How many electrons are transferred during the formation of one molecule of al2o3?

Answers

Answer 1

Final answer:

In the formation of one molecule of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), a total of 6 electrons are transferred from two aluminum atoms to three oxygen atoms to maintain electrical neutrality.

Explanation:

The formation of one molecule of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) involves the transfer of electrons between aluminum atoms and oxygen atoms. Each aluminum atom loses three electrons, becoming Al3+ ions, while each oxygen atom gains two electrons to become O2- ions. To maintain electrical neutrality, the compound must have equal numbers of positive and negative charges.

Therefore, to form one molecule of Al2O3, two aluminum atoms (2 Al) will lose a total of 6 electrons (2 Al × 3 e-), and three oxygen atoms will gain a total of 6 electrons (3 O × 2 e-) during the electron transfer process. The complete transfer involves 12 electrons changing places but, in effect, the number of electrons transferred is the total on one side of the reaction which is 6.

Related Questions

How many ethyne molecules are contained in 84.3 grams of ethyne (C2H2)?

Answers

(~26grams/mole) and Avogadros # (6.022x10^23) 84.3grams x 1mole/26grams x 6.022x10^23 molecules/mole = 1.95x10^24 molecules of C2H2

Explanation:

According to the mole concept, there are [tex]6.022 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms or molecules present in 1 mole.

As, it is given that mass of ethyne is 84.3 g. Hence, calculate its number of moles as follows.

No. of moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{\text{molar mass}}[/tex]

= [tex]\frac{84.3 g}{26.04 g/mol}[/tex]

= 3.24 mol

Therefore, calculate number of ethyne molecules as follows.

[tex]3.24 mol \times 6.022 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms

= [tex]19.51 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms

Thus, we can conclude that there are [tex]19.51 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms in 84.3 grams of ethyne.

For a cell whose potential is -0.46 v with 3 moles of electrons exchanged, what is DG?
DG = -nFE°cell

a.) -133 kJ
b.) +133 kJ
c.) +133,170 kJ
d.) -6.65 x 10^-3

Answers

ΔG = -nEF

ΔG = Gibbs free energy change
n = moles of electrones participated in
E = Electrode potential
F = Faraday constant

By substituting,
ΔG = -(3 mol) x 96485 A S/ mol x (-0.46) V
= + 133149.3 J
= + 133 kJ

Hence the answer is "b".

Since ΔG is a positive value, the reaction is non spontaneous reaction.

A gas contained in a steel tank has a pressure of 1.5 atm at a temperature of 320 k. what will be the gas pressure when the temperature changes to 450 k? a gas contained in a steel tank has a pressure of 1.5 atm at a temperature of 320 k. what will be the gas pressure when the temperature changes to 450 k? 1.5 atm 0.47 atm 0.94 atm 2.1 atm 1.1 atm

Answers

Using Gay-Lussac's Law, we have
P2 = [tex] \frac{(T2)X(P1)}{T1} [/tex]
where, P and T stands for pressure and temperature respectively, terms 1 and 2 indicates initial and final pressure/temperature respectively.

Given that, P1 = 1.5 atm, T1 = 320 K, T2 = 450 K,
∴P2 = [tex] \frac{(450)X(1.5)}{320} [/tex] = 2.1 atm

Final answer:

Using Gay-Lussac's Law, we calculate that when the temperature of a gas increases from 320 K to 450 K, the pressure of the gas will increase from 1.5 atm to 2.1 atm, assuming the volume and the amount of gas remain constant.

Explanation:

To answer the question, we need to use the concept in physics called Gay-Lussac's Law. This law states that the pressure of a given amount of gas held at a constant volume is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature. It's also important to remember that when we're dealing with gases, temperatures have to be in Kelvin for our calculations to work.

Given that, we know that the initial pressure (P1) is 1.5 atm, the initial temperature (T1) is 320K, and the final temperature (T2) is 450K. We want to find the final pressure (P2). According to Gay-Lussac's law, this can be calculated using the following equation: P1/T1 = P2/T2.

Thus, P2 = P1 * T2 / T1 = 1.5 atm * 450K / 320K = 2.1 atm.

So, the gas pressure will be 2.1 atm when the temperature increases from 320 K to 450 K, assuming that the volume and the amount of gas remain constant.

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A geometric isomer with two alkyl groups on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond is called

Answers

Answer:
A geometric isomer with two alkyl groups on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond is called cis Isomer.

Explanation:
Geometric isomerism takes place about the double bond in alkenes when the alkyl groups are either situated at the same side (cis) or are situated opposite (trans) to each other.

Example:
cis-2-Butene (highlighted red)

trans-2-Butene (highlighted blue)

When potassium hydroxide and barium chloride react, potassium chloride and barium hydroxide are formed. The balanced equation for this reaction is _____. *

Answers

The answer is 2KOH + BaCl2 --> 2KCl +

2 KOH + BaCl2 = 2 KCl + Ba(OH)2

According to the kinetic theory, what is the kinetic energy of a gas molecule proportional to? volume of the gas pressure of the gas temperature of the gas density of the gas

Answers

ANSWER: C temperature of the gas

Answer:

Explanation:

It's correct for Plato

The concentration of the stock solution she needs is 100 milli molar (mm) and she needs to make 1.2 milli liters (ml) solution of the drug-a. the drug is available in a salt form with a molecular weight of 181.6 grams / mole. what is the amount (quantity in grams) of drug-a will she have to weigh-out in order to make the stock solution

Answers

molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute in 1 L of solution
molarity of stock solution to be prepared - 100 x 10⁻³ mol/L
volume of stock solution to be prepared - 1.2 mL
Therefore number of moles in 1.2 mL - 100 x 10⁻³ mol/L x 1.2 x 10⁻³ L
number of moles of drug - 1.2 x 10⁻⁴ mol
mass of drug required - 1.2 x 10⁻⁴ mol x 181.6 g/mol = 21. 8 mg
21.8 g of drug is required to make the stock solution

if hydrogen temperature goes from 50 tp 75 degrees Celsius in 22g sample, how much heat was used? Give explanation!
A.15,730 J
B.23,595 J
C.7865 J
D.550 J

Answers

The heat used if the hydrogen temperature goes from 50 to 75 c is calculated using

Q(heat) = M(mass) xC( specific heat capacity for hydrogen) x deltaT (change in temperature) formula
Q=?
m =22g
c= 14.3 j/g/c
delta T = 75-50 = 25c

Q = 22 g x 14.3 j/g/c x 25 =7865 j (answer c)

Carbon disulfide is prepared industrially by reacting carbon with sulfur dioxide according to the above equation. if 5.9 moles of carbon react, how many moles of cs2 are produced?

Answers

Answer:
1.18 mol of CS₂

Solution:
The reaction is as follow,

5 C + 2 SO₂ → CS₂ + 4 CO

According to equation,,

5 moles of Carbon on reaction produced = 1 mole of CS₂
So,
5.9 moles of Carbon will produce = X g of CS₂

Solving for X,
X = (1 mol × 5.9 mol) ÷ 5 mol

X = 1.18 mol of CS₂

Answer : The number of moles of carbon sulfide produced are, 1.18 moles.

Explanation : Given,

Moles of carbon = 5.9 moles

The balanced chemical reaction is:

[tex]5C+2SO_2\rightarrow CS_2+4CO[/tex]

From the balanced chemical reaction we conclude that,

As, 5 moles of carbon react to give 1 mole of carbon sulfide

So, 5.9 moles of carbon react to give [tex]\frac{5.9}{5}=1.18[/tex] mole of carbon sulfide

Thus, the number of moles of carbon sulfide produced are, 1.18 moles.

What is the energy required to go from liquid to gas called answers?

Answers

Answer:
The energy required to go from liquid to gas is called as Latent Heat of Vaporization.

Explanation:
The process of conversion of liquid into gas phase is known as vaporization while the conversion of gas into liquid state is called as condensation. The liquid having stronger intermolecular forces than gases require some energy to break those interactions hence, the heat provided to break these interactions and convert it into gas phase is called as heat of vaporization. Remember, heat of vaporization and heat of condensation are same for a given substance but with different signs.

Example:

Heat of Vaporization of Water = 40.65 kJ/mol

Heat of Condensation of Water = - 40.65 Kj/mol

Answer: Latent Heat of Vaporization

During _____, bonds between monomers are broken by adding water.

A.
hydrolysis

B.
polymerization

C.
dehydration synthesis

D.
carbohydrate loading

Answers

During _A. hydrolysis, bonds between monomers are broken by adding water.
Prefix "hydro-" means water.
"-lysis" - disintegration.

Which type of monomer makes up lipids?

A) monosaccharides

B) triglycerides

C) nucleotides

D) amino acids

Answers

Monomers are generally small molecules that make up a long polymeric chain. The monomer for lipids is triglycerides.

What are triglycerides?

A triglyceride is an ester consisting of three fatty acids and glycerol. Triglycerides are the main components of human body fat.

Lipids are made up of long chains of triglycerides.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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Equal volumes of 1 molar hydrochloric acid (hcl) and 1 molar sodium hydroxide base (naoh) are mixed. after mixing, the solution will be:

Answers

HCl is a strong acid therefore complete ionisation takes place
HCl ---> H⁺ + Cl⁻
1 mol of HCl dissociates to form 1 mol of H⁺
NaOH is a strong base therefore complete ionisation takes place
NaOH ---> Na⁺ + OH⁻
1 mol of NaOH dissociates to form 1 mol of OH⁻ ions
equal number of moles of HCl and NaOH will dissociate to give out an equal number of moles of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions.
H⁺ + OH⁻ --> H₂O
equal amount of H⁺ and OH⁻ together forms H₂O
since all the H⁺ and OH⁻ have now reacted to form water molecules the solution now becomes neutral as there are no excess H⁺ ions to make the solution acidic and no excess OH⁻ ions to make the solution basic.

Therefore the solution will be neutral.

Consider the unbalanced equation for the oxidation of aluminum. _Al + _O2 mc031-1.jpg _Al2O3 Which sequence of coefficients should be placed in the blanks to balance this equation?

Answers

the options are
2, 3, 1
1, 3, 2
4, 3, 2
3, 2, 3

when balancing equation the masses should be balanced. In other words the same number of atoms of the same element should be on either side of the equation

the balanced equation for the oxidation of aluminium is as follows

4Al + 3O₂ ---> 2Al₂O₃
coefficients are the numbers in front of the respective compounds.
the coefficients in the correct sequence are 4,3 and 2

answer is 4, 3, 2

Answer:

the options are

2, 3, 1

1, 3, 2

4, 3, 2

3, 2, 3

when balancing equation the masses should be balanced. In other words the same number of atoms of the same element should be on either side of the equation

the balanced equation for the oxidation of aluminium is as follows

4Al + 3O₂ ---> 2Al₂O₃

coefficients are the numbers in front of the respective compounds.

the coefficients in the correct sequence are 4,3 and 2

answer is 4, 3, 2

Which activity most likely involves the direct use of saturated hydrocarbons?

Answers

Saturated hydrocarbons, such as alkanes, are utilized in combustion processes for producing heat due to their single carbon-to-carbon bonds.

Saturated hydrocarbons, also known as alkanes, involve the direct use of hydrocarbons with only single carbon-to-carbon bonds. An example of an activity that most likely involves the direct use of saturated hydrocarbons is combustion processes for producing heat. These hydrocarbons are composed entirely of single bonds and are saturated with hydrogen.

Suppose you wanted to find out how many milliliters of 1.0 m agno3 are needed to provide 169.9 g of pure agno3? what is step 1 in solving the problem? calculate moles agno3 needed what is the molar mass of agno3? 169.87 g/mol how many milliliters of solution are needed?

Answers

m(AgNO₃) = 169.9 g; mass.
n(AgNO₃) = m(AgNO₃) ÷ M(AgNO₃).
n(AgNO₃) = 169.9 g ÷ 169.87 g/mol.
n(AgNO₃) = 1 mol; amount of silver nitrate.
c(AgNO₃) = 1 M = 1 mol/L.
V(AgNO₃) = n(AgNO₃) ÷ c(AgNO₃).
V(AgNO₃) = 1 mol ÷ 1 mol/L.
V(AgNO₃) = 1 L.
V(AgNO₃) = 1 L · 1000 mL/L.
V(AgNO₃) = 1000 mL; volume of silver nitrate.

You need 1000 milliliters of a 1.0 M AgNO3 solution to provide 169.9 g of pure AgNO₃.

Step 1: Calculate the moles of AgNO₃ needed. To do this, use the given molar mass of AgNO₃, which is 169.87 g/mol.

Moles = mass / molar mass

Moles of AgNO₃ = 169.9 g / 169.87 g/mol = 1.000 mol

Step 2: Determine the volume of the 1.0 M AgNO₃ solution required to obtain 1.000 mol of AgNO₃.

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution

Rearranging the formula to solve for volume (liters):

Volume (L) = moles of solute / Molarity

Volume (L) = 1.000 mol / 1.0 M = 1.000 liters

Since the question asks for the volume in milliliters:

Volume (mL) = Volume (L) * 1000

Volume (mL) = 1.000 L * 1000 = 1000 mL

Therefore, you need 1000 milliliters of a 1.0 M AgNO₃ solution to provide 169.9 g of pure AgNO₃.

In the reaction 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O, 80 grams of NaOH reacts with H2SO4 to form _______ grams of Na2SO4. Fill in the blank.

Your answer:

142 g

114 g

33.1 g

250 g

NEED HELP!!!! AND IF YOU KNOW THE ANSWER CAN YOU EXPLAIN IT.

Answers

Answer:
Option-A, 142 g is the correct answer.

Solution:
Balance Chemical Equation is as follow,

2 NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2 H₂O

According to equation,

79.98 g (2 mole) NaOH react to form = 142 g (1 mole) of Na₂SO₄
So,
80 g NaOH on reaction will produce = X g of Na₂SO₄

Solving for X,
X = (142 g × 80 g) ÷ 79.99 g

X = 142.01 g of Na₂SO₄

The net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sulfuric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide is ________.
a.h+ (aq) + hso4- (aq) + 2oh- (aq) → 2h2o (l) + so42- (aq)
b.h+ (aq) + hso4- (aq) + 2na+ (aq) + 2oh- (aq) → 2h2o (l) + 2na+ (aq) + so42-(aq)
c.so42- (aq) + 2na+ (aq) → 2na+ (aq) + so42-(aq)
d.h+ (aq) + oh- (aq) → h2o( l)
e.2h+ (aq) + so42- (aq) + 2na+ (aq) + 2oh- (aq) → 2h2o (l) + 2na+ (aq) + so42- (aq)

Answers

Final answer:

The net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sulfuric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide is h+ (aq) + oh- (aq) → h2o (l). Here, the sodium ions are spectator ions and are thus not included in the net ionic equation.

Explanation:

The question asks about the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sulfuric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide. Remember, a net ionic equation includes only those components that undergo a change. Spectator ions are not included. In this case, the correct answer is (d) h+ (aq) + oh- (aq) → h2o (l). This equation represents the essential acid-base reaction that occurs. The sodium ion is a spectator ion in this reaction. Hence, it is not included in the net ionic equation.

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Atmospheric pollution is the worst when: natural gas is burned coal is burned geothermal heat is used to generate electricity

Answers

The answer is Coal. Atmospheric pollution is least when geothermal electricity is used to produce electricity.

What is a solution that has a relatively low amount of solute called?

Answers

Answer:
A solution that has a relatively low amount of solute is called Dilute Solution.

Explanation:
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two components called as solute and solvent. Solvent is the major part while solute constitutes the minor part of the solution.
In solutions the concentration of solute in solvent is further classified as Dilute and Concentrated.
Those solutions in which higher concentration of solute is present in given volume of solvent are called as Concentrated Solutions. For example adding 4 spoons of sugar in tea cup.
While, Those solutions in which less concentration of solute is present in given volume of solvent are called as Dilute Solutions. For example adding half spoon of sugar in tea cup.

Final answer:

A dilute solution has a relatively small amount of solute compared to the solvent. Qualitative terms like 'dilute' and 'concentrated' describe the concentration of solutes in a solution, but for precise measurements, a quantitative expression of concentration is necessary.

Explanation:

A solution with a relatively low amount of solute is referred to as a dilute solution. This term contrasts with a concentrated solution, which contains a larger quantity of solute. In a dilute solution, the solute is present in a lower concentration compared to the solvent, which is the substance present in a higher concentration.

When discussing the concentration of solutions, it is essential to express it quantitatively for precision. However, qualitative descriptors such as 'dilute' and 'concentrated' are commonly used. The meaning of these terms can vary depending on several factors, such as the nature of the solute and solvent, as well as the context in which they are used.

For example, a solution containing 1 gram of salt in 1 liter of water is more dilute than a solution containing 10 grams of salt in the same amount of water. The latter would be considered more concentrated. Both terms are relative and describe the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent without precisely quantifying the concentration.

Why would it be incorrect to balance the equation by changing NaOH to Na2OH2 instead of 2NaOH

Answers

Beacuse Na2OH 2 is completely different compound than 2NaOH.

By NaOH we mean two molecules with one sodium, one hydrogen and one oxygen atom each.

But by Na2OH2 it'll be understood that 2 atoms of sodium one aton of oxygen and 2 arom of hydrogen was used ro make up this one molecule.

Here's a simple example,

You have
H2+ O2 ---------> H2O

while balancing,

you're supposed to write H2O as 2H2O
which means 2 molecules of water.

And when you write it as H2O2 insted it means that you are forming and oxidizing and reducing agent, which is a waste (toxic waste) for our body and can kill us, which means it has the opposite property of water.

And this is the reason why you should balance it by placing the numbers on the far left side than subsripting it below atom of different elements so that you can make the same compund everytime.

If a frog initially contained 2 grams of carbon-14 and the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years, how much carbon-14 remains in the frog after 5,730 years?

Answers

Half life is the time taken for a radioactive isotope to decay by half its original mass. In this case the half life of carbon-14 is 5.730 years.
Using the formula;
New mass = original mass × (1/2)^n; where n is the number of half lives (in this case n=1 )
New mass = 2 g × (1/2)^1
= 1 g
Therefore; the mass of carbon-14 that remains will be 1 g

The electrolysis of molten alcl3 for 3.25 hr with an electrical current of 15.0 a produces ________ g of aluminum metal.

Answers

Final answer:

Approximately 200.6 grams of Aluminum will be produced from the electrolysis of molten AlCl3 for 3.25 hours with an electrical current of 15.0 A, as determined through application of Faraday's law of electrolysis.

Explanation:

In order to determine the number of grams of aluminum produced from electrolysis of molten AlCl3, we need to use Faraday's law of electrolysis.

Faraday's law states that the amount of substance produced at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the number of moles of electrons (or amount of electrical charge) transferred at that electrode. The charge Q in coulombs (C) can be calculated using the formula Q = It, where I is the current in amperes (A) and t is the time in seconds.

For this scenario, we know that the current I is 15.0 A and the time t is 3.25 hours, which needs to be converted to seconds for the equation to work properly (3.25 hr × 3600 s/hr = 11700 s). Hence, Q = 15.0 A × 11700 s = 175500 C.

The quantity of a substance produced in an electrolytic cell is given by the equation m = Q × M / F × n, where M is the molar mass of the substance, F is Faraday's constant (~96485 C/mol), and n is the number of electrons transferred per formula unit of the substance. In this case, M = 26.98 g/mol for Al, n = 3 for Al3+, so m = 175500 C × 26.98 g/mol / (96485 C/mol × 3) = 200.6 g

Therefore, approximately 200.6 g of Aluminum will be produced from the electrolysis of AlCl3 in 3.25 hours with an electrical current of 15.0 A.

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When placed in water, ice rises to the top of the liquid. unlike most solids that sink when placed in their liquid forms, ice floats because -?

Answers

ice has a lower density than liquid water which is why it floats, it is also why water expands when it freezes.

Consider this reaction: Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g).

Which combination of factors will affect the rate of the reaction?

Answers

Option are as follow,

A. temperature, concentration and surface area
B. temperature, and concentration only
C. concentration and surface area only
D. temperature and surface area only

Answer:
Option-A. Temperature, Concentration and Surface area

Explanation:

1) Increasing Temperature:
Increase in temperature increases the Kinetic energy of molecules. This results in increase in the velocity and rate of collisions between reactants. Hence, greater the number of collisions between reactants per time greater will be the probability of formation of product per unit time.

2) Increasing Concentration
Increase in concentration results in increase in number of particles of reactants per unit area, hence collision rate increases resulting in rate of reaction.

3) Increasing Surface Area
Grinding of Zn results in the increase of surface area of Zinc. So greater the surface area greater is the exposure of Zinc metal to HCl molecules, hence the rate of formation of product increases.

Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction in the context of a specific reaction equation.

The factors that affect the rate of the reaction Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g) include:

Catalyst: Adding a catalyst can increase the rate of the reaction.

Surface area: Grinding the zinc solid into a fine powder increases its surface area, enhancing the reaction rate.

Concentration and Temperature: Increasing the concentration of HCl or raising the temperature can also speed up the reaction.

Which best explains why some radioisotopes decay in a decay series? Radioactive materials will always be radioactive. Multiple decays are always required to achieve stability. Some unstable materials decay radioactively into other unstable materials. Unstable materials have varying half-lives.

Answers

Which best explains why some radioisotopes decay in a decay series?

The correct answer is:
Some unstable materials decay radioactively into other unstable materials.

Radioactive decay a the spontaneous process through which an unstable atomic nucleus breaks into smaller, more stable fragments. It's basically a matter of thermodynamics. Every atom seeks to be as stable as possible. In the case of radioactive decay, instability occurs when there is an imbalance in the number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus.

Answer:

c. Some unstable materials decay radioactively into other unstable materials.

Explanation:

got it correct on edg

You have two containers of equal volume. one is full of helium gas. the other holds an equal mass of nitrogen gas both gases have the same pressure how does thegas. bothgaseshavethesamepressure. howdoesthetemperature of the helium compare to the temperature of the nitrogen?

Answers

Let's assume that both He and N₂ have ideal gas behavior.

Then we can use ideal gas law,
PV = nRT
Where, P is the pressure of gas, V is the volume, n is moles of gas, R is universal gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

The P and V are same for the both gases.
R is a constant.

The only variables are n and T.

Let's say temperature of He is T₁ and temperature of N₂ is T₂.

n = m/M where n is moles, m is mass and M is molar mass.

Molar mass of He is 4 g/mol and molar mass of N₂ is 28 g/mol

Since mass (m) of both gases are same,
moles of He = m/4
moles of N₂ = m/28

Let's apply the ideal gas equation for both gases.
For He gas,
PV = (m/4)RT₁ (1)

For N₂ gas,
PV = (m/28)RT₂    (2)

(1) = (2)
(m/4)RT₁ = (m/28)RT₂
  T₁/4 = T₂/28
T₁ = T₂/7
  7T₁ = T₂

Hence, the temperature of N₂ gas is higher by 7 times than the temperature of He gas.

Final answer:

Given the same mass and pressure, the temperature of the helium would be the same as the temperature of nitrogen. This is due to the ideal gas law, which connects the variables of pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas.

Explanation:

The temperature of the helium would be the same as the temperature of nitrogen, given that the quantities (in terms of mass) are the same and they are at the same pressure. This follows from the ideal gas law which states that pressure is directly proportional to temperature and the number of moles of the gas, and inversely proportional to volume. Considering this in context, helium and nitrogen have different molar masses. For a given mass, there will be more moles of helium (which has a lower molar mass) than of nitrogen (which has a higher molar mass). Therefore, if the mass, volume, and pressure are held constant, the temperature for equal masses of the two gases will also be constant. More moles of gas does not mean a higher temperature, contrary to what one might intuitively think.

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The molality of a solution containing 8.1 moles of solute in 4847 g of solvent is ____.

Answers

molality is defined as the number of moles of solute in 1 kg of solvent
the number of moles of solute - 8.1 mol
mass of solvent - 4847 g
there are 8.1 mol in 4847 g of solvent
we need to know how many moles are in 1 kg of solvent
therefore number of moles in 1 kg of solvent is - 8.1 mol / 4.847 kg
molality of solution is - 1.67 mol/kg

Answer:

1.67m

Explanation:

Nitrogen is available to plants mostly in the form of _____. nitrogen in the atmosphere nitrite ions in the soil uric acid from animal excretions nucleic acids from decomposing plants and animals nitrate and ammonium ions in the soil

Answers

Nitrogen is available to plants mostly in the form of Nitrate and ammonium ions in the soil. Plants absorb ammonium and nitrate during the assimilation process, which are then converted into nitrogen containing organic molecules, such as amino acids, and DNA. Animals are not able to absorb nitrates directly but receive their nutrient supplies by consuming plants or plant consuming animals.

Plants primarily obtain nitrogen from soil in the forms of nitrates (NO₃⁻) and ammonium ions (NH₄), which become available through the processes of nitrogen fixation and nitrification by certain bacteria.

Nitrogen is available to plants mostly in the form of nitrate and ammonium ions in the soil. Atmospheric nitrogen, which composes 78% of the air, is not directly usable by plants due to its strong triple bonds. Through the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is converted into biologically available forms.

One such process is nitrogen fixation, where free-living or symbiotic bacteria, such as Rhizobium in legume roots, convert gaseous nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃). This ammonia can become ammonium (NH₄) and is then available for plant uptake, or it can be further processed by nitrifying bacteria into nitrites (NO₂⁻) and subsequently into nitrates (NO₃⁻), which are absorbed by plant roots.

The availability of ammonia and nitrates in the soil is crucial for plants to synthesize essential compounds like proteins and nucleic acids, making nitrogen a limiting nutrient for plant growth.

Catalytic converters made of palladium (Pd) reduce automobile pollution by catalyzing the reaction between unburned hydrocarbons and oxygen. How does Pd increase the rate of this reaction?

A: By cooling the reactants
B: By splitting the oxygen atoms
C: By giving the hydrocarbons a negative charge
D: By decreasing the activation energy

Answers

Almost all catalysts work by lowering the activation energy of the reaction with no change in the free energy of the reaction

- So in this case we can say that palladium reduce automobile pollution by catalyzing the reaction between un-burned hydrocarbons and oxygen :

D. by decreasing the activation energy

Answer: D: By decreasing the activation energy

Explanation: A catalyst is a substance which increases the rate of a reaction by taking the reaction through a different path which involves lower activation energy and thus more molecules can cross the energy barrier and convert to products.

Activation energy is the extra energy that must be supplied to reactants in order to cross the energy barrier and thus convert to products.

The catalyst itself does not take part in the chemical reaction and is regenerated as such at the end.

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