Answer: The volume of hydrogen gas produced will be, 12.4 L
Explanation : Given,
Mass of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] = 54.219 g
Number of atoms of [tex]Mg[/tex] = [tex]7.179\times 10^{23}[/tex]
Molar mass of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] = 98 g/mol
First we have to calculate the moles of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] and [tex]Mg[/tex].
[tex]\text{Moles of }H_3PO_4=\frac{\text{Given mass }H_3PO_4}{\text{Molar mass }H_3PO_4}[/tex]
[tex]\text{Moles of }H_3PO_4=\frac{54.219g}{98g/mol}=0.553mol[/tex]
and,
[tex]\text{Moles of }Mg=\frac{7.179\times 10^{23}}{6.022\times 10^{23}}=1.19mol[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the limiting and excess reagent.
The balanced chemical equation is:
[tex]3Mg+2H_3PO_4\rightarrow Mg(PO_4)_2+3H_2[/tex]
From the balanced reaction we conclude that
As, 3 mole of [tex]Mg[/tex] react with 2 mole of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex]
So, 0.553 moles of [tex]Mg[/tex] react with [tex]\frac{2}{3}\times 0.553=0.369[/tex] moles of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex]
From this we conclude that, [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] is an excess reagent because the given moles are greater than the required moles and [tex]Mg[/tex] is a limiting reagent and it limits the formation of product.
Now we have to calculate the moles of [tex]H_2[/tex]
From the reaction, we conclude that
As, 3 mole of [tex]Mg[/tex] react to give 3 mole of [tex]H_2[/tex]
So, 0.553 mole of [tex]Mg[/tex] react to give 0.553 mole of [tex]H_2[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the volume of [tex]H_2[/tex] gas at STP.
As we know that, 1 mole of substance occupies 22.4 L volume of gas.
As, 1 mole of hydrogen gas occupies 22.4 L volume of hydrogen gas
So, 0.553 mole of hydrogen gas occupies [tex]0.553\times 22.4=12.4L[/tex] volume of hydrogen gas
Therefore, the volume of hydrogen gas produced will be, 12.4 L
The latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.4 X 105 J/Kg. What do you mean by this statement? Explain.
Answer:
This is the amount of heat required to change solid ice into liquid water.
Explanation:
-Latent heat of fusion or enthalpy of fusion is defined as the amount of heat required by a substance to change its status from solid to liquid
-Hence, 3.4 X 105 J/Kg is the amount of heat required to change solid ice into liquid water.
The human resources manager at a company records the length, in hours, of one shift at work, X. He creates the probability distribution below. What is the probability that a worker chosen at random works at least 8 hours?
0.62
0.78
0.84
0.96
Answer is 0.62
Explanation: Since the worker works at least 8 hours minimum, therefore total maximum length of time is 16 hours.Thus, the probability of at least 8 hours is. 16/24=2/3=0.62
Answer:
Answer is 0.62
Explanation:
i
What is the limiting reactant when 3 grams of propane is mixed with 10 grams of Oxygen?
C3H8 + O2 —> H2O + CO2
Answer:
The answer to your question is Propane
Explanation:
Data
mass of Propane = 3 g
mass of Oxygen = 10 g
limiting reactant = ?
Balanced chemical reaction
C₃H₈ + O₂ ⇒ H₂O + CO₂
Process
1.- Calculate the molar mass of the reactants
C₃H₈ = (12 x 3) + (8 x 1) = 36 + 8 = 44 g
O₂ = 16 x 2 = 32 g
2.- Calculate the theoretical yield C₃H₈ / O₂ = 44/32 = 1.375
3.- Calculate the experimental yield C₃H₈/O₂ = 3/10 = 0.3
4.- Conclusion
The limiting reactant is Propane because the experimental yield was lower than the theoretical yield.
Is it possible for a heat transfer system to involve both internal and external convection simultaneously?
Answer:
When the fluid is forced to flow over a surface it is external forced convection. When the fluid is forced to flow in a tube it is Internal forced convection. It is possible to have both Internal and external convection simultaneously as is case of pipe transporting a fluid in a windy area.
Explanation:
1. Draw the basic repeating unit of sodium alginate polymer. 2. What is this polymer used for?
Answer:
1.The diagram is attached
2.sodium alginate is a polymer which can be extracted from brown seaweed and is used for defloculating, gelling and thickening
Used also in dermatological preparation
Used in adhensive paste
Sodium alginate polymer is used in the food industry as a stabilizer for ice cream, yogurt, cream, and cheese.
A polymer is obtained by the agglomeration of small molecules called monomers. Monomers are the simple units from which polymers are formed the units that compose the sodium alginate polymer shown in the image attached to this answer are called monomers.
Sodium alginate is obtained from brown seaweed and is useful in the food industry as a stabilizer for ice cream, yogurt, cream, and cheese.
Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/6505878
Magnesium and hydrochloric acid combine in the reaction described by this equation: Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) In a laboratory experiment 45.0 g Mg is reacted with excess HCl. What is the theoretical yield? (Note: The molar masses are Mg = 24.3 g/mol; MgCl2 = 95.2 g/mol.)
Answer:
m = 176.12 g
Explanation:
Let's write the reaction again:
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) --------> MgCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)
This reaction is a simple displacement reaction, in this case, the magnesium is displacing the atoms of hydrogens to form MgCl₂. 1 mole of Mg reacts with 2 moles of HCl. If the magnesium is the limiting reactant, we need to calculate the theorical yield of MgCl₂. The mole ratio between these two is 1:1 so, all we have to do is calculate the moles of magnesium and then the moles of MgCl₂:
moles Mg = 45 / 24.3 = 1.85 moles
As the mole ratio is 1:1 then:
moles Mg = moles MgCl₂ = 1.85 moles
Now, we calculate the mass using the molecular mass:
m = 1.85 * 95.2
m MgCl₂ = 176.12 gThis is the theorical yieldThe theoretical yield of MgCl₂ obtained from the reaction is 176.3 g
We'll begin by calculating the mass of the Mg that reacted and the mass of MgCl₂ produced from the balanced equation.
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) —> MgCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)
Molar mass of Mg = 24.3 g/mol
Mass of Mg from the balanced equation = 1 × 24.3 = 24.3 g
Molar mass of MgCl₂ = 95.2 g/mol
Mass of MgCl₂ from the balanced equation = 1 × 95.2 = 95.2 g
SUMMARY:
From the balanced equation above,
24.3 g of Mg reacted to produce 95.2 g of MgCl₂
Finally, we shall determine the theoretical yield of MgCl₂.From the balanced equation above,
24.3 g of Mg reacted to produce 95.2 g of MgCl₂
Therefore,
45 g of Mg will react to produce = (45 × 95.2)/24.3 = 176.3 g of MgCl₂
Thus, the theoretical yield of MgCl₂ is 176.3 g
Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/14398319
What is the term used to describe the equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water?
Answer: The term used to describe the equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water is ION-PRODUCT CONSTANT of liquid water (Kw).
Explanation:
Autoionization of water can also be called self ionisation in which water molecules undergoes dehydronation reaction( which is reversible) to form hydroxide ion and hydronium ion. This helps to describe water as amphiprotic because it acts as an acid by donating a proton to a base to form the hydroxide ion or as a base by accepting a proton from an acid to form the hydronium ion.
Hence, the equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water is ION-PRODUCT CONSTANT of liquid water (Kw). At 25°C Kw = 1.01× 10-¹⁴.
Final answer:
The equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water is the ion-product constant for water, symbolized as Kw, with a value of 1.0 × 10-14 at 25 ℃.
Explanation:
The equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water is called the ion-product constant for water, and it is given the symbol Kw. The autoionization reaction can be represented as: H2O(l) = H+ (aq) + OH- (aq), and the respective Kw = [H+][OH-]. At 25 ℃, Kw has a value of 1.0 × 10-14. This reaction is an example of autoionization, where like molecules react to yield ions. The value of Kw is temperature-dependent and increases with rising temperatures. For instance, at 100 ℃, the value of Kw is about 5.6 × 10-13, which is significantly larger than at room temperature.
H2(g), I2(g), and HI(g) are at equilibrium at a different temperature in a different vessel. (c) When the temperature in the vessel is decreased, does the equilibrium shift to the right, favoring the product, or to the left, favoring the reactants? Justify your answer. Rigid vessel
Answer:
The reaction will shift rightwards favoring the product.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, considering the chemical reaction to be:
[tex]H_2(g)+I_2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2HI(g) ;\Delta H^o rxn=-9.4kJ/mol;Kc=49[/tex]
We notice that the sign of the change in the enthalpy of the reaction is negative, therefore this an exothermic chemical reaction in which the heat is a product as the reaction vessel heats up as the reaction undergoes. In such a way, by decreasing the temperature we are removing heat and by means of the Le Chatelier's principle, when removing a product, the reaction will shift rightwards favoring the product, HI.
Best regards.
Answer:
the balance will shift to the right, favoring the products. More HI will be formed.
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
H2(g), I2(g), and HI(g) are at equilibrium at a different temperature in a different vessel.
Step 2: The balanced equation
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇆ 2HI(g)
Step 3:
If the temperature is increased, the system will release less heat as reaction.
Since formation of HI is exothermic
When the temperature drops, the system will produce more heat. With the result, the balance will shift to the right, favoring the products. More HI will be formed.
A prostate might be prescribed a total dose ionizing radiation of 72 Gy. In traditional units of rad, how many rad have been prescribed?
Answer:
7200RAD
Explanation:
Note
100RAD=1GY
Hence 72GY=7200RAD
Lisa needs to buy a helium tank to fill up all the balloons. If the helium must be compressed from an original volume of 27.0L at 14.7 psi, down to a volume of 3.00L, what would be the final pressure of the helium?
Answer:
[tex]P_2=135.73psi[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case we use the Boyle's law which allows us to understand the volume-pressure behavior as an inversely proportional relationship:
[tex]V_1P_1=V_2P_2[/tex]
Whereas we solve for [tex]P_2[/tex] as the required final pressure:
[tex]P_2=\frac{V_1P_1}{V_2} =\frac{27.0L*14.7psi}{3.00L}\\ \\P_2=135.73psi[/tex]
Best regards.
When discussing the Arrhenius equation and chemical / enzyme kinetics, which of the following statements is incorrect ? A. A catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction B. A high activation energy signifies that the rate constant depends strongly on temperature C. A negative activation energy indicates that the rate increases as the temperature is raised D. The activation energy, the parameter Ea in the Arrhenius equation, is the minimum energy that a molecular encounter needs in order to result in a reaction E. If a reaction has zero activation energy, its rate is independent of temperature
Answer:
Explanation:
It is letter d
select the correct formula for each compound for each compound
boron tribromide
Answer:
BBr3
Explanation:
Attached image.
Boron tribromide:
BBr3
phosphorus trihydride:
PH3
Nitrogen gas has the chemical formula N2. One molecule of nitrogen gas is made up of
A.
one atom of nitrogen and one atom of oxygen.
B.
two atoms of nitrogen and one atom of oxygen.
C.
two atoms of nitrogen.
D.
one atom of nitrogen.
Nitrogen gas has the chemical formula N2. One molecule of nitrogen gas is made up of two atoms of nitrogen.
The correct option is C.
Explanation:
Nitrogen gas has the chemical formula [tex]N_{2}[/tex], which means that two atoms of nitrogen element combined to form nitrogen gas.
The combination of two atoms of element nitrogen produce dinitrogen atom.
Dinitrogen is the nitrogen gas usually present in atmosphere of the earth in abundance.
2 atoms of nitrogen element
N + N = [tex]N_{2}[/tex]
the gas is colorless and odorless formed at standard condition of temperature and pressure. The two nitrogen atoms are tightly bonded with triple bonds in between the atoms.
One molecule of nitrogen gas is made up of C. Two atoms of nitrogen.
Nitrogen gas, with the chemical formula N₂, consists of molecules that each contain two nitrogen atoms bonded together. The formula N₂ indicates that the gas is diatomic, meaning it is composed of pairs of nitrogen atoms. Each molecule of nitrogen gas has no oxygen atoms and consists solely of nitrogen.
The molecular formula N₂ reflects the fact that nitrogen naturally forms a diatomic molecule in its elemental state. This diatomic nature is due to the strong triple bond between the two nitrogen atoms, which is the most stable configuration for nitrogen in its gaseous form.
how many atoms are in 32grams of sulfwr
Answer:
which is 6160.506
Explanation:
32 grams of sulfur will contain 6.022 X 1023 sulfur atoms
What is the pH of a solution with an [H+] = 4.73x10^-7 M
Answer:
The answer to your question is pH = 6.3
Explanation:
Data
pH = ?
[H⁺] = 4.73 x 10⁻⁷ M
pH is the measure of the concentration of [H⁺]. pH measures the acidity of the solution. If the value of pH is between 0 and 6.9, the solution is an acid. If the pH is 7.0 the solution is neutral and if the pH is between 7.1 and 14, the solution is an alkali.
Formula
pH = -log[H⁺]
Substitution
pH = -log[4.73 x 10⁻⁷]
-Simplification
pH = - (-6.3)
-Result
pH = 6.3
Suppose we have two rock samples, A and B. If rock A was subject to both physical and chemical weathering while rock B was subject to chemical weathering only. Which rock would experience more chemical weathering? why?
Answer:
Rock A because after physical weather and chemical weathering it more likely for Rock A to experience more chemical weathering.
Explanation: Weathering: This is a geological term used to describe the various processes and Activities involved in the breaking down of rocks either through physical,mechanical,chemical etc actions into smaller particles.
ROCK A WILL HAVE MORE CHEMICAL WEATHERING BECAUSE THE PHYSICAL WEATHERING MUST HAVE BROKEN DOWN THE PARTICLES FOR EASY WATER AND OTHER SUBSTANCE NEEDED FOR EASIER CHEMICAL REACTION OR WEATHERING.
How does the position of the sun, Earth, and moon affect the moon
phases, eclipses, and tides?
Answer:
It is NOT ONLY gravitational attraction. The earth casts a shadow on the moon causing the moon phases. And likewise the moon casts a shadow on the earth during a solar eclipse. A shadow meaning the object casting the shadow is between the sun and the other object. as for the tides that IS gravitational attraction. The moon pulls on the ocean to create tides
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP ASAP BRAINLIEST!!!
A student needs to convert a pressure of 2.3 atm to kpa. What conversion factor should the student use?
Answer:
101.3 kPa / 1 atm (first choice)
Explanation:
1 atm = 101.3 kPa, so to convert atm to kPa, just multiply the given value by 101.3 kPa.
Hope this helps
It's January in Nashville and your local weather station just informed you that the temperature outside is
15.4°F. You estimate the amount of ice on your driveway to be approximately 30 kg. What is the minimum amount
of sodium chloride in kilograms (kg) needed to lower the freezing point of the water so that the ice melts?
3.84 Kg of sodium chloride is needed to lower the freezing point of the water so that ice melts.
Explanation:
Data given:
mass of ice = 30 Kg
molar mass of NaCl = 58.5 grams/mole
ΔT(depression in freezing point) = 15.4 F or - 9.22 degrees
Kf = 1.86 degree C/ mole
Molality = ?
mass of NaCl =?
i = 2 (because NaCl breaks into 2 ions)
ΔT = iKfm equation 1
Depression in freezing point when ice melts, the temperature is 0 degrees so
the depression in temperature = 9.22 degrees
putting the values in the equation:
9.22 = 2 x 1.86 x [tex]\frac{mass}{58.5}[/tex] x[tex]\frac{1}{30}[/tex]
mass = 3.84 kg of NaCl will be required to lower the freezing point of the water so that the ice melts.
All of the following will normally be found in the filtrate except
Answer:
Erythrocytes
Explanation:
Water passes through the Bowman's capsule into the glomerular filtrate and so do salts, glucose, urea, amino acids, and a majority of smaller proteins (molecular weight < 68,000). Erythrocytes or other blood cells do not enter the glomerular filtrate.
which three elements are combined in magnesium carbonaye
Answer:
Magnesium, Carbon and Oxygen.
Explanation:
Answer:Magnesium carbonate is a magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals. It has a role as an antacid and a fertilizer. It is a magnesium salt, a carbonate salt and a one-carbon compound.
Explanation:
An unfortunate squirrel is hit by a car. A small bit of gas originally 0.005 L in volume is trapped in the squirrel's body at a temperature of 308 K. During the day, the Sun heats the squirrel to a temperature of 328 K. What is the volume of the gas in the squirrel now (keep 4 decimals in your answer)?
Answer: The volume of the gas in the squirrel now is 0.00532 L
Explanation:
To calculate the final volume of the system, we use the equation given by Charles' Law. This law states that volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure.
Mathematically,
[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]V_1\text{ and }T_1[/tex] are the initial volume and temperature of the gas.
[tex]V_2\text{ and }T_2[/tex] are the final volume and temperature of the gas.
We are given:
[tex]V_1=0.005L\\T_1=308K\\V_2=?\\T_2=328K[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\frac{0.005}{308}=\frac{V_2}{328}\\\\V_2=0.0053L[/tex]
Thus the volume of the gas in the squirrel now is 0.00532 L
A 150 mL sample of hydrochloric acid (HCl) completely reacted with 60.0 mL of a 0.100 M NaOH solution. The equation for the reaction is given below.
[tex]HCl + NaOH \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O[/tex]
What was the original concentration of the HCl solution?
Answer: 0.0400 M
Explanation:
[tex]HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O[/tex]
To calculate the volume of acid, we use the equation given by neutralization reaction:
[tex]n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2[/tex]
where,
[tex]n_1,M_1\text{ and }V_1[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of acid which is [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]
[tex]n_2,M_2\text{ and }V_2[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of base which is NaOH.
We are given:
[tex]n_1=1\\M_1=?\\V_1=150mL\\n_2=1\\M_2=0.100M\\V_2=60.0mL[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]1\times M_1\times 150=1\times 0.100\times 60.0\\\\M_1=0.0400M[/tex]
Thus the original concentration of the HCl solution is 0.0400 M
The freezing point of a substance is always _____ the melting point of that substance.
A.) lower than
B.) higher than
C.) the same as
D.) it depends on what the substance is.
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Answer:
freezing point is any temperature in which a substance turns into ice and melting point is the point in which a substance changes into liquid from ice..So, the correct ans is A(lower than)
What substance does a tree use for food?
a. photosynthesis b. chlorophyll
c. glucose
d. leaves
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The leaves contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which colors the leaves green.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Chlorophyll can make food the plant can use from carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and energy from sunlight.
A 6.0M solution HCl is diluted to 1.0M How many milliliters of the 6.0M solution would be used to prepare 100.o mL of the diluted 1.0M solution ?
Answer:
The answer to your question is Volume 1 = 16.7 ml
Explanation:
Data
[HCl] 1 = 6.0 M
Volume 1 = ?
[HCl] 2 = 1.0 M
Volume 2 = 100 ml
Process
To solve this problem use the dilution formula
[HCl] 1 x Volume 1 = [HCl] 2 x Volume 2
-Solve for Volume 1
Volume 1 = [HCl] 2 x Volume 2 / [HCl] 1
-Substitution
Volume 1 = 1 x 100 / 6
-Simplification
Volume 1 = 100/6
-Result
Volume 1 = 16.7 ml
How many electrons are unpaired in the orbitals of nitrogen?
The nitrogen has one unpaired electron in its orbitals.
How many electrons are unpaired in the orbitals of nitrogen?The number of electrons in nitrogen (N) is 7 because its atomic number is 7. To find out how many single electrons there are in the orbitals of nitrogen, we have to write down the way its electrons are arranged.
The electron configuration of nitrogen is: 1s² 2s² 2p³
In the 2p orbital, there are three electrons (2p³). Since each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons, we know that two electrons will be paired in one of the 2p orbitals, and one electron will be unpaired in another 2p orbital.
Therefore, nitrogen has one unpaired electron in its orbitals.
Read more about nitrogen here:
https://brainly.com/question/1380063
#SPJ6
Li20 + MgCl2 → 2LiCl + Mgo
Name the second reactant:
Name the first product:
How many Lithiums on the product side?
Answer:
1. magnesium chloride
2. lithium chloride
3. 2
Explanation:
Know how to figure names (their are rules, be familiar with them)
Count the number
- Hope that helps! Let me know if you need further explanation.
Final answer:
In the reaction Li2O + MgCl2 → 2LiCl + MgO, the second reactant is magnesium chloride (MgCl2), the first product is lithium chloride (LiCl), and there are 2 lithium atoms on the product side.
Explanation:
The chemical reaction you are referring to is Li2O + MgCl2 → 2LiCl + MgO. In compliance with your question:
The second reactant in the equation is magnesium chloride (MgCl2).The first product of this reaction is lithium chloride (LiCl).On the product side, there are 2 lithium (Li) atoms, as indicated by the coefficient in front of LiCl.It's essential to note that in a balanced chemical equation, the number of atoms of each element must be the same on both the reactants and the products side.
Scoring Scheme: 3-3-2-1 Part III. For each trial, enter the amount of heat gained by the chemical system of ammonium nitrate, qrxn. The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/goC. Report your answer using 4 digits. Trial
Question:
The information given is:
Trial # Tiwater T f ΔT Masswater (m)
#1: 21.2 10.8 10.8 24.990
#2: 20.8 9.50 9.5 25.000
#3: 20.9 9.20 9.2 25.010
Answer:
The heat of the reaction is -5985 J
Explanation:
The heat absorbed by the water is given by
ΔQ = m·c·ΔT
From which
∑ (ΔT·m)/3 = 278.34 kg·°C
ΔQ = c×∑ (ΔT·m)/3 = 4.184 J/g·°C×278.34 kg·°C = 1164.565 J
ΔQ Calorimter = Specific heat capacity of calorimeter, [tex]c_{calorimeter}[/tex] × ΔT[tex]_{average}[/tex]
Where the [tex]c_{calorimeter}[/tex] = 443 J/°C for example, we have
ΔQ Calorimter = 443×11.133 = 4820.733 J
From which the heat of reaction is then
[tex]\Delta Q_{reaction} = -(\Delta Q_{water} + \Delta Q_{calorimter})[/tex]
[tex]\Delta Q_{reaction} = -5985.298 \, J[/tex]
Using 4 digits, we get
[tex]\Delta Q_{reaction} \approx -5985 \, J[/tex].
Hydrothermal vents, submarine hot springs, and methane cold seeps release heat and chemicals deep below the surface of the ocean. Surprisingly, the areas around these sites are able to support ecosystems. Based on this information, such ocean ecosystems most likely contain A. primary consumers that obtain energy from photosynthetic plants. B. primary producers that create energy from oxidizing chemicals. C. primary producers that obtain energy from photosynthetic plants. D. primary consumers that create energy from oxidizing chemicals.
Answer:
Primary producers that create energy from oxidizing chemicals. (Ans. B).
Explanation:
Hydrothermal vents, submarine hot springs form as a result of volcanic activity on the ocean floor. Cracks occur in the Earth's crust, water seeps dissolving minerals and evolves superheated from.
Through the process of chemosynthesis, some specialized species such as crabs, shrimp, slugs, etc generate energy from the H2S (hydrogen sulfide) which is present in the mineral abundant water splashing out of the vents. These bacteria are able to support ecosystems as a primary producer form the bottom level of the food chain in which all other animals are dependent.
Final answer:
Ocean ecosystems around hydrothermal vents support thriving communities of living things, including primary consumers that create energy from oxidizing chemicals.
Explanation:
The ocean ecosystems around hydrothermal vents, submarine hot springs, and methane cold seeps are able to support thriving communities of living things. These ecosystems contain chemoautotrophic bacteria that synthesize complex organic molecules, such as glucose, using energy from inorganic compounds like hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) released from the vents. The rest of the ecosystem, including primary consumers like swimming shrimp, squat lobsters, and vent mussels, obtain energy from these bacteria, making option D. primary consumers that create energy from oxidizing chemicals the correct answer.