How does exposure to chemicals that cause mutations increase the risk of developing cancer? carcinogens can cause mutations in genes. hazardous chemicals can damage proto-oncogenes. carcinogens can cause abnormal protein synthesis. the rate of cancer causing mutations increases with age. hazardous chemicals can damage tumor suppressor genes?

Answers

Answer 1

Hazardous chemicals can damage proto-oncogenes; B.

Related Questions

Into which group would you place a unicellular organism that has 70s ribosomes and a peptidoglycan cell wall

Answers

I think its bacteria

Dna is comprised of smaller segments of genes that code for the production of a specific protein. the role of rna polymerase in the initiation step of transcription is to

Answers

A. bind and unwind the double helix.
B. recognize the promoter sequence of the gene.
C. determine where gene synthesis will start.
✓ D. all of the above

Final answer:

RNA polymerase initiates transcription by binding to the promoter region on DNA, unwinding it, and then synthesizing a complementary RNA strand. Uracil is incorporated into RNA rather than thymine. This enzyme catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds to extend the RNA strand.

Explanation:

The role of RNA polymerase in the initiation step of transcription is to bind to a specific region on the DNA called the promoter. This action signals the DNA to unwind, allowing RNA polymerase to read the template DNA strand and synthesize a complementary strand of RNA. Transcription begins with RNA polymerase establishing the initiation site without the need for a primer, which is different from DNA replication. Unlike DNA nucleotides, which use thymine, RNA includes uracil nucleotides (U) in place of thymine (T). Once RNA polymerase has bound to the DNA at the promoter, it then catalyzes the joining of ribonucleotides, which form the backbone of the RNA strand, by creating phosphodiester bonds, elongating the transcript as it goes.

How could restrictions on mitosis harm an organism

Answers

Mitosis is the process where by cells divide to produce genetically identical clones. This is how organisms exhibit growth so a restriction could cause stunted growth - creating a genetic disadvantage e.g. in competition for food.

Final answer:

Restrictions on mitosis can lead to developmental issues, hindered tissue repair and regeneration, and increased likelihood of cancerous growths. Errors in mitosis during development can cause chromosomal abnormalities, affecting tissues or organs. Mitotic restrictions also weaken the organism's ability to combat diseases and may accelerate aging.

Explanation:

Restrictions on mitosis could harm an organism in various ways. Mitosis is essential for an organism's growth, repair, and general maintenance of tissue health. Without proper mitotic activity, or with mitosis happening at a reduced rate, the organism might not grow properly, which could lead to developmental issues as well as hindered ability to repair and regenerate tissues.

Moreover, if a cell undergoes mitosis with damaged or mutated DNA, there is an increased likelihood of pathological mutations that could result in cancerous growths, affecting the organism's health. During organismal development, errors in mitosis can lead to stem cells with chromosomal aberrations, potentially causing developmental abnormalities in tissues or organs.

Furthermore, mitosis is crucial for maintaining the body's ability to combat diseases through the replacement of old and worn-out cells. If mitosis is unduly restricted, the organism's capacity to replace these cells is compromised, potentially leading to accelerated aging or susceptibility to various diseases.

When looking at the fossil record, similarities in anatomical structures can be seen. what is the term for the common ancestry?

Answers

Macroevolution. It is an evolution that is viewed above the level of species. This can be used to assess the diversity of the entire clade and the position to the tree. It encompasses the grandest trends and the transformation in the evolution. This can be done by by reconstructing the natural history of life using the evidences that can be found such as geology, fossils, and compared it to current living organisms. This can only be seen when we look on the large scale of life history.

What is the main difference between weather and climate?
A. The location of the conditions being measured
B. The length of time over which the conditions are measured
C. The predictability of the conditions
D. The severity of the conditions

Answers

When people think about weather they think about short-term changes in the atmosphere.
B. The length of time over which the conditions are measured

Answer: B. The length of time over which the conditions are measured.

Explanation:

The climate can be define as the average state of the weather condition of a region that is estimated to be the same for approximately 30 years. That is it describes the atmospheric condition for a long duration. The weather can be define as the condition of the atmosphere of short period of time.

All restriction sites are palindromic. what does this mean?

Answers

I think this means that nucleotide sequences at the restriction sites are the same when read forward or backward. Restriction sites, or restriction recognition sites, are locations on a DNA molecule containing specific (4-8 base pairs in length) sequences of nucleotides, which are recognized by restriction enzymes. Palindromic sequence is a nucleic acid sequence on double-stranded DNA or RNA wherein reading 5' to 3' forward on one strand matches the sequence reading 5' to 3' on the complementary strand with which it forms a double strand.

Restriction sites being palindromic means they read the same in both directions on complementary DNA strands, a feature used by restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific points for genetic engineering.

All restriction sites being palindromic means that their sequence of bases reads the same in the 5' to 3' direction on one strand of DNA as it does in the 5' to 3' direction on the complementary strand. For example, the restriction enzyme known as Hind III recognizes a specific palindromic sequence which is the same forward on one strand and backward on the complementary strand. This feature is crucial for the function of restriction enzymes, which are tools used by molecular biologists to cut DNA at specific sites. The ability of these enzymes to recognize and cleave palindromic sequences allows for the precise manipulation of DNA during cloning and genetic engineering processes. The palindromic nature ensures that the cut, or cleavage, creates predictable and complementary overhangs, often referred to as 'sticky ends'. These sticky ends can then be used to bind or 'ligate' DNA fragments together in a desired sequence, facilitating DNA recombination.

When stimulated by the binding of specific chemicals, the membranes of taste bud receptors and olfactory neurons?

Answers

The answer is depolarization. Depolarization is the influx of cations, especially sodium ions, from the extracellular fluid into the neuron cell hence generation an electrical impulse along a neuron. The resting potential of neurons is -70mV. When depolarized, the electronegativity in the inside of the neuron cell reduces.

Taste bud receptors if not stimulated are normally polarized. With the presence of the food, chemicals from the food bind with the cell protein which depolarized the cell membrane receptor. Depolarization will lead into the propagation of electric impulse. This will lead into the creation of sensory impulse. The larger number of the chemicals in the food will lead into a stronger impulse.

For which of these questions could a testable hypothesis be developed? Check all that apply.
Are gases better than solids?
Do different liquids freeze at the same rate?
Do cookies taste better when they are baked in a gas oven or an electric oven?
Does temperature affect the strength of a magnet?
Does the color of water affect how fast it evaporates?

Answers

Do different liquids freeze at the same rate
Does temperature affect the strength of a magnet
Does the colour of water affect how fast it evaporates

These can all be tested

The correct answer is:

Do different liquids freeze at the same rate

Does temperature affect the strength of a magnet

Does the colour of water affect how fast it evaporates

Explanation:

A testable hypothesis is a hypothesis that can be proved or denied as a result of testing, data collection, or experience. Only testable hypotheses can be used to interpret and perform an experiment by applying the scientific method.

The nurse provides discharge instructions to a client who had a rhinoplasty. which instructions should the nurse share with the client

Answers

to sleep on the back using one pillow under the head.

Answer:

Rhinoplasty refers to a nose job or a surgery done on the nose to modify its shape or to better its function. It can be performed for medical purposes, like to correct the breathing issues associated with the nose or to amend the deformity originated due to birth defects or trauma. While handling a client who had a rhinoplasty the nurse should instruct the client to sleep on the back using one pillow underneath the head.

We are blood vessels that send blood back towards your heart. most of the blood we carry doesn't have much oxygen left in it. what is this?

Answers

veins carry blood to the heart while arteries carry blood away from the heart distributing it throughout the body.

The process by which the products of weathering are transported is called

Answers

It's erosion. Hope it helps

1. Of the six species of seals found in Antarctica, four of them breed on the actual ice in the spring months. Which species of seal or ice expert?
A. Crab eater, leopard, harbor, elephant
B. Crab eater, leopard, fur, elephant
C. Crab eater, wedded, Ross, leopard
D. Ross, wedded, leopard, fur

2. Ice that forms and then melts seasonally around the coast of Antarctica is best described as
A. Oceanic ice
B. Glacial ice
C. Sea ice
D. Continental ice

3. All of the factors below play a role in creating ocean currents. Which factor has the greatest influence on weather patterns?
A. Earth’s rotation
B. Heat capacity
C. Salinity
D. Bottom topography

4. Cold water upwelling help increase the number of organisms in an area by bringing
A. Warm water to the area
B. More predators
C. More nutrients from the bottom
D. Warm water nutrients from the top

5. What is the difference between El Niño and La Niña?

6. Which of the following statements about sea surface temperature is evidence of La Niña year?
A. It is greater than normal in the Eastern Pacific
B. It is lower than normal is the Western Pacific
C. It is greater than normal in the Western Pacific
D. It is lower than normal in the Eastern Pacific
E. Normal Pattern

7. Why is it beneficial to use names for hurricanes over latitude-longitude identification methods?

8. Which of the following organisms does NOT rely on krill as a major food source?
A. Adélie penguins
B. Leopard seal
C. Humpback whale
D. Squid

9. Adélie penguins feed mostly on krill but switch to fish during the breeding season and then to squid during the winter. What is a good explanation for this?
A. Fish and squid are more abundant, and krill is more scarce
B. Fish and squid provide more energy than krill
C. Fish and squid is more abundant, and krill is more available
D. Fish and squid is preferred but is not as available during the other months

10. All of the following are ways the penguins stay warm EXCEPT
A. Swimming fast
B. Fat reserves
C. Layers of feathers
D. Staying close together in groups

11. The population of penguins has increased greatly over the past several decades. Part of this can be attributed to the over-hunting of baleen whales. Develop a logical argument for why these two occurrences can be connected.

Answers

1) I believe the answer is C. Weddell and Crab eater seal usually form breeding groups or colonies when breeding. The Leopard and Ross seals are solitary when breeding. Antarctic and elephant seals on the other hand breed in dense groups on beaches when breeding.

2) I think the C. Sea ice is frozen water that forms, grows and melts in the ocean.It occurs both in the arctic and antarctic. The sea ice grows during the winter months and melts during the summer months making it a seasonal ice. Areas with sea ice do not absorb much light because sunlight that strike it are reflected back into space.

3) The answer is C. Heat capacity. When the sun heats the surface evaporation of water occurs. The water vapor is lifted into the atmosphere using heat currents. The water vapor combines with dust particles to form clouds which later rain.

4) I think the answer is C. The cold water is denser and thus is moves to the bottom(downwelling). Water that is rich in nutrients then moves up to the surface to replace the cold water. The increased nutrients trigger the growth of organisms like the algae.

5) What is the difference between El nino and La nina. I believe El Nino is the warm phase of ENSO while La Nina is the cold phase of ENSO. El Nino usually brings rainfall and warmth to western pacific regions and coldness and dryness to the eastern pacific region while La Nina brings coldness in the eastern pacific regions and heavy rains that cause floods in the western pacific.

6) The answer is C. During the La Nina year the sea surface temperature is greater than normal in the Western pacific. The La Nina is an exaggeration of the usual seasonal cool cycle unlike El Nino which is an exaggeration of the warm cycle. The La Nina year occurs after some El Nino years.

7) Names for hurricane are beneficial over latitude longitude identification because they are easier to remember. They avoid confusion which is more likely when using latitude longitude identification.They also help to spread awareness and are much easier to track.

8)The answer is B. The leopard is the second largest seal that have powerful jaws and long teeth. They use these teeth to kill smaller seals, fish and squid. They also feed on penguins. This is why they do not rely on krill as a major food source.

9) I believe the answer is A. The Adelie penguins feed mostly on krill but switch to fish during breeding because fish and squid are more abundant and krill is more scarce. I think this is because during the breeding season birds spend short periods at sea and hence more fish is available.

10) The answer is A. Due to the fact that penguins live in cold environments, they have adopted a few features to keep them warm. These features include fat under their skin,layers of features and staying together in groups. Penguins swim fast in order to launch themselves in the air.

11) The population of penguins have greatly increased due to the hunting of baleen whales. Baleen whales are know to eat krill and fishes. This means when there is a reduction of the baleen whales there will be an increase in the amount of krill and fish. This will result to an increase in the amount of penguins since food availability will increase increasing their chances of survival.

If a scientist knows the relative age of a fossil, he can also know
A.
the relative age of the rock where it was found.
B.
how it became extinct.
C.
how long the organism was alive.
D.
the type of climate from which it came.

Answers

A. The relative age of the rock around it.
The reason for that is because when it died it had rock form around it and the rock is the same basic age of the rock.

During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter d?

Answers

I believe it is called an appositional growth
it is a type of Growth in width which involves the adding of layers of lamellar (compact) bone along the bone's outer surface. This process of growth by "layering" is termed appositional growth and is distinct from growth by expansion of the interior matrix (interstitial growth).

PLZ DON'T GUESS Which of the following conditions would likely prevent the assembly and survival of new kinds of organic molecules on Earth today?

A) the supply of atoms that serve as raw material
B) the light and warmth from the sun
C) the presence of bacteria and other life forms
D) the presence of carbon dioxide

Answers

The presence of bacteria and other life forms would likely prevent the assembly and survival of new kinds of organic molecules on Earth today.

What are the characteristics of bacteria?

Bacteria are commonplace, free-living organisms that typically only have one biological cell. Prokaryotic microorganisms include a large number of them.

Small, single-celled organisms are called bacteria. Bacteria are essential to the ecosystems of the planet and can be found almost everywhere. Temperature and pressure extremes are not unheard of for some species.

Bacteria share three notable characteristics: they are unicellular, lack membrane-bound organelles, and are typically microscopic in size. Some prokaryotes are archaea, which are biologically distinct from bacteria but share some physical characteristics with them.

Learn more about bacteria:

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Which is always true about the distance of a planet from the Sun?

a. The farther from the Sun, the shorter a planet’s revolution.
b. The farther from the Sun, the longer a planet’s revolution.
c. The farther from the Sun, the shorter a planet’s rotation.
d. The farther from the Sun, the longer a planet’s rotation.

Answers

The answer is B. A planet distant from the sun has a longer elliptical path around the sun that one closer to the sun. An analogy is that if you draw a circle with a larger diameter (straight distance from sun as center to the planet) then the bigger the diameter of the circle (elliptical path).

A nurse is assessing a client who comes to the clinic for care. which findings in this client suggest bacterial pneumonia?

Answers

The answer are Dyspnea and wheezing. It is lungs air sacks become inflamed, a common lung infection called pneumonia. The causes of this pneumonia is viruses, fungi or bacteria. The air sacs is also filled with fluid, pus and cellular debris. There are many ways why a child or a person catches bacterial pneumonia, one of those is the spread via air-borne droplets from a cough or sneeze.

Answers

1) The answer is C. Weddell and Crab eater seal usually form breeding groups or colonies when breeding. The Leopard and Ross seals are solitary when breeding. Antarctic and elephant seals on the other hand breed in dense groups on beaches when breeding.

2) The answer is C. Sea ice is frozen water that forms, grows and melts in the ocean.It occurs both in the arctic and antarctic. The sea ice grows during the winter months and melts during the summer months making it a seasonal ice. Areas with sea ice do not absorb much light because sunlight that strike it are reflected back into space.

3) The answer is C. Heat capacity. When the sun heats the surface evaporation of water occurs. The water vapour is lifted into the atmosphere using heat currents. The water vapour combines with dust particles to form clouds which later rain.

4) The answer is C. The cold water is denser and thus is moves to the bottom(downwelling). Water that is rich in nutrients then moves up to the surface to replace the cold water. The increased nutrients trigger the growth of organisms like the algae.

5) What is the difference between El nino and La nina.
El Nino is the warm phase of ENSO while La Nina is the cold phase of ENSO. El Nino usually brings rainfall and warmth to western pacific regions and coldness and dryness to the eastern pacific region while La Nina brings coldness in the eastern pacific regions and heavy rains that cause floods in the western pacific.

6) The answer is C. During the La Nina year the sea surface temperature is greater than normal in the Western pacific. The La Nina is an exaggeration of the usual seasonal cool cycle unlike El Nino which is an exaggeration of the warm cycle. The La Nina year occurs after some El Nino years.

7) Names for hurricane are beneficial over latitude longitude identification because they are easier to remember. They avoid confusion which is more likely when using latitude longitude identification.They also help to spread awareness and are much easier to track.

8)The answer is B. The leopard is the second largest seal that have powerful jaws and long teeth. They use these teeth to kill smaller seals, fish and squid. They also feed on penguins. This is why they do not rely on krill as a major food source.

9) The answer is A. The adelie penguins feed mostly on krill but switch to fish during breeding because fish and squid are more abundant and krill is more scarce. I think this is because during the breeding season birds spend short periods at sea and hence more fish is available.

10) The answer is A. Due to the fact that penguins live in cold environments, they have adopted a few features to keep them warm. These features include fat under their skin,layers of features and staying together in groups. Penguins swim fast in order to launch themselves in the air.

11) The population of penguins have greatly increased due to the hunting of baleen whales. Baleen whales are know to eat krill and fishes. This means when there is a reduction of the baleen whales there will be an increase in the amount of krill and fish. This will result to an increase in the amount of penguins since food availability will increase increasing their chances of survival.

A. how do fossils help document the descent of modern species from ancient ancestors?

Answers

They help in that, many recently discovered fossils form series that trace the evolution of modern species from extinct ancestors. Patterns in the distribution of living and fossil species tell us how modern organisms evolved from their ancestors. Evolutionary theory explains the existence of homologous structures adapted to different purposes as a result of descent with modification from a common ancestor.

Part a - bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan is a polymer of millions of n-acetylglucosamine (nag) and n-acetylmuramic acid (nam) sugars based on glucose molecules linked together in long chains cross-braced with four amino acids that link individual polymer chains together in a chain-link fence pattern. layers of cross-braced nag and nam sheets are stacked vertically and held together by proteins with lipid anchors attached to the cell's cytoplasmic membrane to form a scaffold of sugars and proteins that is able to hold the bacterial cell's shape, even in response to extreme osmotic pressures. how would you expect a microbiology student to be able to describe the composition of peptidoglycan? what is the composition of the peptidoglycan layers found in the cell wall of bacteria?

Answers

I believe the appropriate answer is, short amino acid chains, NAG, NAM, and some lipid proteins.
Peptidoglycan is also known as Murein, it is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that form a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall. The sugar component consist of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM),

Describe the trend you see in the data for atmospheric pollutants prior to 1970.

Answers

The pollutants in 1970 were the highest since recorded history and are declining steadily.

1970 is the highest bc of where it is located at

Which of the lettered structures houses receptors for sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastes?

Answers

Attached is the image concerned for this question.

The correct answer is letter "C" as this corresponds to gustatory epithelial cells. Gustatory epithelial cells are also called receptor cells and these receive the taste information from the food and sends it to the primary gustatory cortex of the brain responsible for taste sensation.

Letter A corresponds to taste fibers of cranial nerve
Letter B corresponds to basal epithelial cells
Letter D corresponds to the taste pore

What type of polymer is made by bonding an alkene to one or more alkanes or alkenes? A. di-polymers B. multi-polymers C. addition polymers D. subtraction polymers

Answers

Hello!

The type of polymer that is made by bonding an alkene to one or more alkanes or alkenes is called addition polymer

Addition polymers are those whose polymerization reaction doesn't produce low molecular mass compounds but the bonding of molecules one after the other. Such a reaction implies that there is a rupture in the bonding between monomers (the building blocks of the polymer) to allow the formation of a chain.

Bonding an alkene to one or more alkanes or alkenes is an example of an addition polymerization.

Have a nice day!

What important macromolecule is contained in the nucleus?

Answers

Chromatin is a complex macromolecule which consists of DNA, RNA and protein.
Hope this helps

Answer:

Dna

Explanation:

Cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions is called

Answers

I believe that the cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions is called aquafarming.

A class activity to study human cheek cells, a student takes a cotton swab and gently scrapes the inside of her mouth. In order to view the cheek cells using a compound microscope, what tool will the student need ?

A. Glass slide
B. Petri dish
C. Pipette
D. Scalpel

Answers

D.scalpel hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhnnnnnnn

How do plankton differ from nekton? plankton are floaters. plankton are strong swimmers. plankton live on the ocean bottom. plankton are carnivores?

Answers

The answer is plankton are floaters. Plankton and nekton are both marine aquatic organisms. The main difference between the two is that plankton tend to float and be carried by water currents while nekton are organisms that swim against the current of the water. Plankton are passive swimmers while neekton are active swimmers.

Answer: Plankton are floaters

Explanation:

That's correct.

Olfactory information is first received by which part of the brain? olfactory information is first received by which part of the brain? thalamus cerebellum cerebrum pons medulla oblongata

Answers

Olfactory glands coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus. They are responsible for the olfactory information, which is a term that describes the smell . Olfactory information is first received by the cerebrum. The cerebrum is a large part of the brain, the uppermost region of the central nervous system that is responsible for olfaction, or the sense of smell.

which families of metals are not so reactive, which allows them to exist by themselves in nature?

Answers

Precious metals (silver (Ag), gold (Au)) and platinum metals (ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt)) are extremely nonreactive, they are very stable and can be found in nature in elementary form. Poor reactivity of these metals originates from the fact that their atoms are significantly smaller than the alkali metal atoms, so their valence electrons are much closer to the atomic nucleus and are more firmly attached to it. That is why they have higher values of the ionization energy than alkali metals.

Answer:

precious metals

If the sun suddenly stopped emitting neutrinos, what might we infer (after checking that our neutrino detectors were still operational)?

Answers

The best inference would be that Fusion reactions in the Sun have ceased within the past few minutes. This is because neutrinos are created from nuclear decay at the core of nuclear reactors such as that at the core of the sun. The sun is estimated to produce approximately 65 billion (6.5×1010) neutrinos per second per square centimeter.

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