How did convection currents cause the plates to move

Answers

Answer 1
Convection currents in the mantle are powered by the heat from the earth's core. The convection cells move in a circular motion in the mantle as the plumes or currents of magma rises and falls due to heating and cooling. This circular motion will affect the base of the crust and drag the crustal plates along. The movement however is very slow, as plates only move a few centimeters or inches per year. 

Related Questions

In which form do many minerals occur naturally on the Earth’s surface? rocks plants streams water

Answers

The answer should be rock

Hope this helps

Answer:

rocks

Explanation:

Question 15 How many grams of NaCl are required to make 500.0 mL of a 1.500 M solution? 58.40 g 175.3 g 14.60 g 43.83 g

Answers

Hi!

To make 500 mL of a 1,500 M solution of NaCl you'll require 43,83 g

To calculate that, you will need to use a conversion factor to go from the volume of the 1,500 M solution to the required grams. For this conversion factor, you'll use the definition for Molar concentration (M=mol/L) and the molar mass of NaCl. The conversion factor is shown below:

[tex]gNaCl=500mLsol* \frac{1L}{1000 mL}* \frac{1,500 mol NaCl}{1Lsol}* \frac{58,4428 g NaCl}{1 mol NaCl} \\ =43,83gNaCl [/tex]

Have a nice day!

How many moles are there in a 2.00 kg bottle of water?

Answers

2000/18 =111.111111
111.1 moles

What is the approximate bond angle around the central carbon atom in acrolein?

Answers

Hello!

The approximate bond angle around the central carbon atom in acrolein is 120°

The structure of acrolein is shown in the figure below. From the structure, we can deduce that the central carbon atom is in an sp2 hybridization (Atoms with a double bond hybridize in an sp2 fashion).

Atoms with sp2 hybridization have trigonal planar geometry, in this kind of hybridization, bonds are oriented the farthest away possible from each other, to minimize overlapping and the angle that allows that is 120°. 

Have a nice day!

All three carbon atom has [tex]{\mathbf{s}}{{\mathbf{p}}^{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex] hybridization and therefore bond angle of all central atoms is approximately equal to [tex]\boxed{{\mathbf{120^\circ }}}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

Prediction of hybridization:

The hybridization can be determined by calculating the number of hybrid orbitals (X) which is formed by the atom. The formula to calculate the number of hybrid orbitals (X) as follows:

Steric number (X) = [(Number of atoms bonded to the central atom) + (Number of lone pairs on the central atom)]

Generally, the least electronegative atom is considered as the central atom. Calculate hybridization as follows:

1. If the value of X is 2 then it means two hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is sp.

2. If the value of X is 3 then it means three hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is [tex]s{p^2}[/tex].

3. If the value of X is 4 then it means four hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is[tex]s{p^3}[/tex].

4. If the value of X is 5 then it means five hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is [tex]s{p^3}d[/tex].

5. If the value of X is 6 then it means six hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is [tex]s{p^3}{d^2}[/tex].

For carbon atom 1 (refer to the image attached):

Substitute 3 for a number of atoms bonded to the carbon atom and 0 for a number of lone pair on the central atom in equation (1) to find out the steric number.

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Steric number}}&=3 + 0\\&=3\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The steric number of carbon atom 1 is 3 thus the hybridization of carbon atom 1 in acrolein is [tex]{\mathbf{s}}{{\mathbf{p}}^{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex].

For carbon atom 2 (refer to the image attached):  

Substitute 3 for a number of atoms bonded to the carbon atom and 0 for a number of lone pair on the central atom in equation (1) to find out the steric number.

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Steric number}}&=3 + 0\\&=3\ \end{aligned}[/tex]

The steric number of carbon atom 2 is 3 thus the hybridization of carbon atom 2 in acrolein is [tex]{\mathbf{s}}{{\mathbf{p}}^{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex].

For carbon atom 3 (refer to the image attached):  

Substitute 3 for a number of atoms bonded to the carbon atom and 0 for a number of lone pair on the central atom in equation (1) to find out the steric number.

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Steric number}}&=3 + 0\\&=3\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The steric number of carbon atom 3 is 3 thus the hybridization of carbon atom 3 in acrolein is [tex]{\mathbf{s}}{{\mathbf{p}}^{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex].

Since all three carbon atom has [tex]{\mathbf{s}}{{\mathbf{p}}^{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex]  hybridization and therefore, bond angle of all central atoms is approximately equal to [tex]{\mathbf{120^\circ }}[/tex].

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Covalent bonding and molecular structure

Keywords: hybridization, acrolein, geometry, sp2, steric number, 3, p orbital, s orbital, Lewis structure, hybridization of acrolein, central atom, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, shape, double bond.

G: draw the monosaccharide present in dna. draw the sugar in its β-furanose form.

Answers

The required monosaccharide is deoxyribose.

Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide with five carbon atoms, pentose. It forms from ribose by removing of an oxygen atom. Deoxyribose builds DNA nucleotides in such a way that they are linked by phosphodiester binding to form two polynucleotide chains that make up the DNA molecule.

Answer:

Deoxyribose.

Explanation:

Hello,

On the attached picture, you will find the β-furanose structure of the deoxyribose which is the monosaccharide present in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Deoxyribose is a sugar derived from ribose by replacement of a hydroxyl group by hydrogen. In addition, it is the five-carbon sugar molecule that helps form the phosphate backbone of DNA molecules

Best regards.

The equilibrium constant kc for the reaction hf(aq) + h2o(l) h3o+(aq) +f-(aq) is 3.5 x 10-4. what is the equilibrium concentration of h3o+ if the initial concentration of hf is 1.0 m?

Answers

according to the reaction equation:
          Hf(aq) + H2O (l)↔ H3O+ (aq) + F(aq)  

initial   1 m                       0           0
            -X                         +X          +X
          (1-x)                         X            X
We assumed that [H3O+] = X
so. at eqilibrium:
Kc = [H3O] [ F] / [Hf] when we have Kc so by substitution:
3.5x10^-4 = X^2 / (1-X)
∴X^2 = 3.5x10^-4 - 3.5x10^-4 X
X^2 + 3.5x10^-4 X - 3.5x10^-4= Zero
by solving this equation:
(X-1.9x10^-2)(X + 1.9x10^-2) = Zero 
∴X = 1.9x10^-2 
∴ the equilibrium constatnt of H3O = 1.9x10^-2 M
Final answer:

The equilibrium concentration of H3O+ for the given reaction with an equilibrium constant of 3.5 x 10^-4 and initial HF concentration of 1.0 M is calculated to be 1.9 x 10^-2 M.

Explanation:

The equation for the given reaction is HF(aq) + H2O(l) => H3O+(aq) + F-(aq). Given the equilibrium constant (Kc) is 3.5 x 10^-4 and the initial concentration of HF is 1.0 M, we can use the assumption that the change in concentration is small enough to ignore (less than 5% of the initial concentration).

The equilibrium concentrations of the species are therefore: [H3O+] = x M, [F-] = x M, and [HF] = 1.0 - x M. Concluding, we can substitute these concentrations into the expression for the equilibrium constant: Kc = 3.5 x 10^-4 = [H3O+][F-] / [HF] => 3.5 x 10^-4 = (x)(x) / (1.0 - x). However, 1.0 - x is approximately 1.0. Hence, we can solve for x and conclude that [H3O+] = x = sqrt(3.5 x 10^-4) = 1.9 x 10^-2 M. Equilibrium concentration of H3O+ is 1.9 x 10^-2 M.

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If 12.1 kilograms of al2o3(s), 60.4 kilograms of naoh(l), and 60.4 kilograms of hf(g) react completely, how many kilograms of cryolite will be produced?

Answers

Final answer:

Without the complete chemical equations for the synthesis of cryolite, it's not possible to calculate the mass of cryolite produced from the reactants Al2O3, NaOH, and HF.

Explanation:

To determine the mass of cryolite that will be produced, we need to look at the stoichiometry of the reactions involved. However, the given information does not provide a complete chemical equation for the reaction of Al2O3, NaOH, and HF to form cryolite, so we can't perform a straightforward stoichiometric calculation. Instead, we know from the provided context that aluminum oxide reacts with cryolite in the Hall-Heroult process, suggesting that cryolite acts as a solvent for Al2O3 during aluminum extraction.

In the industrial production of aluminum, cryolite serves as a solvent and does not get consumed in the process. Therefore, we cannot calculate the amount of cryolite produced without the specific chemical equations for its synthesis. One would typically start with a known amount of aluminum oxide and cryolite for the electrolysis process rather than producing cryolite during the reaction. Since we cannot calculate the mass of cryolite produced with incomplete information, we would need the actual synthesis reaction of cryolite to proceed.

When michelle's blood was tested, the chloride level was 0.45 g/dl.
a. what is this value in milliequivalents per liter?

Answers

To convert from units of g/dL to mEq/L, we must first understand what milliequivalents represent. A milliequivalent is a unit of measurement often used for electrolytes and it tells us the chemical activity of the species relative to 1 mg of hydrogen. The formula for converting to mEq/L is as follows:

mEq/L = (mg/L)/molecular weight

We will first convert our g/dL to mg/L:

0.45 g/dL x 10 dL/1L = 4.5 g/L

4.5 g/L x 1000 mg/g = 4500 mg/L

Now we can use the atomic weight of chloride (35.5 g/mol) to solve for the mEq/L:

(4500 mg/L) / (35.5 g/mol) = 127 mEq/L

Therefore, a chloride concentration of 0.45 g/dL in the blood is equal to 127 mEq/L.

The value in milliequivalents per liter 127 mEq/L when michelle's blood was tested, the chloride level was 0.45 g/dl.

Milliequivalent:

A milliequivalent is a unit of measurement often used for electrolytes and it tells us the chemical activity of the species relative to 1 mg of hydrogen.

The formula,

[tex]\rm \bold {mEq/L = \frac{ (mg/L)}{MW} }[/tex]

0.45 g/dL x 10 dL/1L = 4.5 g/L

Put the value,

Given here,

Chloride level =  0.45 g/dl = 4500 mg/L

The atomic weight of chloride (35.5 g/mol) to solve for the mEq/L:

[tex]\rm \bold { mEqL = \frac{ (4500 mg/L)}{35.5 g/mol)} }[/tex]= 127 mEq/L

Hence, we can conclude that the value in milliequivalents per liter 127 mEq/L when michelle's blood was tested, the chloride level was 0.45 g/dl.

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The table below shows the set of traits in four different beetle populations.

Traits in Population
Population
Traits
1
Brown-colored beetles, pesticide-resistant gene present
2
Green-colored beetles, pesticide-resistant gene absent
3
Green and brown–colored beetles, pesticide-resistant gene absent
4
Green and brown–colored beetles, pesticide-resistant gene present


Which population of beetles is most likely to become extinct when the existing conditions change?

Answers

the green colored beetles are more likely to go extinct first since they arent pesticide-resistant and they are a pure breed. pure breeds arent exactly ok with changes in environment compared to mixed breeds. due to this pure breeds are less likely to adapt and thus become extinct first (or at least sooner) than other breeds.

The most likely species of beetles to become extinct when existing conditions change is the Green-colored beetles, pesticide-resistant gene absent; option 3.

What is favorable traits?

Favorable traits are those traits possessed by organisms which enables them to survive or gives them an advantage to adapt to their environment.

An example of a favorable trait is pesticide-resistance or being disease-resistant.

Therefore, the most likely species of beetles to become extinct when existing conditions change is the Green-colored beetles, pesticide-resistant gene absent.

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A Gas OCCUPIES 525ML AT A PRESSURE OF 85.0 kPa WHAT WOULD THE VOLUME OF THE GAS BE AT THE PRESSURE OF 65.0 kPa

Answers

Boyle's law of ideal gas: This law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at a constant temperature. Acc to this law we can write the relation of pressure and volume as:

[tex] PV=Constant [/tex]

That means:

[tex] P_{1}V_{1}=P_{2}V_{2} [/tex]

From that equation we can calculate Volume of gas at a certain pressure:

P₁=Initial pressure

V₁=Initial volume

P₂=Final pressure

V₂= Final volume

Here P₁, initial pressure is given as 85.0 kPa

V₁, initial volume is given as 525 mL

P₂, final pressure is 65.0 kPa

[tex] P_{1}V_{1}=P_{2}V_{2} [/tex]

so,

V_{2}=85\times 525\div 65

=686 mL

Volume of gas will be 686 mL.

What is the equilibrium constant expression for dissolving calcium carbonate in water?

Answers

Equation for dissolving calcium carbonate in water:
CaCO3(s) ⇄ Ca²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq).
The equilibrium constant expression for this reaction: K = [Ca²⁺] [CO₃²⁻] / [CaCO3(s)], but concentration of CaCO3(s) is 1 (for all solid), so  the simpler expression for the equilibrium constant is:K = [Ca²⁺] [CO₃²⁻].

Because amines are basic, they can often accept a proton. draw the protonated structure of n-propylamine

Answers

Answer is: CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-NH₃⁺.
Amine group (-NH₂) has neutral charge, bet when accepts one proton (H⁺) has positive charge.
Amines are compounds that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons. Amines are derivatives of ammonia, where is one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (in this compound propyl group).
Final answer:

N-Propylamine, being an amine, is basic because the nitrogen atom can accept a proton. Upon acceptance, it forms a protonated structure, C3H9NH+, where nitrogen is bonded to three carbons and the extra hydrogen atom from the accepted proton. This ability of amine's nitrogen atom to accept proton underlines many chemical behaviours of amines.

Explanation:

N-Propylamine is a type of amine which contains three carbons (forming a propyl group) attached to a nitrogen atom. Being an amine, it is considered basic as a nitrogen atom in an amine has a lone pair of electrons and can readily accept a proton. When it does accept a proton (H+), it forms a positively charged ion due to the addition of that extra proton.

The protonated form of n-propylamine would have the formula C3H9NH+. In this structure, nitrogen is bonded to the three carbon atoms and also holding onto an additional hydrogen atom, obtained from the accepted proton, making it positively charged.

This basicity of amine's nitrogen atom plays an important role in its chemistry. Amines are found in many compounds essential for life, such as amino acids, hormones, neurotransmitters, and DNA, mainly due to their proton accepting ability.

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In looking at the bolded atoms in the answer choices, which pair consists of molecules having the same geometry? view available hint(s) in looking at the atoms in the answer choices, which pair consists of molecules having the same geometry? ch2o and ch3oh ch2ccl2 and ch2ch2 pcl3 and bf3 co2 and so2

Answers

The pair which consist of molecules having the same geometry is CH2CCI2 and CH2CH2.
Both of these molecules contain double bonds, which has sp^2 hybridization and they possess a trigonal planar geometry. In trigonal planar geometry, the molecule consist of three equally spaced sp^2 hybrid orbitals, which arranged at angle 120 degree. 
Final answer:

The pair of molecules with the same geometry are CH2CCl2 and CH2CH2 as their central atom (carbon) has the same number of bonding sites.

Explanation:

In molecular geometry, we can look for similarities by examining the central atom and its bonding. In the case of the molecules CH2CCl2 and CH2CH2, both contain a carbon atom as their central atom with the same number of bonding sites. In CH2CCl2, the carbon atom is connected to four atoms: two hydrogen and two chlorine. Similarly, in CH2CH2, the carbon atom is attached to three atoms: two hydrogen and one carbon. Therefore, the given two compounds have the same molecular geometry which is tetrahedral.

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Oxides of virtually every element are known. bromine, for example, forms several oxides when treated with ozone. suppose you allow 1.250 g of bromine, br2, to react with ozone, o3, and obtain 1.876 g of brxoy. what is the empirical formula of the product?

Answers

Answer is: empirical formula of the product is Br₂O₅.
Chemical reaction: x/2Br₂ + y/3O₃ → BrₓOy.
m(Br₂) = 1,250 g.
m(BrₓOy) = 1,876 g.
n(Br₂) = m(Br₂) ÷ M(Br₂).
n(Br₂) = 1,25 g ÷ 159,81 g/mol.
n(Br₂) = 0,0078 mol.
n(Br) = 2 · 0,0078 mol = 0,0156 mol.
m(O₃) = 1,876 g - 1,25 g = 0,626 g.
n(O₃) = 0,626 g ÷ 48 g/mol = 0,013 mol.
n(O) = 0,039 · 3 = 0,039 mol
n(Br) : n(O) = 0,0156 mol : 0,039 mol.
n(Br) : n(O) = 1 : 2,5.

Answer:

[tex]Br_2O_5[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

Considering the given information, the undergoing chemical reaction is:

[tex]Br_2+O_3-->Br_xO_y[/tex]

Thus, we consider the formed grams of [tex]Br_xO_y[/tex] because the grams of bromine are equal before and after the chemical reaction (mass can't be neither created nor destroyed), thus, the bromine grams into the [tex]Br_xO_y[/tex] are 1.250g and the oxygen grams that come from the ozone are:

[tex]m_O=1.876gBr_xO_y-1.250gO=0.626gO[/tex]

Now, we compute the moles for each one of them as:

[tex]n_{Br}=1.250gBr_2*\frac{1molBr_2}{160gBr_2}*\frac{2molBr}{1molBr_2}=0.0156molBr.\\ n_O=0.626gO*\frac{1molO}{16gO}=0.039molO[/tex]

Now, we divide by the bromine's moles to find the littlest whole-number that allows us to identify the empirical formula as shown below:

[tex]Br=\frac{0.0156}{0.0156}=1;O=\frac{0.039}{0.0156} =2.5[/tex]

Finally, by multiplying by two to find the littlest whole-number, one gets:

[tex]Br_2O_5[/tex]

Best regards.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen gas

Answers

Thas is the famous Haber process.

The chemical equation of the reaction involved is:

[tex]N_2(g)+3H_2(g)[/tex] ⇄ [tex]2NH_3(g)+heat[/tex]   <-------- answer

As you see it is an equillibrium reaction where 4 molecules of reactants form 2 molecules of product.

The balance is checked in this way

                   Reactants           Products
                    # of atoms          # of atoms

Element

N                  2                         2 * 1 = 2 => check

H                  3*2 = 6                2 * 3 = 6 => check

The number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides, which is what balancing is about.

A solution with a ph of 4 has _________ the concentration of h+ present compared to a solution with a ph of 5.

Answers

A solution of a pH of 4 has 10 times the concentrations of H+ present compared to a solution with a pH of 5, where;
pH = - log [H+], the concentration of H+ of pH=4 is:
[H+] = anti Log (- pH) = 10 ^ - pH = 10 ^ - 4 = 0.0001 M >>>>> (1)
the concentration of H+ of pH = 5 is
10^ -5 = 0.00001 M >>>>> (2)
So, (1) more than (2) by 10 times

If a copper acetate hydrate, Cux(C2H3O2)y zH2O compound is found to contain 31.82% Copper, 59.14% acetate, and the remainder is water. What is the empirical formula of this compound

Answers

Answer is: empirical formula is Cu(C₂H₃O₂)₂ · H₂O.
If we use 100 grams of compound:
m(Cu) = 0,3182 · 100 g = 31,82 g.
n(Cu) = m(Cu) ÷ M(Cu).
n(Cu) = 31,82 g ÷ 63,55 g/mol.
n = 0,5 mol.
m(C₂H₃O₂) = 0,5914 · 100 g = 59,14 g.
n(C₂H₃O₂) = 59,14 g ÷ 59,14 g/mol.
n(C₂H₃O₂) = 1 mol.
m(H₂O) = 100 g - 59,14 g - 31,82 g = 9,04 g.
n(H₂O) = 9,04 g ÷ 18,02 g/mol.
n(H₂O) = 0,5 mol.
n(Cu) : n(C₂H₃O₂) : n(H₂O) = 0,5 mol : 1 mol : 0,5 mol.
n(Cu) : n(C₂H₃O₂) : n(H₂O) = 1 : 2 : 1.

How many bromine atoms are present in 39.0 g of ch2br2?

Answers

Answer is: there is  2,69·10²³ atoms of bromine.
m(CH₂Br₂) = 39,0 g.
n(CH₂Br₂) = m(CH₂Br₂) ÷ M(CH₂Br₂).
n(CH₂Br₂) = 39 g ÷ 173,83 g/mol.
n(CH₂Br₂) = 0,224 mol.
In one molecule of CH₂Br₂, there is two bromine atoms, so:
n(CH₂Br₂) : n(Br) = 1 : 2.
n(Br) = 0,448 mol.
N(Br) = n(Br) · Na.
N(Br) = 0,448 mol · 6,022·10²³ 1/mol.
n(Br) = 2,69·10²³.

If the temperature of air in gabor's lungs is 37∘c (98.6∘f), and the volume is 6l, how many moles of air n must be released by the time he reaches the surface? let the molar gas constant be given by r = 8.31 jmol⋅k.

Answers

Missing question:
Suppose Gabor, a scuba diver, is at a depth of 15 m. Assume that:
1. The air pressure in his air tract is the same as the net water pressure at this depth. This prevents water from coming in through his nose.
2. The temperature of the air is constant (body temperature).
3. The air acts as an ideal gas.
4. Salt water has an average density of around 1.03 g/cm^3, which translates to an increase in pressure of 1.00 atm for every 10.0 m of depth below the surface. Therefore, for example, at 10.0 m, the net pressure is 2.00 atm.

T = 37°C = 310 K.
p₁ = 2,5 atm = 253,313 kPa.
p₂ = 1 atm = 101,325 kPa.
Ideal gas law: p·V = n·R·T.
n₁ = 253,313 kPa · 6 L ÷ 8,31 J/mol·K · 310 K.
n₁ = 0,589 mol.
n₂ = 101,325 kPa · 6 L ÷ 8,31 J/mol·K · 310 K.
n₂ = 0,2356 mol.
Δn = 0,589 mol - 0,2356 mol = 0,3534 mol.
Final answer:

To find the number of moles of air released by the time Gabor reaches the surface, we can use the ideal gas law equation PV = nRT. Given the temperature and volume of air in Gabor's lungs, we can calculate the number of moles using the molar gas constant. Approximately 1.945 moles of air must be released by the time Gabor reaches the surface.

Explanation:

To find the number of moles of air released by the time Gabor reaches the surface, we need to use the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT. Given that the temperature in Gabor's lungs is 37°C (98.6°F) and the volume is 6L, we can calculate the number of moles. The molar gas constant (R) is given as 8.31 J/mol⋅K.

First, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273 to the Celsius value:

T = 37°C + 273 = 310K

Now, we can rearrange the ideal gas law equation to solve for moles (n):

n = PV / RT

Plugging in the given values:

n = (1atm * 6L) / (8.31 J/mol⋅K * 310K)

Simplifying the equation:

n = 1.945 moles

Therefore, approximately 1.945 moles of air must be released by the time Gabor reaches the surface.

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Calculate the percent water in iron ii sulfate heptahydrate

Answers

According to its formula FeSO4.7H2O 
we can get the percent % by the mass of H2O from this formula
%mass of H2O = (mass of water H2O/ mass of the hydrate)x100
when the mass of water = molar mass x 7 = 18 x 7 = 126 
and the mass of hydrate (feSO4) = molar mass = 278
So by substitution:
%mass of H2O = (126/278) x 100 = 45%

If kc = 0.143 at 25°c for this reaction, predict the direction in which the system will shift if the initial concentrations of c6h12 and mcp are 0.400 m and 0.300 m, respectively. the system

Answers

the equation is as follows:
Cyclohexane (C6H12) ⇔ Methyl cyclopentane (C6H12)
The equilibrium constant Kc = 0.143 >>> (1)
Qc is the reaction quotient 
where; If Q = K >>>> No shift left or right >>> (2)
Q > K >>>> Reaction shifts left >>> (3)
Q < K >>>> Reaction shifts right >>> (4) 
And in our equation; Q = 0.3 / 0.4 = 0.75 >>> (5) 
From (1), (3) and (5), Q > Kc 
∴ the reaction shifts left

Final answer:

The direction of a chemical reaction in equilibrium can be predicted by comparing the reaction quotient (Qc or Qp) and equilibrium constant (Kc or Kp). If Q > K, the reaction will shift left, towards reactants. If Q < K, it will shift right, towards products.

Explanation:

The question refers to the concept of chemical equilibrium in the field of chemistry, specifically the direction in which a chemical reaction will proceed given the certain initial conditions. In a chemical equilibrium, the reaction may move in the forward direction (towards products) or in the reverse direction (towards reactants) depending on the relationship between Qc (reaction quotient) and Kc (equilibrium constant).

In this particular case, Kc, the equilibrium constant, is given as 0.143 at 25°c. The initial concentrations of C6H12 and MCP are 0.400M and 0.300M respectively. The reaction quotient Qc, would be calculated using these concentrations. If Qc > Kc, the system is not at equilibrium and will shift to the left (towards reactants) to reach equilibrium. If Qc < Kc, the system will shift to the right (towards products) to reach equilibrium.

A similar principle applies to reactions involving gases, where the equilibrium can be defined in terms of partial pressures (Kp) or in terms of molar concentrations (Kc), and corresponding quotients Qp and Qc. Like in the earlier case, if Qp > Kp, the system will shift left, and if Qp < Kp, the system will shift right.

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Ammonia, nh3, is a weak base with a kb value of 1.8×10−5. part a what is the ph of a 0.440 m ammonia solution? express your answer numerically to two decimal places. view available hint(s)

Answers

Answer is: pH of ammonia solution is 11,43.
Chemical reaction of ammonia in water: NH₃ + H₂O → NH₄⁺ + OH⁻.
Kb(NH₃) = 1,8·10⁻⁵.
c₀(NH₃) = 0,44 M = 0,44 mol/L.
c(NH₄⁺) = c(OH⁻) = x.
c(NH₃) = 0,44 mol/L - x.
Kb = c(NH₄⁺) · c(OH⁻) / c(NH₃).
0,000018 = x² /  (0,4 mol/L - x). 

x²  + 0,000018x - 0,0000072 = 0.

solve quadratic equation: x = c(OH⁻) = 2,67·10⁻³ mol/L.
pOH = -log(2,67·10⁻³ mol/L) = 2,57.
pH = 14 - 2,57 = 11,43.
Final answer:

To find the pH of a 0.440 M ammonia solution, we apply the base ionization constant expression for ammonia, make approximations for simplification due to small Kb, solve for the concentration of OH-, calculate pOH, and then find pH by subtracting pOH from 14.

Explanation:

The pH of the ammonia solution can be found by first calculating the concentration of hydroxide ion, [OH-], that results from NH3 acting as a Bronsted base. To do this, you set up the base ionization constant expression for ammonia: Kb = [NH4+][OH-] / [NH3]. Since initial concentration of ammonia is 0.440 M and we assume x mol/L ionizes, at equilibrium we have [NH4+] = x, [OH-] = x, and [NH3] = 0.440 - x. Since Kb for ammonia is so small and x is very small compared to 0.440, we can approximate [NH3] as 0.440 to simplify the equation. Solving Kb = x^2 / 0.440 for x gives the concentration of OH-. Then use the relationship between OH- concentration and pOH to find pOH first (pOH=-log[OH-]). Finally, using the relationship pH + pOH = 14 at 25 degrees Celsius, we can find pH.

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if a copper acetate hydrate, Cux(C2H3O2)y zH2O compound is found to contain 31.82% Copper, 59.14% acetate,and the remainder is water. What is the empirical formula of this compound ?

Answers

To make it easier, assume that we have a total of 100 g of a copper acetate hydrate. Hence, we have 31.82g of Cu, 59.14g of acetate and 9.18g of water. Know we will convert each of these masses to moles by using the atomic ie molecular masses of Cu, acetate, and water:

31.82/63.6= 0.5 mole of Cu
59.14/59= 1 mole of acetate
9.18/32= 0.51 mole of water

Now, we will divide all the mole numbers by the smallest among them and get the number of atoms in the compound:

Cu = 0.5/05 = 1
acetate = 1 1/0.5= 2
water = 0.5/051 = 1

So, the empirical formula of the compound Cu(C2H3O2)2 × H2O 

A 225 g sample of french fries supplies 460 kilocalories of energy. 65% of those calories come from fat, which supplies 9 kilocalories of energy per gram. How many grams of fat are in the french fries?

Answers

Answer:

33 g

Explanation:

A 225 g sample of french fries supplies 460 kilocalories of energy. 65% (0.65) of those calories come from fat. The kilocalories coming from fat are:

460 kcal × 0.65 = 299 kcal

9 kilocalories of energy are supplied per gram of fat. The grams of fat that supply 299 kcal are:

299 kcal × (1 g fat/ 9 kcal) = 33 g

A chlorine ion (Cl-) would most likely bond with _____.
Cl-
Mg
K+
O

Answers

It would most likely bond with K+.

Answer:

The chlorine ion (CI-) would presumably bond with the electrolyte K+

Explanation:

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Ephedrine, a central nervous system stimulant, is used in nasalsprays as a decongestant. this compound is a weak organic base: {\rm{c}}_{10} {\rm{h}}_{15} {\rm{on(}}aq{\rm{)}} + {\rm{h}}_2 {\rm{o}}(l{\rm{)}} \overrightarrow{\leftarrow} {\rm{c}}_{10} {\rm{h}}_{15} {\rm{onh}}^ + (aq) + {\rm{oh}}^ - (aq) a 0.035 {\rm m} solution of ephedrine has a{\rm ph} of 11.33. what is the equilibrium concentration of{\rm{c}}_{10} {\rm{h}}_{15} {\rm{on}}, {\rm{c}}_{10} {\rm{h}}_{15} {\rm{onh}}^ +, and oh-.

Answers

Ephedrine, a central nervous system stimulant, is used in nasal sprays as a decongestant. This compound is a weak organic base:

C10H15ON (aq) + H2O (l) -> C10H15ONH+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

A 0.035 M solution of ephedrine has a pH of 11.33.

a) What are the equilibrium concentrations of C10H15ON, C10H15ONH+, and OH-?

b) Calculate Kb for ephedrine.

c(C₁₀H₁₅NO) = 0,035 M.
pH = 11,33.
pOH = 14 - 11,33 = 2,67.
[OH⁻] = 10∧(-2,67) = 0,00213 M.
[OH⁻] = [C₁₀H₁₅NOH⁺] = 0,00213 M.
[C₁₀H₁₅NO] = 0,035 M - 0,00213 M = 0,03287 M.
Kb = [OH⁻] · [C₁₀H₁₅NOH⁺] / [C₁₀H₁₅NO].
Kb = (0,00213 M)² / 0,03287 M = 1,38·10⁻⁴.

The gas phase decomposition of phosphine at 120 °C PH3(g) 1/4 P4(g) + 3/2 H2(g) is first order in PH3 with a rate constant of 1.80×10-2 s-1. If the initial concentration of PH3 is 3.16×10-2 M, the concentration of PH3 will be M after 99 s have passed

Answers

Answer: 5.32 x 10⁻³ M


Explanation:


1) The rate law for a first order reaction is:


r = - d [A] / dt = k[A]


2) When you integrate you get:


[ A] = Ao x e ^(-kt)

Remember that here A is PH₃

3) Plug in the data: Ao = 0.0316M, k = 0.0180 /s, and t = 99s


[PH₃] = 0.0316 M x e ^( - 0.0180/s x 99s) = 5.32 x 10⁻³ M

Answer:

5.32*10⁻³M

Explanation:

Given:

Rate constant of the First order reaction, k = 1.80*10-2 s-1

Initial concentration of PH3, [A]₀ = 3.16*10-2 M

Reaction time, t = 99 s

Formula:

For a first order reaction:

[tex][A] = [A]_{0} e^{-kt}[/tex]

where [A] and [A]₀ are concentration of reactant at time t and t = 0

k = rate constant

For the given reaction"

[tex][A] = 3.16*10^{-2}  e^{-1.80*10^{-2} *99} = 5.32*10^{-3} M[/tex]

In the Beer-Lambert Law equation, what does the “b” represent?
Concentration

Absorption

y-intercept

Buoyancy

Thickness of solution

Answers

The answer is Thickness of solution.

The Beer-Lambert Law equation has the following form:

A=E×b×c

Where A is absorbance, E is the molar absorbtivity, b is the path length of the sample and c is the concentration of the compound in solution.

Lamber-Ber's law shows that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the species to be absorbed, as well as the length of the path. For example, if the length of the path is constant, the UV / VIS spectroscopy can be used to determine the concentration of the absorbent substance in the solution.


In the Beer-Lambert Law equation, “b” represents[tex]\boxed{{\text{thickness of solution}}}[/tex].

Further explanation:

Spectrophotometry is a method that is applied for measurement of absorbance of light in terms of intensity of light when light is allowed to pass through the solution sample. Spectrophotometer is the equipment or instrument that is employed for this purpose.

Beer-Lambert’s Law:

This law describes the relationship of absorbance with concentration and path length of solution. According to this law, absorbance of any solution is directly related to its concentration and optical path length. The expression for Lambert-Beer’s law is as follows:

[tex]{\text{A}} = {{\varepsilon bc}}[/tex]                                                                          …... (1)

Where,

A is absorbance of species.

[tex]{{\varepsilon }}[/tex]  is molar absorptivity of species.

b is optical path length or thickness of solution.

c is concentration of species.

If graph is plotted between absorption and concentration of solution, a straight line or linear graph is observed. But this linearity is lost at extremely high concentrations. This non-linearity can be due to several factors. Some of these include use of non-monochromatic radiations, scattering of light, phosphorescence or fluorescence of sample.

According to equation (1),“b” represents the thickness of the solution.

Learn more:

Classify the transitions as absorption or emission of light: https://brainly.com/question/1594022 What is the frequency of yellow light? https://brainly.com/question/5882803

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Beer-Lambert Law

Keywords: absorbance, Beer-lambert’s law, concentration, path length, solution, directly related, thickness of solution, molar absorptivity, A, b, c, spectrophotometry, spectrophotometer.

match the correct properties and characteristics of each type of rock?

Answers

sedimentary -deposition of material on Earth’s surface or in bodies of water
igneous- cooled magma
metamorphic-made of hard layers formed under high temperature and pressure

Sedimentary rocks are formed from the deposition of materials on Earth's surface or in bodies of water, often in easily weathered layers. Igneous rocks originate from cooled magma and can have various surface characteristics. Metamorphic rocks result from the transformation of existing rocks and are characterized by hard layers formed under high temperature and pressure.

Matching properties and characteristics to each type of rock:

A) cooled magma

Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten magma. This process can occur beneath the Earth's surface (intrusive) or at the surface (extrusive), giving rise to different textures within igneous rocks.

B) deposition of material on Earth's surface or in bodies of water

Sedimentary rocks are the result of the accumulation and compression of sediments, which can include minerals, organic materials, and even the remains of plants and animals. These sediments often accumulate in bodies of water or on Earth's surface, and over time, they become compacted and cemented into rock.

C) arises from the transformation of existing rocks

Metamorphic rocks are formed through the alteration of pre-existing rocks. This alteration typically occurs due to changes in temperature, pressure, or mineral composition. Metamorphism can result in the development of new minerals and textures within the rock.

D) made of layers that are weathered relatively easily

Sedimentary rocks often exhibit a layered or stratified structure. These layers, called bedding planes, can be prone to weathering and erosion because they are composed of smaller particles, making them susceptible to mechanical and chemical breakdown.

E) made of hard layers formed under high temperature and pressure

Metamorphic rocks, as a result of their formation from existing rocks undergoing high temperatures and pressures, tend to be harder and more resistant to weathering than sedimentary rocks. They often have a foliated texture with aligned minerals.

F) has a shiny surface throughout

Igneous rocks can exhibit a variety of surface characteristics, including a shiny appearance, but this attribute is not exclusive to them. The luster or shine of an igneous rock can vary based on its mineral composition, texture, and the presence of glassy or metallic minerals.

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The question probable may be:

Match the correct properties and characteristics to each type of rock.

sedimentary

igneous

metamorphic

A)) cooled magma

B))

deposition of material

on Earth’s surface or

in bodies of water

C))arises from

transformation

of existing rocks

D))made of layers that are

weathered relatively

easily

E))made of hard layers

formed under high

temperature

and pressure

F))has a shiny surface

throughout

What is the chemical symbol for element 2

Answers

Looking at the elements from period three, you can identify element 2 based on element 3. It shows that element 3 is Magnesium. The ionization energy increases as it goes from left to right.

Since Element 2 has a lower ionization, just think of an atom that is to the left of Magnesium because it has a lower ionization energy. The only atom to the left of Magnesium is Sodium. So element 2 is Na, or Sodium. 
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