Answer:
The CRA-cAMP complex increases the rate of expression of lac operon when glucose is absent and lactose is present as nutrient.
Explanation:
CRP is the catabolite gene activator protein that forms a complex with cAMP. The CRP-cAMP complex facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region of the lac operon. This robust binding as stimulated by CRP-cAMP complex is followed by the formation of open complex and initiation of gene expression.
Hence, the CRP-cAMP complex positively regulates the lac operon and increases its expression when glucose is not present.
The ________________ is best described as "an interconnected group of brain structures including parts of the frontal lobe-cortex, temporal lobe, thalamus, and hypothalamus, that is associated with learning, emotional experience, and behavior?"
Answer:
Limbic system
Explanation:
Limbic system is also known as paleomammalian cortex and located on the sides of thalamus. The cerebral cortex meets with the subcortical structure at the limbic system.
Limbic system is involved in learning, emotion, behavior and long term memory. This system interconnects the brain structure involving temporal lobe, frontal lobe-cortex and hypothalamus.
Thus, the answer is limbic system.
Synaptic vesicles at the neuromuscular junction contain
Explanation:
It contains multiple mitochondria and synaptic vesicles where the transmitter acetylcholine is stored
Answer:contains multiple mitochondria
Explanation:
Define convection
The exchange of heat by the emission of energy via electromagnetic waves
The exchange of heat between an animal’s body and the surfaces it is touching, such as the ground
The warming of tissue by the production of heat from metabolism
The loss of heat by the heat transferred from the body to water as it is converted from a liquid to a gas
The exchange of heat when heat is transferred to a fluid, such as air or water
Answer:
The exchange of heat when heat is transferred to a fluid, such as air or water.
1-. What energy source is directly used to drive the final enzyme in oxygenated, cellular respiration, the ATP synthase?
a. Proton Motive Force
b. Calvin cycle
c. Acetyl Co-A breakdown
d. Photosynthesis
Answer: a. Proton Motive Force
Explanation:
As a process presented in Bacteria, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts, the chemiosmosis is important to generate ATP from ADP. In this process, we have two main components an electrical potential and a proton concentration gradient, that act in a process called proton-motive force. The ignition starts via the movement of electrons with different energy states via electron carriers.
Assume that the red blood cell counts of women are normally distributed with a mean of 4.577 million cells per microliter and a standard deviation of 0.382 million cells per microliter. Approximately what percentage of women have red blood cell counts in the normal range from 4.2 to 5.4 million cells per microliter? Round to two decimal places. A. 16.11% B. 17.69% C. 82.26% D. 4.09%
Answer: C. 82.26%
Explanation:
Given : The red blood cell counts of women are normally distributed with
[tex]\mu=4.577\text{ million cells per microliter}[/tex]
[tex]\sigma=0.382\text{ million cells per microliter}[/tex]
Let X be the random variable that represents the red blood cell counts of randomly selected woman.
Z-score : [tex]z=\dfrac{X-\mu}{\sigma}[/tex]
For X=4.2
[tex]z=\dfrac{4.2-4.577}{0.382}\approx-0.99[/tex]
For X=5.4
[tex]z=\dfrac{5.4-4.577}{0.382}\approx2.1544[/tex]
Now, the probability that the women have red blood cell counts in the normal range from 4.2 to 5.4 million cells per microliter will be :-
[tex]P(4.2<X<5.4)=P(-0.99<z<2.15)\\\\=P(z<2.1544)-P(z<-0.99)\\\\=0.9843955-0.1618458=0.8225497\approx0.8226=82.26\%[/tex]
Hence, 82.26% of women have red blood cell counts in the normal range from 4.2 to 5.4 million cells per microliter.
Approximately 82.31% of women, when rounding to two decimal places, have red blood cell counts that fall within the normal range of 4.2 to 5.4 million cells per microliter. This is determined using z-scores and the normal distribution given the mean of 4.577 million cells/μl and the standard deviation of 0.382 million cells/μl.
Explanation:To find the percentage of women who have red blood cell counts in the normal range from 4.2 to 5.4 million cells per microliter, we use the concept of the normal distribution and standard deviation. The given mean for women is 4.577 million cells/μl, and the standard deviation is 0.382 million cells/μl.
First, we convert the values of the normal range to z-scores using the formula:
Z = (X - μ) / σ
For the lower range (X = 4.2 million cells/μl):
Z = (4.2 - 4.577) / 0.382 ≈ -0.99
For the upper range (X = 5.4 million cells/μl):
Z = (5.4 - 4.577) / 0.382 ≈ 2.15
Using a z-score table, we find the area under the curve to the left of z = -0.99, which is roughly 0.1611 (16.11%) and to the left of z = 2.15, which is roughly 0.9842 (98.42%). To find the percentage between the two z-scores, we subtract the area of the lower z-score from the upper z-score:
Percentage = 98.42% - 16.11% ≈ 82.31%
After rounding to two decimal places, we get 82.31% which is most similar to option C (82.26%).
Therefore, approximately 82.31% percent of women have red blood cell counts in the range from 4.2 to 5.4 million cells per microliter.
Groundwater pollution: a) Comes only from non-point pollution sources, like fertilizer runoff from farmland. b) Is readily detectable because the presence of pollutants is obvious from the water's taste or smell. c) Is very difficult to clean up once it has occurred. d) All of the choices are correct.
Groundwater pollution comes from both non-point and point sources, and isn't always easily detected through taste or smell. It's challenging to clean up due to the complexity of groundwater systems and the wide dispersal of pollutants.
Explanation:Groundwater pollution does often stem from non-point pollution sources like fertilizer runoff from farmland, although it's not exclusive to these sources. It can also originate from point sources, like sewer leaks or industrial discharge. Regarding detectability, groundwater pollution isn't always easily detected through taste or smell, and may require scientific testing for confirmation.
The complexity of groundwater systems and the wide dispersal of pollutants make cleanup extremely challenging. This implies that preventing groundwater pollution is far more effective and cost-efficient than trying to clean up pollution after it has occurred.
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1.) The headwaters of a stream are always located at a/an _______ elevation than the mouth of the stream.
2.) A stream’s velocity is _______ at the bottom and edges.
3.) A stream’s invisible _______ load represents (on average) about 15% of the mass of material transported.
4.) A stream with many rapids and waterfalls is likely a/an _______ stream.
5.) In a meander, water flowing around the outside of a curve flows _______ than water flowing around the inside of the curve.
6.) An oxbow lake can form near a/an _______ stream.
7.) A/An _______ is likely to form where a stream deposits sediment as it enters another body of water.
Answer:
higher
slowest
dissolved
youthful
faster
meandering
delta
Explanation:
Answer:
given below
Explanation:
1) higher
stream is located at higher location because of high head energy of the flow will be more.
2) small
at the bottom of the stream the energy head is small.
3) dissolved
dissolved invisible load will represent 15% of mass.
4) young
when the stream is young it has huge energy and the velocity is very high.
5) faster
water flowing outside the curve flow is faster than inside the curve.
6) meander
the zig zag movement of the river is called meander and the oxbow lake is found near meanders.
7) delta
delta is present when river falls in the oceans, all the river deposits sediments in the delta.
Heat loss is defined as…
evaporative heat loss + convective heat loss + radiative heat loss + conductive heat gain
evaporative heat gain + convective heat loss + conductive heat loss + radiative heat loss
evaporative heat loss + convective heat loss + conductive heat loss + radiative heat loss
evaporative heat loss + convective heat loss + conductive heat loss + radiative heat loss + metabolic heat loss
evaporative heat loss + radiative heat loss + convective heat gain + conductive heat gain
Answer:
evaporative heat loss + convective heat loss + conductive heat loss + radiative heat loss
Answer:
evaporative heat loss + convective heat loss + conductive heat loss + radiative heat loss
Explanation:
3. If a plant cell was placed in a solution which was HYPOtonic to the salinity of the cell itself, what would be the expected reaction? a. Water enters the cell c. Water released from central vacuole b. Water exits the cell d. Cell becomes less rigid
Answer:
Water will exit the cell!
Explanation:
Because the solution is HYPOtonic, meaning the outside of the solution has a lower concentration of molecules (be it water, sugar, etc), the water within in the cell will leave in order to even out of the concentrations within and outside the cell.
The formation of blood cells is a complex process. In most cases, the cells have been transformed ("morphed") from a previous cell type. The precursor cells from which each individual type of blood cell is formed through a series of maturation steps are called _________.
stem cells
progenitor cells
colony-forming units
blast cells
all of these choices
Answer:
The correct option is: (A) stem cells
Explanation:
The bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which is generally found in the spongy portions of the bones. In the bone marrow, all the blood cells are produced from the unspecialized precursor cells, which are known as the stem cells. Firstly, the stem cells divide and form the immature blood cells. These immature blood cells then further divide and mature to form the mature blood cells.
Therefore, the stem cells are the precursor cells which transform and mature to form the blood cells.
Explain the steps involved in the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Every time we move, the muscles contract and relax. Even for a few seconds, it is a fairly complex process.
The cells that make up the skeletal muscle are called muscle fibers or myofibers and are long cylindrical structures surrounded by a plasma membrane called sarcolemma.
Each muscle cells contains thousands of myofibrils, formed by thin filaments (actin) and thick filaments (myosin), which interact to produce shortening of the muscle, contraction.
Muscle contraction is the result of the molecular interaction that occurs between the proteins (actin and myosin) that form the filaments contractile, leading to a slippage of the fine filaments on the thick filaments.
It can be divided as follows:
- The calcium that is outside the muscle cell enters through the cell membrane.
- Calcium, already inside the muscle cell, joins the actin and makes it rotate so that it can be anchored.
- Actin binds to the myosin head, then inorganic phosphate comes out of the myosin head that produces a change in volume.
- This volume change of the myosin head causes it to change from 90 degrees to 45 degrees.
Muscle contraction begins with a neurotransmitter signal that depolarizes the muscle fiber, causing an action potential that releases calcium ions. The calcium ions interact with actin and myosin, leading to the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. The muscle fiber continues to shorten as long as calcium ions are present and ATP is available.
Explanation:The contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber involves the following steps. It begins with a signal from the motor neuron innervating that fiber. This signal is a neurotransmitter, Acetylcholine (ACh), which triggers depolarization of the local membrane of the fiber. This depolarization leads to an action potential that spreads to the rest of the membrane, including the T-tubules. The action potential triggers the release of calcium ions (Ca++) from storage in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).
Once released, the Ca++ ions interact with the shielding proteins, making the actin-binding sites available for attachment by myosin heads. This attachment forms a cross-bridge between actin and myosin, leading to what is known as the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. The myosin pulls the actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere, causing the muscle fiber to shorten. This process will continue as long as Ca++ ions remain in the sarcoplasm and ATP is available.
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If a volcano were to erupt and release large amounts of ash into the air, how would this affect the climate on Earth? a. The ash would increase the greenhouse gases, thus increasing temperature. b. The ash would decrease the albedo and increase the global temperature. c. The ash would increase the albedo and decrease the global temperature. d. The ash would decrease the greenhouse gases, thus decreasing temperature.
Answer:
c. The ash would increase the albedo and decrease the global temperature
Explanation:
The volcanoes play a big role in the global climate, and it is manifested in two contrasting ways. From one side, the volcanoes, through their eruptions, release lot of greenhouse gasses, thus warming up the planet. On the other side, the volcanoes also release lot of ashes in the atmosphere, thus decreasing the global temperature. It all depends on the type of eruption. The volcanoes that have massive eruptions through which they propel lot of ash in the atmosphere, manage to create a cover in the atmosphere, which in turn acts like a barrier between the sunlight and the surface, increasing the albedo. By increasing the albedo in the atmosphere, the global temperatures will drop, as smaller amount of sunlight will reach the surface.
Mitosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of _____; meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of _____. four haploid cells ... two diploid cells two diploid cells ... two diploid cells four diploid cells ... four haploid cells two diploid cells ... four haploid cells two diploid cells ... two haploid cells
Answer: two diploid cells two diploid cells
Explanation:
There are two types of division, mitosis (equational = each parent cell produces two daughter cells genetically identical) and meiosis (reductive = each mother cell produces four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes). Mitosis is divided into steps:
Interphase: The chromatin filaments duplicate;
Prophase: At this stage, the chromosomes begin to become visible due to spiraling; The nucleoli begin to disappear; The centrioles begin to spindle fibers that will help in cell division. The core absorbs water, swells, and clutters the nuclear membrane.
Metaphase: The chromosomes are very visible as they reach the maximum of spiraling; The chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers in the equatorial region of the cell next to each other;
Anaphase: The spindle fibers begin to shorten, and as a result, each filament is pulled to the cell poles.
Telophase: The chromosomes begin to spiral out; The nucleoli and the nuclear membrane begin to appear, And the centrioles are already located in pairs in each daughter cell.
Cytokinesis: It is the breakdown of the cell in two. In animals, it occurs from the outside in (centripetal) and in vegetables from the inside to outside (centrifuge).
Answer:
two diploid cells
Explanation:
Which of these structures forms the channel that sound travels through to reach the eardrum?
Select one:
a. auditory tube
b. external auditory canal
c. malleus
d. incus
Answer: External auditory canal
Explanation: External auditory canal or external acoustic meatus is a passage that leads from the outside head to the eardrum of ear.
The structure of external auditory canal is same in all the mammals, slightly curved tube extending from the outer ear towards eardrum.
This canal is almost 2.5 cm in length with some hairs and sweat glands on the outer side to prevent insects from entering into the ear.
So, the correct answer is external auditory canal.
List, in order, all the vessels blood must flow through to get from the abdominal aorta into the kidney and back to the inferior vena cava.
So, the complete path is:
Abdominal AortaRenal ArteryKidneyRenal VeinInferior Vena CavaTo trace the path of the blood from the abdominal aorta to the kidney and back to the inferior vena cava, let's list the vessels in the correct order:
Abdominal Aorta: The journey starts from the abdominal aorta, a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the lower part of the body.Renal Artery: Blood flows from the abdominal aorta into the renal artery.Kidney: Once the blood reaches the kidney via the renal artery, it undergoes filtration. The kidney removes waste products from the blood.Renal Vein: The filtered blood leaves the kidney through the renal vein.Inferior Vena Cava: Finally, the blood from the renal vein flows into the inferior vena cava, which carries blood back to the heart.Explain the significance of blast cells in the peripheral blood.
Answer: Each cell is formed from a precursor cell. Blast cells are found in bone marrow. Blast cells are the precursors of blood cells like neutrophils,monocytes, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes. Usually blast cells are present in blood in low count.
High count of Blast cells shows abnormalities. As they are the precursors so high number of precursors cells shows less formation of blood cells. High count of Blast cells may lead to AML( Acute Myeloid Leukemia). AML patient have to go through CBC(complete blood count) Test to check abnormalities.
Explanation:
The region between the tip and the shaft of a long bone is the ______________.
Answer:
The region between the tip and the shaft of a long bone is the metaphysis.
Explanation:
The metaphysis contains the growth plate, which is the part of the bone that grows during childhood. As it grows it starts to get harder along the tip and the shaft of the long bone.
What is the pH of a 0.1μΜ solution of HCl?
Answer:
The pH of a solution containing 0.1μΜ H+ is 7
Explanation:
The pH of any solution is given by the following mathematical equation -
[tex]pH = -log[H_{+}]\\[/tex]----------- Equation (A)
Where,
[tex]H_{+}[/tex] = the concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution.
Given
[tex]H_{+} = 0.1 micro meter= 0.1 * 10^{-6} meter= 10^{-7} meter[/tex]
Substituting the given value in equation (A) , we get -
[tex]pH = -log[10^{-7}][/tex]
[tex]= -(-7)\\= 7[/tex]
Hence, The pH of a solution containing 0.1μΜ solution is 7
What is the process by which individuals regain neurological function following an injury to the nervous system?
Answer:
Neuroregeneration is the process by which individuals regain neurological function following an injury to the nervous system
Explanation:
The body cell repairs or regenerates by the process of Neuroregeneration. The process allows formation of new neuron cells. The neuroregeneration process is different in PNS and CNS. During accidents, falls or assaults, this process starts generating new cells (neurons) and repairing of tissues present in the nervous system. The PNS composed of spinal and cranial nerves. The CNS composed of spinal cord and brain.
Neuroplasticity allows individuals to regain neurological function following an injury by creating new neural connections or rewiring existing ones. Option b is correct.
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to damage, creating new neural connections or rewiring existing ones. This process can involve various mechanisms such as the creation of new synapses, the pruning of unused synapses, changes in glial cells, and the birth of new neurons.
For example, after a stroke, the brain has the capacity to 'rewire' itself to compensate for lost functions by strengthening other neural pathways. Although this capacity is more pronounced in children, adult brains are also capable of significant changes. Environmental factors like stimulation, as well as internal factors like hormones and genes, can influence the extent of neuroplasticity.
Neuronal recovery varies between the central and peripheral nervous systems. While neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) typically do not regenerate, peripheral neurons often regrow, which is why sensations can gradually return after peripheral nerve injuries such as deep cuts on the skin.
NeuroplasticityNeuronal recoveryPeripheral neuronsComplete question as follows:
What is the process by which individuals regain neurological function following an injury to the nervous system?.
a. axon regeneration
b. neuroplasticity
Colony stimulating factors will result in A. platelet production B. fibrinolysis C. white blood cell production D. the production of thrombin E. vascular spasm
Answer:
(C). white blood cell production
Explanation:
CSFs (colony stimulating factors) are glycoproteins that activate intracelluar pathways and promote proliferation of hemopoietic stem cell to form immune cells (white blood cells).
CSFs are released in response to infection and interacts with blood stem cells to produce new immune cells. These resulting new immune cells create an army of cells to fight against the infection and provide immunity.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
What is the difference between an endocrine and an exocrine gland?
Answer:
The difference between an Endocrine and an Exocrine Gland is that Exocrine Gland are those glands that pour their product of secretion to the outside of the body ( have secretion channels) and Endocrine Glands are those that pour their product of secretion (hormones) into the bloodstream ( have no secretion channels).
Explanation:
The glands are structures that can be constituted by one or several cells, and that are formed from epithelial tissue. Their function is to secrete various substances, such as hormones, and they are classified as endocrine and exocrine, according to the place where they discharge their secretions.
The Endocrine Glands are very vascular structures, that is, irrigated by a large network of blood capillaries, thin and porous walls. These glands produce hormones that are poured directly into the bloodstream and transported by the blood vessels to the target tissues, where they come to perform their function. According to the chemical nature of the hormones produced by the endocrine glands, the organelles of the cells that constitute them can reach different degrees of development. For example the pancreas secretes insulin, which allows the body to regulate blood sugar levels.
The Exocrine Glands secrete substances through ducts directed to the surface of the body or to the interior of some organs. For example, exocrine glands are mucus-producing goblet cells, present in mucosal epithelia such as the lining of the intestine, and the sweat, sebaceous, and mammary glands. Tears are also produced by exocrine glands.
Which of the following components of the sarcomere is an ATPase?
a. actin
b. tropomyosin
c. troponin
d. myosin
e. alpha actinin
Answer:
D. Myosin
Explanation:
The ATP binding site at myosin also have ATPase activity and can carry out hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate. The energy released during the ATP hydrolysis by ATPase activity of myosin is required to change the position of myosin head into the docked position to allow further movement.
The component of the sarcomere with ATPase activity is myosin. Through its ATPase activity, myosin hydrolyzes ATP to allow for muscle contraction.
Explanation:The component of the sarcomere that is an ATPase is d. myosin. Myosin, a motor protein, is the molecule that interacts with actin to cause muscle contraction.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) attached to myosin is hydrolyzed, a process catalyzed by the ATPase activity of myosin. This releases energy and gives the myosin 'head' the ability to bind to actin, which enables muscle movement.
Unlike actin, tropomyosin, troponin, and alpha-actinin, myosin can bind and hydrolyze ATP, making it singular in its character within the structure of the sarcomere.
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Where are ganglia of the parasympathetic division located?
Answer: The parasympathetic ganglia spread out diffusely in the vicinity of the viscera, they are located near the organ.
Explanation:
The autonomic peripheral nervous system can be subdivided into three subsystems: sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric system, based on anatomy and functions. Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the sacral marrow, in the segments from S2 to S4, in the intermediate-lateral column that the parasympathetic autonomic ganglia are located, very close to or in the organ itself.
List 4 pathogenic viruses and the diseases they cause in human.
Explanation:
some of the example of bacterial diseases are syphills,pneumonia,tetanus,and tuberculosis.diseases cause by viruses are chickenpox,small pox,measles,polio.
How does RNA leader sequence affect Trp operon syst
Answer:
The base pairing of complementary regions of RNA leader sequence determines if the transcription will be attenuated at the end of leader sequence or will continue for structural genes.
Explanation:
The RNA leader sequence of trp operon is the site where the transcription is initiated.
When tryptophan levels are high, translation of sequence 1 of the leader sequence is followed by base pairing between the complementary 3 and 4 regions of the leader sequence. The base pairing forms a terminator like attenuator and stops the expression of structural genes.
When tryptophan is not present, ribosome pauses at tryptophan codon of region 1 of the leader sequence. Hence, the regions 2 and 3 of the leader sequence base pair and prevents the formation of attenuator by not allowing the region 3 to pair with region 4.
In a monohybrid cross of corn plants, purple seeds (P) are dominant to yellow (Y). Both parents in the original cross are homozygous. One has purple seeds, and one has yellow seeds. What is the genotype of the purple plant?
The genotype of the purple plant would be PP,
The genotype of an organism generally refers to the genetic composition of the organism. Each gene is represented by 2 alleles, otherwise known as alternative forms of genes.
When the same alleles represent a gene, such gene is said to be homzygous, but when the alleles are different, such genes are said to be heterozygous.
In this case, the purple seed allele is represented by P and the purple parent is said to be homzygous. Hence, the genotype would definitely be PP.
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Final answer:
The genotype of the purple plant is PP, with two copies of the dominant allele for purple seeds.
Explanation:
In a monohybrid cross of corn plants, purple seeds (P) are dominant to yellow (Y). Both parents in the original cross are homozygous. One has purple seeds, and one has yellow seeds. The genotype of the purple plant can be determined as PP, since both parents are homozygous and the purple color is dominant. This means that the purple plant has two copies of the dominant allele for purple seeds.
Explain the relationship of the types of muscle fibers to muscle performance.
Answer:
The human skeletal system, and the muscles themselves, are the ones responsible for movement, warmth, metabolism, posture, and other things.
Our muscles are long stretches of fibers composed by sarcomeres that form our skeletal muscle system. Each of these fibers are joined together into fascicles, and each of them are characterized by the fact that they can either be of a fast twitching capacity (FT), or a slow twitching capacity (ST). As such, according to research, human beings have in their muscles two major types of fibers, the ST, which when looked histologically are stained red, and the FT, further subdivided into FTa and FTb, depending on their metabolic response, and which usually show white or pale on the microscope.
In regards to muscle performance, these three types of fibers, and their presence in the skeletal muscle system of a person will ensure the better, or lack of good, muscle performance when in exercise. Usually, under certain circumstances, por example, exercise, a person who has muscle training, will show a higher volume of ST fibers, and will have lesser exposure to muscle fatigue, which will make them more fit to longer extensions of exercise exposure. Whereas people with lesser training will present more incidence of FT fibers, especially those that work better under anaerobic conditions. These people, when exposed to exercise, will have faster muscle responses, but, fatigue will set in much faster too, because the aerobic process takes longer to set in, as the muscles are not trained.
Select the incorrect statement concerning the hypothalamus. It serves as the CNS control center for the autonomic nervous system. It is important in the CNS regulation of endocrine systems. Because it is isolated, drugs of abuse are less likely to affect the hypothalamus than other brain areas. It is important in maintaining homeostasis in the body.
Answer:
Option (3).
Explanation:
Hypothalamus is located at the base of a brain and divided into anterior, posterior and middle regions. These three regions work together to control the vital functions of the body.
Hypothalamus regulate the endocrine system, maintains homeostasis and control center of autonomic nervous system. Hypothalamus is not isolated and drugs abuse affects the hypothalamus region of the brain.
Thus, the correct answer is option (3).
27. What is the major reactant needed for the Citric Acid Cycle (aka Krebs Cycle)?
a. Pyruvate
c. Chlorophyll A
b. Acetyl Co-A
D. Water
Answer: b. Acetyl Co-A
Explanation:
Acetyl CoA produced through pyruvate, amino acids, and fatty acids are oxidized in the Krebs cycle in CO2, obtaining as products NADH, FADH2 and GTP (ATP). Parallel to this oxidation, the Krebs cycle produces compounds used as precursors for biosynthesis. As it is a cycle, an oxaloacetate molecule could, in principle, oxidize an amount indefinite of acetyl CoA. Acetyl-CoA is formed from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, sequentially performed by pyruvate dehydrogenase -PDH (complex multi enzymatic of 3 enzymes), in the mitochondrial matrix.
2. If you can roll your tongue,
a) you have at least one copy of the dominant allele T
b) you have two copies of the recessive allele t
c) you must be male
d) you are haploid
Ans:
(A). You have at least one copy of the dominant allele T
Explanation:
Tongue rolling is the capability of individual to roll the tongue upwards in a tube-like structure. The muscles in the tongue allow this rolling movement.
Tongue rolling is related with genetic inheritance. Different genotype determines rolling of tongue. Individual with dominant allele(T) either heterozygous dominant(Tt) alleles or homozygous dominant(TT) alleles shows the tongue rolling trait. The homozygous recessive genotype will not show tongue rolling trait. So, tongue rolling trait is determined by a dominant allele.
Thus, the correct answer is option(A).