Fossil evidence shows that Antarctica once had a temperate to subtropical climate during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum when it was ice-free. Palm tree fossils and other plant remains indicate warmer conditions, supported by oxygen isotope records. This evidence aligns with theories of continental drift and changing global climates.
Fossil evidence of forests and freshwater organisms in Antarctica indicates that the climate there was once much warmer than it is today. During the Cenozoic Era, the climate started out warm and then gradually cooled to current conditions. This warmer period is known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, during which both Antarctica and Greenland were ice-free, suggesting the existence of a temperate or even subtropical climate.
The presence of plant fossils, such as Glossopteris leaves found in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica, shows that these plants once thrived in a climate that was suitable for their growth, which would not be possible in today's freeze conditions. This type of evidence, combined with findings of similar fossils in geographically diverse regions like South America and Africa, supports the theory of continental drift and past global climates that were vastly different from the current one.
Furthermore, the existence of palm tree fossils from the Eocene epoch in the Green River Formation in Wyoming correlates with the warmest climate of the Cenozoic, when parts of the Earth that are now temperate or cold experienced subtropical climates. This precise point in time is supported by an oxygen isotope record from the same era, providing a powerful example of using palaeoclimatic data to understand Earth's climatic history.
The ascending portion of the reticular formation ____.
a. is responsible for the eye muscles
b. increases arousal and attention
c. controls the motor areas of the spinal cord
d. controls the motor areas of the brain
The ascending portion of the reticular formation increases arousal and attention. So, the correct option is (B).
What is Reticular Formation?The reticular formation is a complex network of brainstem nuclei and neurons which serves as a major integration and relay center for many important brain systems to coordinate functions necessary for survival.
The reticular formation which represents the archaic core of pathways connecting the spinal cord and the encephalon that supports autonomic, motor, sensory, behavioral, cognitive, and mood-related functions.
It helps coordinate the activity of neurons in these cranial nerve nuclei, so it is involved in the regulation of simple motor behaviors. For example, reticular formation neurons in the medulla facilitate motor activity that is connected to the vagus nerve.
Thus, the ascending portion of the reticular formation increases arousal and attention. So, the correct option is (B).
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Sallie smith 42 years of age is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. during the patient education, the patient asks the nurse, "what should i do if i am sick and can't eat; should i still take my medicine for the diabetes?" (learning objective 10)
a. what management strategies should the nurse provide the patient to deal with "sick days"?
Why are some samples stained before viewing them?
Which factor contributed most to the extinction of many species?>
Climate change, major environmental catastrophes, and human activities have contributed to the extinction of many species.
Explanation:One of the factors that contributed most to the extinction of many species is climate change. Climate change can lead to changes in temperatures and sea levels, which can affect the habitats and survival of various species. For example, rising temperatures can disrupt the reproductive cycles of certain species, leading to a decline in population. Additionally, climate change can alter ecosystems, making it difficult for some species to find food or adapt to new conditions. As a result, many species with narrowly restricted ranges may become extinct over time.
Another factor that has contributed to the extinction of many species is major environmental catastrophes. Events like meteorite impacts or massive volcanic eruptions can cause widespread devastation, resulting in the rapid extinction of numerous species. For example, the end of the Cretaceous period saw a mass extinction event caused by a meteorite impact, which led to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other species.
Finally, human activities, particularly those of Homo sapiens, have had a significant impact on extinction rates. The expansion of human populations and the resulting habitat destruction, pollution, and overexploitation of resources have driven many species to extinction. This current mass extinction, often referred to as the Holocene extinction, is primarily caused by human activities.
Final answer:
The primary factor contributing to the extinction of many species historically has been major environmental catastrophes, with climate change and human activities (Holocene extinction) being the most recent contributors.
Explanation:
The extinction of many species has been attributed to a variety of factors throughout Earth's history. Climate change is currently considered one of the most significant factors threatening species with extinction. Studies have projected that 15-37% of species could be at risk within the next 50 years depending on climate scenarios. Regional models in Australia and South Africa predict extinctions particularly among species with narrow ranges.
Historically, mass extinctions have been caused by major environmental catastrophes. For instance, the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, which led to the demise of the dinosaurs and many other species, was largely caused by the impact of a large asteroid. Similarly, the Late Permian extinction, the most devastating of all, may have been triggered by massive volcanic eruptions that altered the climate and ocean chemistry.
The sixth or Holocene mass extinction is attributed to human activities, with extinctions coinciding with the expansion of European colonies since the 1500s and current rates of species extinctions estimated to be 500-1000 times greater than the 'background' rates.
Longshore drift _____. is caused by wind erosion happens along the coastline is a type of mass wasting can be reduced by creating windbreaks
Answer:
happens along the coastline.
Explanation:
Longshore drift is a geological process that causes sediment transport along the Earth's crust by the prevailing oblique winds. With this we can say that the longshore drift happens along the coast line. These winds generate an air stream parallel to the crust line moving the sediments. This process is also known as coastal drift.
Arrange the steps in the correct order to explain how a muscle fiber contracts
The body cavity terms of acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and eu (true) coelomate differentiate animals within what category or categories using the older mophological descriptions?
The most common type of muscle contraction encountered with most exercises is ________, meaning the contraction proceeds at a consistent muscle tension while the body part moves through its range of motion. isotonic eccentric isometric isokinetic
Worship of the Egyptian goddess Isis eventually spread throughout the _______.
Scholars consider _______ the first European civilization.
The level of development of the Assyrian civilization and architecture are demonstrated in the _______.
The Washington Monument is similar in design to a/an _______.
Worship of the Egyptian goddess Isis eventually spread throughout the _______.
Answer: Greco-Roman world
The worship of the Egyptian goddess Isis eventually spread and reached throughout the Greco-Roman world. She is the divine mother of pharaoh and known to resurrect her slain husband, King Osiris. From then she was believed to help the dead enter the afterlife as she did with her husband. The worship of Isis ended by the rise of Christianity but it continues to appear in Western culture specifically in modern paganism.
Scholars consider _______ the first European civilization.
Answer: Classical Greece and Ancient Rome
The scholars consider classical Greece and Ancient Rome, the first European civilization. Christianity and Roman Catholicism has played a great role in shaping Western civilization, which throughout most of its history, has been nearly equivalent to Christian culture. Additionally, European civilization has enormous global influence in recent centuries in many ways.
The level of development of the Assyrian civilization and architecture are demonstrated in the _______.
Answer: Narrative ArtThe Washington Monument is similar in design to a/an _______.
Answer: stalk of asparagus
The Washington Monument is similar in design to a stalk of asparagus if the colonnade is omitted. It is one of the world’s tallest obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C that is made of marble, and granite and bluestone gneiss. The monument was built in remembrance of George Washington’s greatness in terms of military and political leadership that were indispensable to the founding of United States and it also set as a standard for each president that has succeeded him.
Answer:
ExplanaAnubis
Roman Empire
Minoan Crete
palace of Sargon
Egyptian obelisk
The people of Minoan Crete traced their lineage and took their names through the mother’s line; also, the civilization was peaceful, as it was based on a goddess, rather than the warlike gods of other cultures. Women were the priests.
Each Sumerian city-state had a large, pyramid-like edifice called a ziggurat, which contained government offices and the temple.
The Akkadian culture was more advanced, because they made portraits from copper, which the Sumerians didn’t use.tion:
Which condition can cause widespread exposure of pavement?
A) seasonal rainfall
B) lake evaporation
C) high winds
D) high temperatures
pretty sure you are wrong fella , the answer is actually c) high winds lol your welcome
Answer: Option (C) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Pavement is defined as the desert floor that mostly includes hard sand and rock particles.
High winds can make pavement to widely spread from one place to another.
This is because high winds apply strong forces on the hard sand and rock particles which are part of pavement. As a result, the sand and rock particles on the pavement move from their place.
Hence, we can conclude that high winds is the condition which can cause widespread exposure of pavement.
There are at least two things related to barb's medical history that may be of interest to a doctor. what are those two things? answer
The two things that the doctor may be of interest to barb’s medical history is her hip replacement procedure and her asthma. Although her hip replacement procedure was done long ago but she should still be cautious on her movements especially carrying her grandchildren or bringing heavy load. Moreover, her asthma attack must also be carefully monitored particularly her labored breathing pattern.
An anthropologist finds a fossil in Africa that is 100,000 years old. To which species could the specimen belong?
A 100,000-year-old fossil found in Africa likely belongs to Homo sapiens, as early hominin species such as Australopithecus afarensis lived much earlier in the evolutionary timeline.
If an anthropologist finds a fossil in Africa that is 100,000 years old, the specimen likely belongs to Homo sapiens or modern humans. By this time in prehistory, Homo sapiens were already present and widely distributed in Africa. Notable earlier hominin species such as Australopithecus afarensis, known for the fossil "Lucy", or even the genus Paranthropus, would have been much older and are not candidates for a specimen from 100,000 years ago. It's important to note that the exact identity of the fossil would ultimately depend on a detailed analysis of the remains, including anatomical features and the context of the find.
In the United States what material is least likely to be recycled
Answer:
The correct answer is plastics.
Explanation:
The recycling of plastic has become a major essential sector of recycling. However, only less than ten percent of the production of plastic from the United States Solid Waste stream is getting recycled. The plastic usage still is the prime global environmental issues. On the basis of the reports of EPA, only 9.1 percent of the plastic substance produced in the United States got recycled in 2015, and the rest were sent to the landfills.
The majority of the plastics used in the United States are PET, that is, polyethylene terephthalate. About 2.4 million tons of PET plastic is discarded in the United States every year. Of these approximately 26 percent and 41 percent of this are used in the form of water bottles.
Many biologists were surprised by molecular data supporting the hypothesis that ctenophores are the sister group to all other animals. what anatomical and morphological features of ctenophores are conventionally thought to support a close relationship with bilaterian animals? (select all that apply.) the rudimentary flow through gut the presence of what many take to be a rudimentary mesoderm the presence of an outer epithelium the presence of gelatinous material in the interior of the ctenophore body
The answer is ‘the presence of what many take to be a rudimentary mesoderm’. One of the classifications for bilaterians is their characteristic germ layers. These germ layers include the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Ctenophores had previously been thought to lack a mesoderm, but recently an elementary layer has been discovered between the endoderm and ectoderm, which could serve as a mesoderm.
True or False? Electrons are located in the electron cloud. :)
the answer is true the electrons are part of the cloud
The receptor sites where thc binds to produce its effect are found in large numbers in the brain area considered to be the seat of human consciousness, which is the science forum
"in a population of 100, 65 of the people are homozygous dominant and 15 are homozygous recessive. what is the genotypic frequency of the homozygous dominant population, heterozygous population and homozygous recessive population.
Its easy to get the genotypic frequencies as follows;
1. Homozygous dominant;
65/100 = 0.65
2. Homozygous recessive;
15/100 = 0.15
3. To get heterozygous population;
100 - (65 + 15) = 20Hand-passing sharps is a safe practice. Is this statement true or false? A. True B. False
Answer is False.
No, hand-passing sharps is not a safe practice at all. Rather we should use instruments to grasp sharp objects like- needles and scalpels.
Answer: The given statement is false.
Explanation:
To handle sharp objects it is necessary to use an equipment to pick these type of objects. As picking sharp objects directly through hands can cut our hands leading to bleeding or sever cuts into the skin, septic etc.
Hence, we should handle sharp objects carefully in order to avoid any kind of injury.
Hence, the given statement hand-passing sharps is a safe practice, is false.
How does a cell move a molecule that is too large for transport proteins?
Answer:
The transport of a larger molecule is facilitated by phagocytosis of the endocytosis process.
Explanation:
Endocytosis is a process in which the material to be interiorized is surrounded by an area of the cell membrane. Then it buds off inside the cell to make a vesicle containing the targeted molecule. Endocytosis includes pinocytosis or cellular drinking and phagocytosis or cellular eating.
The process by which the plasma membrane of a cell engulfs a large molecule or particle, give rise to an internal package or compartment called the phagosome, is phagocytosis. It is also known as cellular eating.
Fluid endocytosis or pinocytosis is a mode of endocytosis in which small particles suspended in a fluid are internalized and brought into the cell.
Thus, Transport of larger molecule is facilitated by phagocytosis of the endocytosis process.
1. What is sustainable energy? 2. How do we currently use energy in Georgia? 3. Which types of fossil fuels could / should we use less? Why? 4. Which types of renewable energy could / should we use more? Why? 5. Explore possible energy resources in your area and propose new and/or more renewable energy sources for your region. Be sure to justify your plan. 6. What can you and other individuals in your community do to decrease energy consumption?
1. Sustainable energy is the one that meets the needs of the present without compromising the possibility of future generations to meet their own needs for energy. This is actually an effective way of producing energy that has a little harmful effect on the environment.
There are three conditions that some energy must satisfy in order to belong to the group:
- ecologically: clean, renewable
- social: available for everyone
- economic: provides at least the minimum profit
Sustainable energy includes the use of renewable energy sources such as hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, wave energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy.
2. In Georgia, the most of energy consumes transportation and industrial production is the second energy consumer in the country. There are many industrial plants that consume a lot of energy such as food and beverages, tobacco, chemical, plastics, wood, machinery and metal industry. Energy consumption by the population is almost identical to the consumption by industry.
3. We should use less coal and petroleum because they are the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, like CO2 from fossil fuel combustion. Combustion of fossil fuels also produces other air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds and heavy metals which damage our environment.
4. We should use more solar energy, wind energy, and geothermal energy. These sources of energy are inexhaustible and free, and the most important characteristic of the resources is that they do not pollute the environment. Also, it is a better choice to build own renewable energy facilities than import costly fuels.
5. In my area, I would propose next renewable energy sources: biomass, wind and solar power. Here, there is a flat land and during the year we have a lot of sunny and windy days. There is huge potential for producing the kinds of energy and it would be economically rentable. Also, it is a forest area with the great amount of biomass, which could collect and use for energy production instead of rotting on the ground.
6. We could do a lot of things to decrease energy consumption, starting from simple things like turning off the lights, using energy efficient light options (LED bulbs), unplugging electronics which use standby power, choosing energy-efficient items, better insulation of houses etc. Also, we could less drive own cars and use more public transport or ride bicycles.
Which intervention would the nurse implement for the patient diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic)?
a. administer oral anticoagulants.
b. maintain urine output at 20 ml per hour.
c. prepare the patient for plasmapheresis.
d. administer fresh frozen plasma?
the basic building block of life is
Answer:
Cell
Explanation:
Cell is considered as a building block of any life form. A cell is the smallest unit of any living organism. When cell group together, they form tissues. and when tissues group together they form organs. The specific function of all organs is due to the constituting specialized cell which are able to perform specific function. All cells are able to survive on its own as they are able to respire, digest, produce energy, loco mote and even reproduce by themselves.
Hence, cell is the basic building block of life
What will most likely happen if the plankton population decreases in this ocean system?
a.salmon will completely disappear from the ocean.
b.shrimp will have more difficulty finding food.
c.there will be a fast growth in the shrimp population.
d.humans will have more salmon available to eat?
As the population of planktons decreases in the ocean system, the shrimp population will find it more difficult to find the food. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is species relationship?
In the ocean ecosystem, plankton populations are the primary source of food for all the organisms which are living in the ocean and near the ocean. Planktons are divided into Zooplanktons and Phyto-planktons. Zooplanktons are motile while Phyto-planktons are non-motile. Phyto-planktons are responsible for the primary productivity of the ocean bodies.
Shrimps are the crustaceans or a type of shellfish. It is considered as seafood. The shrimps are dependent upon the planktonic species for their survival. As the number of planktons decreases in the ocean, the number of shrimp population also decreases as they do not get enough food for survival.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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Drag the appropriate classes of matter into the boxes below to answer each question.
A mother with a history of gestational hypertension gives birth to a neonate at 26 weeks' gestation. after the neonate receives surfactant through an endotracheal tube in the delivery room, a nurse takes him to the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu), places him on an overbed warmer, and provides mechanical ventilation. when the mother arrives in the nicu for the first time, the nurse's priority should be to:
what is the genetic allele that masks the others if both are present
The primary function of DNA in cell to
DNA in a cell primarily functions as the genetic material passed from parent to offspring and as an instruction manual for building necessary proteins. It plays a significant role in ensuring genetic continuity and directing cellular activities, thereby influencing a cell's phenotype.
Explanation:The primary function of DNA in a cell is twofold. The first is to act as the genetic material that is passed from parent to offspring, ensuring inheritance and genetic continuity. This entails the accurate replication of DNA sequences which are organized into genes on chromosomes and plasmids.
The second vital function of DNA is to regulate and instruct the construction of proteins. This DNA information is transcribed into an messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule which then provides the code to form a protein in a process called translation. Ultimately, the types of proteins a cell synthesizes influences its observable characteristics or phenotype.
Therefore, DNA is crucial for the growth, reproduction, and overall functioning of a cell, serving as a blueprint for the assembly of cellular structures and driving biochemical reactions within the cell by the creation of enzymes.
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flatworms have no fossil record true or false
What is the difference between threatened, endangered, and extinct species?
The difference between threatened, endangered, and extinct species are an extinct species which once existed on the planet but now because of natural or human events vanished from the earth.
An endangered species is those plants and animals whose population is under danger of extinction. The threatened species are the plants and animals which are under the danger of becoming endangered in the future.
Thus, the major difference between threatened, endangered, and extinct species is dependent on the population of the species.
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Several cities have now banned __________, which are a type of fat.
Several cities have banned trans fats, which are a type of fat known to increase the risk of coronary heart disease.
Cities have banned trans fats due to their link to higher levels of 'bad' cholesterol and heart disease. Following actions by states like California and the FDA, there has been a significant reduction in trans fats in the food supply by 2021.
Trans fats, or trans-unsaturated fatty acids, are not commonly found in nature but are industrially created for use in products like margarine, certain types of peanut butter, and shortening. These artificially hydrogenated trans fats contribute to higher levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), or 'bad' cholesterol, leading to arterial plaque and heart disease. In response, regulatory actions, such as those by the FDA and various bans in certain locales, have limited their presence in the food supply.
Beginning with California in 2010, trans fats have been phased out from restaurants and retail baked goods due to their health risks. The FDA has also taken action, determining that trans fats are not safe and mandating their elimination from the U.S. food supply by 2021. Eventual compliance by food manufacturers and restaurants to these rulings and bans reflects the significant shift away from using trans fats due to their association with adverse health effects.