How is a microkernel architecture different from a monolithic architecture?

Answer:

The relation is the Voltage levels.

Explanation:

Basically the relation is related with voltages levels, that is, the computer has the main component called mother-board this component is the "brain" of the computing systems made of something called microprocessors, intel has core i7,i9 dual core, etc. The mother-board manage the information and save information in the memories, usually Random Access Memory (RAM) and hard disk, this information is understood by the computer as ones (1) and zeros(0), that means, that the computer process logic levels or binary numbers.

Since the beginning of computer developments was in this way because facilitates the process of computing,  and the transistor was an excellent candidate for doing this because the device is scalable, and consumed less power than vacuum tubes that was used in 70's, more or less. There are configurations of transistor that allow use a binary numeric system, such as NOT,OR and AND gates, these are the base of all computers, the computers are made of millions of this gates made with transistors, for example, the attached picture has a NOT gate, suppose that is wired to VDD volts and is refereed to ground GND or zero ( 0 )volts, if a voltage level close to GND is aplied in the input the output is VDD, and if a voltage close to VDD is applied to the input the output will be GND.

In other words the logic levels are read by the computer as ones and zeros but these are voltage levels that could be measured with voltmeters or specialized equipment and are produced by transistors configurations as presented in this answer.

LOGIC LEVELS WHERE THE VOLTAGE VDD IS 1 AND GND IS 0

INPUT:

             1   ______                         1      ______

        0___|             |_________0____|             |_____

OUTPUT

       1  ___              _______________              _____

       0        |______|                               |______|

Answer:

myString=myString.toUpperCase();

Explanation:

In java to change all characters of a string to upper case we use .toUpperCase() method.It will convert string to upper case.

Implementation in java.

import java.util.*;

class Solution

{

public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception

{

   try{

Scanner scr=new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string:");

String myString=scr.nextLine();

myString=myString.toUpperCase();

System.out.println("string in upper case : "+myString);

         }catch(Exception ex){

       return;}

}

}

Output:

Enter a string:hello

string in upper case : HELLO

Final answer:

To output myString in uppercase, use the code: System.out.println(myString.toUpperCase()); which utilizes Java's .toUpperCase() method.

Explanation:

To convert a String object called myString to uppercase using Java, you would use the .toUpperCase() method. The following line of code will accomplish that and output the uppercase version of myString:

System.out.println(myString.toUpperCase());

This line will print the contents of myString to the console, with all characters in uppercase, fulfilling the task requirements.

The `toUpperCase()` method in Java converts all characters in a string to uppercase. By calling this method on `myString` and then printing the result, the program outputs the uppercase version of `myString`.

Answer: Records

Explanation:

A group of the related file is basically stored in a record as record is the collection of the related field.

A record is the object in the database that basically contain one and more than one value.

In the database, the records are also store in the form of table and in table the data are in the form of rows and columns. There is multiple table in the database and each of the table basically contain multiple records.

Answer: Key-logger

Explanation: Key-logger is the device that is used in the capturing the keystrokes of the user and then recording it .They can be in the form of software or hardware.The recording made by key logger consist the data typed through the keyboard like email, messages, passwords .

Other options are incorrect because keyboard is the hardware device used for inputting data in the system, key-scanner is the input reading device in the form of library and rootkit is malicious collection of software to disturb the function of the computer system.Thus the correct option is key-logger.

A keylogger, which can be software or hardware, records keystrokes on a computer to capture sensitive information like passwords. Rootkits, in contrast, provide backdoor access to systems.

The correct answer to the question is Keylogger. A keylogger is a tool that can be either hardware or software, designed for the purpose of capturing keystrokes on a computer system. Once activated, it records every key pressed and sends this information to an attacker or stores it for retrieval. In contrast, a rootkit is a type of malware that provides unauthorized users with administrative access to a computer system, often without being detected.

Keyloggers are considered a form of spyware because they covertly monitor and record users' keystrokes, which can include sensitive information like passwords and personal data. The information captured by keyloggers can be used for malicious purposes, such as identity theft or unauthorized access to secured systems.

Answer:

 In the database, the documenter is basically used to display the properties of the selected object and use the microsoft access to display the particular object.

The database documenter basically created a particular document and report which basically contain proper detailed information and data for the every selected object.

Then, after creating the report we can easily open in the print for previewing the report in the microsoft access.     

Answer:

30 Kbps

30 Mb

300 bytes

Explanation:

a. 10 Kbps * 3 = (10 * 3) Kbps = 30 Kbps [Note: numbers and units are aggregated and processed separately]

b. 10 Mbps * 3 sec  = (10 * 3) Mbps * sec = 30 Mbps*s = 30 Mb [Note: numbers and units are aggregated and processed separately]b

c. Byte is a unit of storage in a computer. 1 byte is made up of eight bits, while each bit  can be either 0 or 1.

1 byte = 8 bit

=> 1 bit = 1/8 byte

=> 2400 bits = 1/8 * 2400 = 300 bytes

Talking about models, validation is the process by the model is corroborated and its outputs are compared with experimental results. From validation, it can be seen how quantitative and qualitative accurate the model is, and it can be confirmed model fidelity to the real world.

Answer: Naming the function

Explanation:

 The first item for defining the function is the naming of the function. In the function, the first line is known as header and rest of the function is known as body of the function.

The function name is the first step while defining the proper function as we can define the actual function name on which the program are rest based.

We can define a function from which the each value from the set of the components are basically associated with the second component in that particular function.

Answer:

BAC4₁₆ = 47812₁₀

Explanation:

To convert from hexadecimal base system to decimal base system use this formula:

[tex]N = x_1 * 16^0 + x_2 * 16^1 + x_3 * 16^2 + x_4 * 16^3+ ... + x_n 16^n^-^1[/tex]

, where position of the x₁ is the rightmost digit of the number.

and:

BAC4 = 11*16³+10*16²+C*16¹+4*16⁰ = 45056 + 2560 + 192 + 4 = 47812

Answer:

class Automobile {

virtual void drive ()=0;

}

Explanation:

In C++, an abstract class is one which cannot be instantiated. However it can be subclassed. A  class containing a pure virtual function is considered an abstract class. A virtual function is preceded by the virtual keyword. For example:

virtual void drive();

In addition , if a virtual function is pure, it is indicated using ' = 0 ;' syntax.

For example:

virtual void drive() = 0;

Of the given options:

class Automobile {

virtual void drive ()=0;

}

represents an abstract class.

The abstract class in the given options is the one with a pure virtual function, which is 'class Automobile { virtual void drive ()=0; }'.

An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated on its own and is typically used as a base class for other classes. In C++ programming language, an abstract class is defined by having at least one pure virtual function. Looking at the given options, the class that represents an abstract class is the one that declares a pure virtual function with the syntax '=0' after the function declaration.

Therefore, the correct option is:

The presence of the keyword virtual followed by '=0' in the function declaration indicates that the drive function is a pure virtual function, making the Automobile class abstract.

Answer: HUB

Explanation:

A Hub is a network device, that acts only in layer 1 (Physical layer) forwarding all traffic that reaches to the input port, to all output ports at once, without processing the received data in any way that could modify them.

It behaves like it were a multiport repeater (which has only one output port).

Answer: Yes, technology projects should be strategized by the manager of technology.

Explanation: It is correct for technology manager to crate technology projects because the manager would be persisting the knowledge about the technology.Without the correct strategy, which is required to accomplish the goal, the technical project cannot be achieved.

The manager can carry out the work with the help of the critical thinking  and the knowledge about the technologies that should be used.By analyzing the need of the project ,he/she can plan the right steps of strategy.

Answer:

// here is program in Java.

// import package

import java.util.*;

// class definition

class Main

{

   // main method of the class

public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception

{

   try{

   // variable

   int gall;

   double cost=0;

       // object to read value from user

    Scanner scr=new Scanner(System.in);

     // ask user to enter type

    System.out.print("Enter customer type  (R for residential or B for business ):");

    // read type of customer

       char t=scr.next().charAt(0);

       if(t=='r'||t=='R')

       {

           System.out.print("enter the number of gallons:");

           //read number of gallons

           gall=scr.nextInt();

           // if number of gallons are less or equal to 6000

           if(gall<=6000)

            {

           // calculate cost

           cost=gall*0.007;

           // print cost

           System.out.println("total cost is: "+cost);

             }

           else

           {

           // calculate cost

            cost=(6000*0.005)+((gall-6000)*0.007);

            // print cost

            System.out.println("total cost is: "+cost);

           }

       }

       else if(t=='b'||t=='B')

       {

           System.out.print("enter the number of gallons:");

           //read number of gallons

           gall=scr.nextInt();

           // if number of gallons are less or equal to 8000

           if(gall<=8000)

            {

           // calculate cost

           cost=gall*0.006;

           // print cost

           System.out.println("total cost is: "+cost);

             }

           else

           {// calculate cost

            cost=(8000*0.006)+((gall-8000)*0.008);

            // print cost

            System.out.println("total cost is: "+cost);

           }

       }

   }catch(Exception ex){

       return;}

}

}

Explanation:

Ask user to enter the type of customer and assign it to variable "t" with scanner object.If the customer type is business then read the number of gallons from user and assign it to variable "gall". Then calculate cost of gallons, if   gallons are less or equal to 8000 then multiply it with 0.006.And if gallons are greater than 8000, cost for  first 8000 will be multiply by 0.006 and   for rest gallons multiply with 0.008.Similarly if customer type is residential then for first 6000 gallons cost will be multiply by 0.005 and for rest it will  multiply by 0.007. Then print the cost.

Output:

Enter customer type  (R for residential or B for business ):r

enter the number of gallons:8000

total cost is: 44.0

Answer:

// here is pseudo-code and implementation in java.

import java.util.*;

// class definition

class Solution

{

// main method of the class

public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception

{

   try{

    // scanner object to read innput

       Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);

        // variables

      double item_cost;

      System.out.print("Please enter cost of item:");

   //read the cost of item

      item_cost=s.nextDouble();

   // calculate 10% tax on the item

      double tax=item_cost*0.1;

   // print original cost

      System.out.println("original cost of item is: "+item_cost);

   // print tax on the item

      System.out.println("tax on the item is: "+tax);

   // print total cost of item

      System.out.println("total cost of item is:"+(item_cost+tax));

   }catch(Exception ex){

       return;}

}

}

Explanation:

Read the original cost of item from user and assign it to variable "item_cost". Calculate 10% tax on the cost of item and assign it to variable "tax".Print the  original cost and tax on item.Then add the cost and tax, this will be the total  cost of item and print it.

Output:

Please enter cost of item:125

original cost of item is: 125.0

tax on the item is: 12.5

total cost of item is:137.5

Answer:

#Python

class PriceTax:

   def __init__(self): #Main method

       self.itemPrice = int(input("Price of your item: "))

       self.tax = 0.1

       self.total = round(self.tax*self.itemPrice,2)

       print("\nOriginal price: ", self.itemPrice)

       print("Tax: %d%%" % (self.tax*100))

       print("Total: ", self.total)

price = PriceTax()

Explanation:

We define a class called PriceTax with a main method __init__, we asked for the user input and store the int value in an attribute called itemPrice, we define the tax attribute and we calculate the total by multiplying the predefined tax and the item price entered by the user. Finally, we print the original price, the tax, and the total. Note that for this to work we instantiate the class 'PriceTax' first under the variable price.

Answer:

last

Explanation:

When a column is added to a table, it gets appended at the end of the table. For example, suppose we have a table called Student with a column 'Name'. Now suppose we want to add another column called class to the table, then the new column will be added at the end of the table. So the new table structure will consist of <Name,Class>.The same procedure will apply for any other added column.

Answer:

The correct answer for the given question is "last ".

Explanation:

When we add a column into the table so the column will add in the last of the table .We can use alter command in SQL to added the column in the table.

The syntax for adding new column into the table is given below .

ALTER TABLE table_name

ADD column_name datatype;

For example  

Suppose we have to add the address column into the student table.

ALTER  TABLE student  

ADD address varchar (50);

This query will add the column in last  of the table  .

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

Magnetic tape is used to store data.It is one of the oldest technology for data storage.It is suitable for  high volume data and storing it for long duration.It's cost is also very less.

Magnetic Tapes are well suited for storing data for long duration because of it's durability.It's shelf life is 30-years.

Answer:

Internet of thing is a generic term given to all the devices that are interconnected via internet. The things are all the devices that we use in out daily lives such as refrigerators, cars, homes ,e.t.c The interconnections of all the things allows better operation and high ease of daily life as the devices are calibrated to our needs hence automatically turn off if we don't use them. As an example the interconnected electric lights in smart homes know weather we are present in home or not and automatically turn off and on depending on our presence.

As an example of Internet of things device consider Smart Homes that use automation to regulate various operations such as lighting, air conditioning and other operations. If an rouge entity gets access to the system and is able to disrupt the operation's we can easily identify the consequences such as no light , no air conditioning among others. Even our access to our own house can be blocked thus making our life miserable.

Answer

responsible I think I wouldn't know

Explanation:

Answer:

 Percent encoding is the mechanism for encoding the information in the URI  (Uniform resource identifier) that basically transmitted the special variable or characters in the URI to the cloud platform.

It is also used in various application for transferring the data by using the HTTP requests.

Percent encoding is also known as uniform resource locator (URL) encoding. The percent encoding basically used to convert the non ASCII characters into URL format which is basically understandable to the all the web server and browsers. In percent encoding the percent sign is known as escape character.

Answer:

Hi!

The answer to:

a. 6 bits.

b. 9 bits.

c. 26 bits.

Explanation:

a. For the states of the U.S.A, you need 50 or more combinations to represents each element.

If you use 6 bits, the possible combinations are 2⁶ = 64.  

b. For days in a year, you need 365 or more combinations to represents each element.

If you use 9 bits, the possible combinations are 2⁹ = 512.

c. For inhabitants of California, you need 36,457,549 or more combinations to represents each element.

If you use 26 bits, the possible combinations are 2²⁶ = 67,108,864. If you use 25 bits instead of 26, then you have 2²⁵ = 33,554,432 combinations. These possible combinations are not enough to represent each inhabitant.

Answer:

 Firstly, the software designer basically understand the pattern of the system by think with broader perspective. By establish the pattern first design the proper context of the system.

The pattern dependency basically focus on manage the relationship between the different types of the modules. It basically provide the actual guidance which increase the reuse-ability of the module.  

We can also extract the given pattern that from the level of the abstraction and lack cohesion modules are basically difficult to maintain.

Answer:

strcmp(char * A, char * B);

strcat(char * A, char * B)

Explanation:

One of these basic functions is the function strcmp(char * A, char * B).

This functions compares if two strings are equal; If they are, it returns 0. If not, it returns 1;

So, an example:

char A[13] = "Buffalo Bills";

char B[13] = "Buffalo Bills";

if (strcmp(A,B) == 0)

printf("The strings are the same\n);

else

printf("The strings are not the same");

In this case, they are the same.

----------------------

If for example:

char B[13] = "Buffalo Billz"

It would fall in the else, A and B would not be the same strings.

--------------------------

Other function is the strcat(char * A, char * B);

This function takes two strings as an input, and concatenate them to the first.

For example:

char A[15] = "Buffalo";

char B[5] = "Bills";

strcat(A, B);

printf("%s\n", A);

The output is:

Buffalo Bills

Answer: 32 bit number

Explanation:

 The IP address basically contain 32 bit number as due to the growth of the various internet application and depletion of the IPV4 address. The IP address basically provide two main function is that:

The IP address are basically available in the human readable format. The IPV6 is the new version of the IP address and its uses 128 bits.  

Answer:

Explanation:

Final answer:

Networks are categorized into WAN, LAN, MAN, and PAN based on their geographical coverage and usage, ranging from expansive (like the internet) for WAN, to personal space for PAN. Wi-Fi is a common technology used for creating LANs that allow devices to connect wirelessly within a certain area.

Explanation:

Networks come in various sizes and are categorized based on their geographical span and usage. Here we explore four kinds: Wide Area Network (WAN), Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), and Personal Area Network (PAN).

WAN is a network that covers a broad area, potentially spanning countries or continents. It can be made up of multiple LANs and connects devices across long distances, such as the internet. LAN, on the other hand, is restricted to a small geographical area, typically a single building or campus, and offers high data transfer rates. It is commonly used in homes, schools, and offices.

MAN encompasses a larger area than LAN but smaller than WAN, often spreading across a city or metropolitan area. It is useful for connecting several LANs within that city to allow networks to communicate with each other. Lastly, PAN is the smallest network, intended for personal use within a range of a few meters. It typically involves devices like smartphones, tablets, and wearables interacting with each other.

Wi-Fi is a widely adopted technology enabling wireless LANs, described by the IEEE 802.11 series of standards. It's a key part of many networks, providing connectivity in homes, offices, and public hotspots. People might pay a monthly fee or get access for free, depending on the business model of the ISP or facility providing the Wi-Fi service.

Answer:

LOADLIN(Load linux)    LILO(Linux Loader).

Explanation:

Loader is a computer program that is used in linux to load linux in the memory.In linux we have to install a special loader while in other operating system we do not need to  install the loader it comes in them by default.

The two most common loader in linux are as following:-

Answer:

 Data hierarchy is basically define to the data which is organized in the systematic manner. The main concept of the data hierarchy is to check the basic structure of the data. It basically involve the fields records and files for the data organization.

The following is the list of the computer data hierarchy from nit to address are:

1) Bit: It is the smallest unit of the data.

2) Field: The collection of all the characters in the data is known as field.

3) Record: The collection of the different fields is known as records.

4) File: The collection of various types of records in the database is known as file.

Answer: Worm

Explanation: Worm is the malicious software program which acts as the infection in the computer system. It has the ability to replicate itself and spread in the other systems .It is found in those parts that have automatic operation and non-noticeable.

The effect of the worm is slowing down the operations ,disturb the network etc.Other options are incorrect because virus is the malicious program that infects the host, key-loggers are used for monitoring of system and  time bomb is the program for releasing the virus in computer network. Thus, the correct option is worm.

Answer:

Assumes indentation has a logical purpose

Explanation:

No period

Answer: (A) Prepared statement

Explanation:

 Prepared statement is basically used in the structured query language (SQL) statement which are basically execute multiple times in the python script.

The prepared statement is typically used in the SQL statement for update and queries. It is used to executed for the similar SQL statement and it has high efficiency.

It basically is in the form of template where the database compile and perform various query optimization.

Answer: Software quality assurance is considered as the means under which one monitors the software processes and techniques used in order to ensure quality. The techniques using which this is attained are varied, and thus may also include ensuring accordance to more than one standards. It is referred to as a set of techniques that ensures the quality of projects in software process. These mostly include standards that administrators use in order to review and also audit software activities, i,e, these software meet standards.

Answer:

To change the value of private or protected members.

Explanation:

Mutator also known as setters are the member function or method in class that is used to set or change the value of private or protected members. Mutator does not return any values. They are very important in Object Oriented Programming.