Fur Color
If black and white true-breeding mice are mated and the result is all gray offspring, the inheritance pattern indicated would likely be incomplete dominance. This is a scenario where neither parent's trait is completely dominant over the other, and the resulting phenotype is a blend of both parental traits. The concept of incomplete dominance differs from Mendelian inheritance, where one allele is completely dominant over the other.
Linkage and Human Traits
Linkage can lead to certain traits being inherited together due to their genes being located close to each other on the same chromosome. Hair color and eye color are traditional examples of linked traits, such as the common association of blonde hair with blue eyes, and brown hair with brown eyes. Other human traits that might be controlled by linked genes could include various physical features like height and body shape, as well as susceptibility to certain diseases.
Polygenic Traits and Human Hair Color
Human hair color is a polygenic trait, meaning it is influenced by multiple genes, such as MC1R, TYR, TYRP1, SLC24A5, and KITLG. These genes contribute to the production and ratio of melanin, which determines hair color. Variants in these genes lead to a wide range of hair colors, from black to blonde to red, indicating a more complex inheritance pattern than simple dominance.
Complexity of Inherited Traits
Traits in organisms can be determined by both inherited factors and environmental factors. For example, intellectual capacity and susceptibility to certain diseases like diabetes can be influenced by a combination of both genetics and environmental conditions.
The inheritance of traits such as mouse fur color or human hair color helps illustrate the complexity and diversity of genetic inheritance, which can range from simple Mendelian patterns to more complex polygenic or non-Mendelian inheritance.
Imagine that you have the dna sequences from the intron of a gene in three species called a, b, and
c. species a and b are most closely related, while c is more distantly related. the sequences of a and b differ by 18 base pairs, a and c differ by 26 base pairs, and b and c differ by 28 base pairs. fossils show that species a and b diverged about 1.2 mya, but there is no fossil evidence as to when the most recent common ancestor of all three species lived. use the genetic data to estimate that date. what assumptions are you making to get this estimate?
By assuming a consistent rate of genetic change, this analysis approximates that the most recent common ancestor of all three species lived approximately 1.87 million years ago.
Explanation:Estimating the timing of species divergence using genetic data involves some assumptions. First, we assume a constant molecular clock, meaning that genetic changes accumulate at a consistent rate over time. Second, we assume that differences in DNA sequences are reflective of the time since species diverged.
Given the divergence of species A and B is known to be 1.2 million years ago (mya) and this corresponds to a difference of 18 base pairs, it suggests that the mutation rate is 15 base pairs per million years. If we apply this rate to other pairings, the divergence of species A and C, which have a difference of 26 base pairs, would be approximately 1.73 mya, and B and C, which differ by 28 base pairs, diverged approximately 1.87 mya.
The most recent common ancestor of all three species would be the most distant divergence, which is between B and C at approximately 1.87 mya.
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Paramecia use _________ to move and capture food
What is a start codon?
If we traced the sensory pathways that carry sarah's thigh pain up to her brain, which cerebral lobe and which part of the cortex would be active when she feels this sensation?
Answer:
Parietal lobe and left primary somatosensory cortex
Explanation:
The parietal lobe is that area of integration where it passes much of the information from the rest of the brain regions. It is he who organizes, who allows us to feel and understand the reality around us. It is through him that we perceive the touch of someone, the feeling of the hug and the force of a blow that causes pain.
In addition to the parietal lobe, the primary sensory cortex is also responsible for receiving tactile information from the body. Thus, we can state that when we feel a physical pain, such as Sarah who is experiencing leg pain, the parietal lobe and primary sensory cortex will be active.
Sexual reproduction requires cells to undergo ______, whereas only _______ is necessary for asexual reproduction.
A bird population only eats a certain type of plant. One year, flooding washes away most of these plants in an area. What will most likely result?
immigration followed by competition
competition followed by immigration
emigration followed by competition
competition followed by emigration
Answer:
competition followed by immigration
Explanation:
If the bird population eats only a specific species of plant and most of the plant population has been exterminated due to flooding, competition will occur followed by immigration of these birds. This is because the amount of plants has been reduced, resulting in poor availability of food for the birds, which will compete for the few remaining plants. After the birds consume the remaining plants, they will migrate to other regions in search of food.
The nurse is assessing the client's readiness for discharge from the postanesthesia care unit (pacu). the nurse can rouse the client by calling the client's name. the client can move all extremities and has a blood pressure of 134/82. baseline preoperative blood pressure was 128/78. the most recent pulse oximetry reading was 94% on room air; the client's respirations are deep and easy at a rate of 12/minute. the nurse calculates the aldrete score as:
The somatosensory system involves sensation of ____.a. sight and soundb. sound and touchc. the body and its movementsd. the head and movements of the eyes
If 2 organisms are in the same phylum, they are also in the same ____________.
a. kingdom
b. family
c. species
d. order
Answer:
kingdom
Explanation:
:)))))))))))
A woman has a mitochondrially-inherited autosomal dominant type of muscular dystrophy. she and her husband wish to conceive a healthy child that will have heritable characteristics of both parents, but will not have the the muscle disorder. describe a plausible way in which the parents' wishes might be realized.
According to computer models, most coastal areas will experience what effect of global warming
increased flooding .
all late but that's the answer :)
Most of the coastal regions will experience increased flooding because of global warming.
Due to global warming, the levels of the sea will rise mainly due to two reasons. First, with the increase in temperature, huge amounts of ice in the polar caps will melt, increasing the volume of water in the oceans. Secondly, the substances seem to expand when it gets heated, that is, known as thermal expansion.
Thus, if the average temperature of the Earth rises, the water in the ocean will expand, leading to rising sea levels. One prime influence of rising sea levels is that coastal regions will encounter with more flooding, mainly due to storm surges at the time of typhoons or hurricanes.
The study of how food interacts with genes is known as ____.
a. nutritional genomics
b. nucleotide expression
c. chromosomal nutrition
d. mutagenic expression
e. personalized nutrition
Catabolic processes involve degradation of complex molecules into simpler molecules with the net release of chemical energy. catabolic processes involve degradation of complex molecules into simpler molecules with the net release of chemical energy.
a. True
b. False
The correct answer is: True.
Catabolism together with anabolism is a part of metabolism. It is the set of metabolic pathways in which the molecules are broken down into smaller units and the energy is released. Released energy of catabolism (in a form of ATP) is used for the maintenance and growth of cells. Examples of catabolic processes are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle or degradation of macromolecules: proteins into amino acids, lipids into free fatty acids...
The statement about catabolic processes releasing chemical energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones is true. Catabolic reactions are critical for metabolism in cells, releasing energy that is partially captured in the form of ATP.
Explanation:The statement that catabolic processes involve the degradation of complex molecules into simpler molecules with the net release of chemical energy is true. Catabolic reactions break down larger molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, which are found in food, into their smaller constituents.
In the process, energy is released, which is necessary for the metabolic processes in cells throughout the body. For example, as much as 40 percent of the energy yielded from these reactions is transferred to ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell and can power various cellular functions. The remaining energy is released as heat, absorbed by tissues and body fluids.
whose mitochondrial dna did scientists use to try to identify the tsarinas bones elizabeth or philips
Answer:
Scientists used the mitochondrial DNA of Prince Philip in order to investigate the relationship of Tsarina with the Russian royal family.
Mitochondrial DNA inherited only through the maternal line i.e., it is passed from the mother to her offspring.
It helped in identifying the relationship of Tsarina with prince Philip who was related to Tsarina through his mother. It proved that Tsarina and her four daughters were indeed buried into two graves.
A patient enters a hospital after hitting her head in a car accident. she is diagnosed with a fractured skull but has other symptoms that show she is suffering from brain damage. what technology should be used to confirm this diagnosis? explain.
Final answer:
To confirm brain damage after a car accident, MRI or CT scanning should be used. MRI offers detailed imaging without radiation while CT scans provide quicker results, which is critical in emergencies. These imaging techniques surpass the limitations of autopsies which only provide postmortem insights.
Explanation:
To confirm the diagnosis of suspected brain damage post a traumatic event like a car accident, the most appropriate technologies to use would be brain imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scanning.
An MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain and can help identify abnormalities, injuries, and bleeding without the use of radiation. A CT scan, on the other hand, utilizes X-rays to make cross-sectional images of the brain, which can quickly identify fractures, hemorrhages, and other forms of physical damage.
Both techniques have advantages - MRI provides more detailed images, beneficial for diagnosing soft tissue injuries, while a CT scan is faster and can be crucial in emergency settings where time is of the essence.
Before the advent of these modern imaging techniques, clinicians had to wait for autopsies to understand brain injuries, which obviously could only happen postmortem. Autopsies do not allow for any intervention that could potentially save a patient's life or reduce the severity of the brain injury. In contrast, MRI and CT scans provide real-time, non-invasive insights into brain health, allowing for immediate and potentially life-saving treatments.
The correct technology to confirm the diagnosis of brain damage in a patient with a fractured skull is a computed tomography (CT) scan, specifically a head CT scan.
A CT scan is the preferred imaging method for initial evaluation of a patient with acute head trauma because it can quickly detect the presence of intracranial hemorrhage, skull fractures, and other structural abnormalities that may be causing the symptoms of brain damage. It provides detailed images of the brain and allows healthcare professionals to assess the extent of the injury, including any swelling, bleeding, or shifts in brain structures that could be life-threatening.
The reasons for choosing a CT scan in this scenario include:
1. Speed: CT scans are fast, which is critical in an emergency setting where rapid diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent further brain injury.
2. Availability: CT scanners are widely available in most hospitals, especially in emergency departments.
3. Sensitivity to Hemorrhage: CT scans are highly sensitive for detecting acute bleeding, which is a common and serious complication of head trauma.
4. Detection of Skull Fractures: CT scans can clearly show skull fractures, which are important to identify in the context of head trauma.
5. Assessment of Brain Swelling: CT scans can reveal brain swelling (edema) and any shifts in the brain's structures, which can be indicative of increased intracranial pressure and potential herniation syndromes.
6. Non-invasive: CT scans are non-invasive and can be performed on patients with various medical conditions, including those with implanted medical devices, which might contraindicate other imaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
In summary, a head CT scan is the most appropriate technology to confirm the diagnosis of brain damage in a patient with a fractured skull due to its speed, availability, and ability to detect both bony and soft tissue injuries in the acute setting.
Match the following terms and definitions 1. lysosomes and peroxisomes small storage sacs containing water, food, and waste 2. vacuoles powerful enzymes used to process cellular activity 3. cytoskeleton bundles of microtubules that separate to opposite poles of a cell 4. flagella chains of protein fibers that provide support and shape 5. vesicles prepares protein-packed vesicles for release outside of the cell 6. centrioles tiny sacs at the end of the ER which contain protein 7. endoplasmic reticulum (ER) whip-like structures on cells that are used for movement 8. ribosomes produces and assembles proteins 9. Golgi complex rough and smooth organelle that produces protein, steroids, and lipids
He association of two or more polypeptides in a multimeric protein is known as the:
Which planets have rings? Check all that apply. Jupiter Mercury Saturn Venus Uranus Neptune Earth Mars
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have rings. The ring system of Jupiter is thin and dark and is chiefly made up of dust. It can only be seen by using most powerful telescopes. The ring system of Saturn contains 12 rings with 2 divisions and many gaps. The rings are wide and colorful. Uranus has 13 rings which are all very faint, while Neptune has 6 rings which are also faint and thin.
Why are all of the organs in the alimentary canal important in digesting food? As food passes through each organ, different hormones are produce to help break it down so that our body can easily absorb nutrients. Each organ has the same role in digesting food but is necessary in order to efficiently break food. The human body needs a long time to digest food in order to be able to absorb nutrients.
Answer:
the first one
Explanation:
I hope you have a great day
According to the fossil record, which of these evolved after amphibians? Check all that apply. mammals sponges fish bacteria reptiles Mark this and return
According to the fossil record, mammals and reptiles are evolved after amphibians.
What are the characteristics of amphibians?Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal.
Amphibians have a backbone, are cold-blooded, need a moist place to live, can breathe air through their skin, externally fertilize their eggs, eat meat, and grow legs when they mature.
Amphibians are a class of cold-blooded vertebrates made up of frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians (wormlike animals with poorly developed eyes).
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Which of the following is an example of geotropism helping a plant survive a change in its environment?
A.
At the edge of a forest, a tree angles away from the woods.
B.
The roots of a partially uprooted seedling grow straight down.
C.
A tulip bulb remains dormant in the ground through the winter.
Answer:
its b
Explanation:
I can tell you how to do it Ahem, Because I did C:
The example of geotropism helping a plant survive a change in its environment is The roots of a partially uprooted seedling grow straight down.
What is geotropism?Geotropism is a process plants response to influence of gravity either by moving toward or away from the influence of gravity for their survival in their environment.
Therefore, The example of geotropism helping a plant survive a change in its environment is The roots of a partially uprooted seedling grow straight down.
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Which factor differentiates between weather and climate
Answer:
the length of time over which conditions are measured
Explanation:
apex
the dna sequence actcg produces which mrna sequence during transcription
The DNA sequence ACTCG produces the mRNA sequence UGAGC.
Explanation:The DNA sequence ACTCG produces the mRNA sequence UGAGC during transcription. In transcription, the DNA sequence is copied into a complementary mRNA strand, with the nucleotide A in DNA being replaced by U in RNA, and the nucleotide T in DNA being replaced by A in RNA. Therefore, the complementary mRNA sequence for ACTCG would be UGAGC.
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Which term represents the process of nuclear division in a cell?
Cytokinesis
Interphase
Mitosis
Synthesis
The concept of evolution by way of natural selection is a central tenet in biology that has been tested in numerous ways by many scientists but is not yet considered a law. Evolution by way of natural selection is most likely which type of concept?