Answer:
this is just an example: 1. ask friend to borrow keys to get something from car. 2. ask to borrow car itself to take thing home. 3. explain it's going to take a while to drive car home and back so might as well just borrow car for the night.
Explanation:
foot in the door phenomenon is asking for something small and gradually building up to a larger request. most people are hesitant if you ask for something big right off the bat, but are more likely to accept bigger requests if they've accepted a smaller request and are eased into the larger one.
To borrow a friend's car using the foot-in-the-door technique, start by asking for a smaller favor to establish a precedent of compliance, then make the larger request to borrow the car.
To use the foot-in-the-door technique, you can first ask to borrow something small from her, such as a book or a piece of clothing. Once she has agreed to this smaller request, you can then follow up by asking to borrow her car for the night. The foot-in-the-door phenomenon suggests that she will be more likely to agree to the larger request after having said yes to the smaller one because agreeing to the small favor sets a precedent for cooperative behavior and can make her feel more committed to helping you further.
Where in the parathyroid gland is pth produced?
Final answer:
PTH is produced by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands and regulates blood calcium levels by influencing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and bone dynamics.
Explanation:
The parathyroid glands are responsible for the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a crucial role in regulating blood calcium concentrations. PTH is produced by the chief cells located within these glands. When blood calcium levels fall below normal, PTH is secreted to increase the calcium levels by enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, stimulating osteoclast activity (which releases calcium from bones), and promoting the synthesis of calcitriol, which aids in dietary calcium absorption from the digestive system.
These functions of PTH maintain homeostatic calcium levels in the body.
Ventilation perfusion coupling means that more blood flows past functional alveoli than past nonfunctional alveoli. true or false
Ventilation perfusion coupling means that more blood flows past functional alveoli than past nonfunctional alveoli. False. In ventilation perfusion coupling, the goal is to match airflow and blood flow for optimal gas exchange in the lungs. However, there may be variations in blood flow and ventilation.
Explanation:Ventilation perfusion coupling means that more blood flows past functional alveoli than past nonfunctional alveoli. False. Ventilation refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, while perfusion refers to the blood flow to the lungs. In the context of ventilation perfusion coupling, the goal is to match the airflow and blood flow to optimize gas exchange in the lungs. Ideally, blood flow would be directed towards functional alveoli, where there is adequate ventilation. However, in reality, there may be variations in blood flow and ventilation, resulting in some blood flowing past nonfunctional alveoli as well.
Learn more about Ventilation perfusion coupling here:https://brainly.com/question/33311121
#SPJ11
Ventilation perfusion coupling is a crucial process that matches the flow of air and blood in our lungs. It optimizes the efficiency of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal by directing more blood past well-ventilated (functional) alveoli and less past poorly ventilated (non-functional) alveoli.
Explanation:The statement about ventilation perfusion coupling is indeed true. Ventilation perfusion coupling is a mechanism by which the body ensures efficient gas exchange in the lungs by matching ventilation and blood flow. When ventilation is sufficient, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli remains high. If ventilation is insufficient, the body constricts the pulmonary arteriole serving the affected alveolus, which redirects blood flow towards alveoli with sufficient ventilation. Meanwhile, pulmonary arterioles serving well-ventilated alveoli dilate, allowing more blood flow. This process enhances the overall efficiency of oxygen transport and carbon dioxide removal, ensuring more blood flows past functional alveoli than past nonfunctional alveoli.
Learn more about Ventilation Perfusion Coupling here:https://brainly.com/question/33311121
#SPJ6
The peripheral nervous system is made up of
Answer:
Somatic and autonomic nervous system
Explanation:
It consists of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Final answer:
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is comprised of nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, facilitating communication between the brain, limbs, and organs. It has two main subdivisions: the somatic and the autonomic systems and is further divided into sensory and motor divisions.
Explanation:
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is an essential component of the human nervous system. It comprises a network of nerves that extend from the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, to various parts of the body. The PNS is responsible for connecting the CNS to limbs and organs, essentially serving as a communication relay back and forth between the brain and the extremities. It is made up of thick bundles of axons, known as nerves, which carry messages between the CNS and the muscles, organs, and sensory systems in the periphery of the body.
The PNS has two primary subdivisions: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is concerned with conscious perception and voluntary motor responses, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion.
The PNS is also divided into sensory and motor divisions. The sensory division is responsible for transmitting sensory information to the CNS, and the motor division is involved in transmitting motor commands from the CNS to the rest of the body.
The following sentences describe some glycolysis reactions. Fill in the blanks. Note that a single red X will appear if you answer any of the blanks incorrectly. Feedback will be placed next to a blank that is incorrectly filled. Not all the terms will be placed. Some terms will be used more than once.In the first reaction of glycolysis, glucose is converted to ________. The phosphate from __________. A _______ is an enzyme that transfers the terminal phosphate of __________ to a substrate. The product of this reaction is then to __________ fructose-6-phosphate. Fructose-6-phosphate is then phosphorylated by a second ________ reaction, giving _________.
Answer:
The correct answer will be
1. Glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate.
2. A hexose kinase is an enzyme.
3. Terminal phosphate of ATP to a substrate.
4. The product of this reaction is then to form isomer fructose-6-phosphate.
5. Fructose-6-phosphate is then phosphorylated by a second phosphate ester synthesis reaction,
6. giving fructose-1,6 bisphosphate.
Explanation:
Glycolysis is a sequential breakdown of glucose into product pyruvate releasing energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. This reaction takes place in ten steps in which the first three steps are ATP consuming reactions while last steps yield ATP molecules.
Step 1: includes the breakdown of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of enzyme hexose kinase which helps in the transfer of phosphate group from ATP to intermediate formed. This reaction is known as Phosphate ester synthesis.
Step 2: includes isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate which is again broken down to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase which again transfers a phosphate group from ATP. This is also a Phosphate ester synthesis reaction.
Thus, filled options are the correct answer.
Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis?
Answer:
Muscularis externa layer.
Explanation:
The muscularis externa layer lies adjacent to the submucosa membrane. This is the third layer of the gastro intestinal tract. The muscularis externa of the colon is thick as it carries and passes urine and feces.
Muscularis externa layer prevents the backward travelling of food. This layer is mainly responsible for the peristalsis movement of food in the gastro intestinal tract and responsible for the segmentation as well.
The muscularis externa, a layer in the alimentary canal, is responsible for both segmentation (mixing) and peristalsis (propulsion) of food through rhythmic muscle contractions, facilitating digestion and nutrient absorption.
The muscular layer of the alimentary canal, known as the "muscularis externa," is responsible for both segmentation and peristalsis. Peristalsis is the coordinated, rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in the muscularis externa that propels food through the digestive tract, while segmentation involves the mixing and churning of food to facilitate digestion and absorption.
These muscular movements are essential for moving food through the digestive system and breaking it down into smaller particles for nutrient absorption.
For more questions on alimentary canal:
https://brainly.com/question/1985513
#SPJ12
47. Find the mismatched pair: A)Facilitated diffusion Extrusion of ions or small molecule with expense of Ar B) Uniport-A single molecule or ion passes through a carrier, regardless of direction (in or out) C) Antiport_Type of coupled transport in which one solute enters, another one exits the cell D)Symport--Type of coupled transport in which two solutes simultaneously enter or exit the cell.
Answer:
Option (A).
Explanation:
Facilitated diffusion may be defined as the process of movement of the particles from the region of higher concentration towards the region of lower concentration with the help of specific integral transmembrane protein.
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive diffusion and solute particle down the concentration gradient. So this process doesn't require an ATP or any other energy source.
Thus, the mismatched pair is option (A).
Two parents consult a genetic counselor. They do not understand why all their sons are colorblind (an X-linked trait) but none of their daughters are colorblind. Both of the parents appear normal. How would you explain this to the parents?
Answer:
There is 50% probability that a son of carrier mother (X^cX) and normal father (XY) is affected with colorblindness. Since father is normal, all the daughters will be normal.
Explanation:
Being X linked recessive trait, males can be affected with colorblindness if their mother is either colorblind or carrier for the disease. Since both the parents are normal, the mother is carrier for the disease and is heterozygous dominant with genotype X^c X. She would deliver the "X^C" to 50% of her sons making them colorblind.
Daughters can get affected with X linked disorder such as colorblindness if their father is affected with the disease. In the given question, father is normal (XY). So, none of the daughters can be colorblind.
Final answer:
Color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait. Boys can be colorblind if they inherit the colorblind gene from their mother, as they only have one X chromosome. Girls can be carriers of the colorblind gene but do not express color blindness due to the presence of a normal gene on their second X chromosome.
Explanation:
Color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait, which means it is associated with the X chromosome. Since boys only have one X chromosome, if it carries the colorblind gene, they will be colorblind. On the other hand, girls have two X chromosomes, so even if one X chromosome carries the colorblind gene, the other X chromosome with a normal gene for color vision will mask the recessive colorblind gene. Thus, girls with one colorblind allele and one normal allele are carriers and do not express color blindness.
1. Where is the CFTR protein found?
in heart cells
in cells lining the lungs
in every cell in the body
in muscle cells
in skeletal cells
Answer:
CFTR protein is found in the cells lining the lungs
The phosphate transport system in bacteria imports phosphate into the cell even when the concentration of phosphate outside the cell is much lower than the cytoplasmic phosphate concentration. Phosphate import depends on a pH gradient across the membranemore acidic outside the cell than inside the cell. In this bacterial cell, phosphate transport is an example of ________.
Answer:
Co-transport.
Explanation:
Co-transport may be defined as the process of transport of two molecules across the membrane without the use of energy. Two types of co transport are symport and antiport.
The bacteria transport system import phosphate into the cell. The import of the phosphate depends on pH. Since, the import of phosphate depends on pH and does not depend on the ATPase activity. Here, the phosphate molecules can simultaneously cross the membranes.
Thus, the answer is co-transport.
In bacteria, the phosphate transport system that functions despite a lower external phosphate concentration and relies on a pH gradient is an example of active transport, which uses energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
Explanation:The phosphate transport system in bacteria imports phosphate into the cell even when the concentration of phosphate outside the cell is much lower than the cytoplasmic phosphate concentration. When phosphate import depends on a pH gradient across the membrane—more acidic outside the cell than inside the cell—this process is an example of active transport.
Active transport requires energy to move substances across a membrane, typically against their concentration gradient. Examples of active transport mechanisms include the sodium-potassium pump, which exchanges sodium for potassium ions against their respective concentration gradients using ATP. Similarly, phosphate is transported into bacterial cells against its gradient, facilitated by a pH difference, and this process too may utilize energy in the form of ATP or other couplings with primary active transport mechanisms.
In some cases, substances are modified during the import process as seen in group translocation, which also contributes to the energy-neutral import of substances like sugars via the phosphotransferase system. Nonetheless, the essential characteristic of active transport is the use of energy to accomplish the movement of substances across cell membranes.
Learn more about Active Transport here:https://brainly.com/question/29759743
#SPJ3
Toxicology is the study of: a. The harmful effects of chemicals on biological systems. b. neurontin on animals c. none of these d. political thought in America e. possible actions of water and miscibility of chemicals
Answer:
The harmful effects of chemicals on biological systems
Explanation:
Toxicology is an interdisciplinary subject that involves chemistry, pharmacology, biology and medicine. Mathieu Orfila is known as the father of modern toxicology.
Toxicology generally deals with the study of harmful effects of poison or chemicals on the living system. Rate of exposure, age, sex and duration of dosage are some factors that can influence chemical toxicity.
Thus, the correct answer is option (a).
In some specialized cells of eukaryotes, a very high level of gene expression can be achieved when DNA is copied repeatedly without cell division for example, some insect larvae maximize production of salivary proteins by means of this process:
Answer:
In some specialized cells of eukaryotes, a very high level of gene expression can be achieved when DNA is copied repeatedly without cell division for example, some insect larvae maximize production of salivary proteins by means of this process: polytene chromosomes.
29. Approximately how many molecules of ATP are synthesized via cellular respiration for every glucose molecule used? (assume oxygenated environment)
a. 12
b. 24
c. 36
d. 48
Answer: c. 36
Explanation:
Cellular respiration oxidizes food molecules. The chemiosmotic model suggests that one ATP molecule is generated for each proton pump activated by the electron transport chain. Since the electrons from NADH activate three pumps and those from FADH2 activate two, we would expect each molecule of NADH and FADH2 to generate three and two ATP molecules, respectively.
However, because eukaryotic cells carry out glycolysis in their cytoplasm and the Krebs cycle within their mitochondria, they must transport the two molecules of NADH produced during glycolysis across the mitochondrial membranes, which requires one ATP per molecule of NADH. Thus, the net ATP production is decreased by two. Therefore, the overall ATP production resulting from aerobic respiration theoretically should be 4 (from substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis) + 30 (3 from each of 10 molecules of NADH) + 4 (2 from each of 2 molecules of FADH2) – 2 (for transport of glycolytic NADH) = 36 molecules of ATP
Which of the following statements is FALSE? Which of the following statements is FALSE? Myoglobin is a single polypeptide chain folded about a heme prosthetic group. Hemoglobin is a tetramer, each of which binds a heme group. In both hemoglobin and myoglobin, iron is chelated by a tetrapyrole ring system. The iron in both hemoglobin and myoglobin has two coordination sites that bind to oxygen.
That would be D(the last one).
Iron in both hemoglobin and myoglobin has 1 coordination site that bind to O2.
Each iron chelated in a tetrapyrrole/porphyrin ring can bind to one oxygen molecule. That is why we say hemoglobin can carry a maximum number of 4 O2 molecules. (See attached pic)
Final answer:
The false statement is that the iron in both hemoglobin and myoglobin has two coordination sites that bind to oxygen. Myoglobin has one vacant coordination site for O₂, not two, and in hemoglobin, each of the four iron atoms also has one binding site for oxygen.
Explanation:
The statement "The iron in both hemoglobin and myoglobin has two coordination sites that bind to oxygen" is the FALSE statement. In myoglobin, the heme iron is five-coordinate, meaning it has a single histidine imidazole ligand from the protein and the four nitrogen atoms of the porphyrin to bind, leaving one vacant coordination site for O₂ to bind. In contrast, while hemoglobin is a tetramer and each subunit binds a heme group, the iron at the center of these heme groups does not have two oxygen binding sites, but rather one like in myoglobin.
Myoglobin is a single polypeptide chain that includes a heme prosthetic group, and hemoglobin consists of four polypeptide chains (two alpha and two beta units), each binding a heme group. Both proteins have iron chelated by a tetrapyrole ring system, which is a fundamental component of the heme group that allows these proteins to bind oxygen and function in oxygen transport or storage.
Scientists have conducted multiple experiments on cancer cells to determine how they reproduce. All
studies have shown the same result. Choose the correct response that explains the results
Cancer cells reproduce every second and are impossible to control
Cancer cells contain stem cells and continue to differentiate, making it difficult for the body to stop
reproducing the cancer cells
O Cancer cells lack contact inhibition; therefore, they do not stop reproducing
Answer:
Cancer cells lack contact inhibition; therefore, they do not stop reproducing
Explanation:
The lattice or meshwork of __________ forms spongy bone.
Answer: the correct answer is Trabeculae .
The lattice or meshwork of trabeculae forms spongy bone.
Explanation:
Trabeculae of bone provide structural support to the spongy bone found at the ends of long bones.
which statements about allosteric enzymes are true? exhibit cooperativity in substrate binding (homoallostery) exhibit regulation of their activity by other, effector molecules (heteroallostery) there is no difference in the binding curve for a cooperative binding versus noncooperative binding enzyme are frequently multisubunit proteins, with multiple active sites
Allosteric enzymes, often multisubunit proteins, can exhibit homoallostery and heteroallostery. There is, however, a difference in the binding curve for a cooperative binding versus a noncooperative binding enzyme.
Explanation:Allosteric enzymes are indeed often multisubunit proteins that have multiple active sites. They can exhibit homoallostery, where they show cooperativity in substrate binding. This means that the binding of one substrate molecule to one active site increases the affinity of the rest of the active sites for the same substrate.
Allosteric enzymes also exhibit heteroallostery, meaning, their activity can be regulated by other effector molecules binding to a site other than the active site. Effectors can be either inhibitors or activators that decrease or increase the enzyme's activity respectively.
However, it's not accurate to say there is no difference in the binding curve for a cooperative binding versus noncooperative binding enzyme. The binding curve for allosteric enzymes (cooperative binding) is sigmoidal, while for non-allosteric enzymes (noncooperative binding), it is hyperbolic.
Learn more about Allosteric Enzymes here:https://brainly.com/question/34611191
#SPJ6
Allosteric enzymes exhibit cooperativity in substrate binding and can be regulated by effector molecules. They typically show different binding curves for cooperative versus noncooperative binding. These enzymes are often multisubunit proteins, with multiple active sites that can be influenced by effector molecules.
Explanation:The statements about allosteric enzymes given by the student consist of several true points. Allosteric enzymes do indeed exhibit cooperativity in substrate binding (also known as homoallostery), which means that the binding of a substrate molecule to one active site on the enzyme can enhance the binding of more substrate molecules to other active sites. Furthermore, allosteric enzymes can be regulated by effector molecules (referred to as heteroallostery), which can either inhibit or activate the enzyme.
However, there is a distinction in the binding curve for allosteric enzymes with cooperative versus noncooperative binding; cooperative binding often results in a sigmoidal (or S-shaped) enzyme kinetics curve, whilst noncooperative binding usually produces a hyperbolic curve. Also, allosteric enzymes are often multisubunit proteins, meaning they are composed of more than one polypeptide chain and possess multiple active sites. These active sites can be influenced by the binding of effector molecules, leading to changes in the enzyme's activity.
Learn more about Allosteric Enzymes here:https://brainly.com/question/28340950
#SPJ6
The highest rate of absorption in the digestive tract takes place in which of the following? The large intestines The stomach The liver The small intestines
Answer:
The small intestine.
Explanation:
Digestion may be defined as the process of breakdown of large food molecule into simpler substances with the help of enzymes and digestive juices. Digestive system includes the alimentary canal and its associated glands.
The process of complete digestion and maximum absorption occur in the small intestine. Small intestine contains numerous finger like structures called villi, these villi increases the surface area that helps in the food absorption.
Thus, the correct answer is option (4).
Answer:
liver
Explanation:
The process by which osteoblasts add layers to circumferential lamellae is
Answer:
Oppositional growth
Explanation:
Oppsositional growth is that process by which osteoblasts add layers to the circumferential lamellae, and the growth of bone is in its width, which is because of addition of extracellular matrix at peripheries.
A damages axon in the PNS may be able to regenerate only if the cell body is intact. Why do you think that the cell body must be intact for regeneration to occur?
Answer:
Explanation:
The central nervous system (CNS) does not have capacity to repair itself but, the PNS or the peripheral nervous system can repair and regenerate itself. The PNS can regenerate its damaged axon only when its cell body or cyton and its neurilemma are intact. The proximal end of the cyton has growth cones. The axon grows from the cones.
The cell body or soma of a neuron is crucial for axon regeneration because it is the site of protein synthesis and energy production, which are necessary for the rebuilding of the axon and its myelin sheath. The myelin sheath allows for efficient signal transmission along the axon and requires proteins produced in the soma for its structure and function. New research involving intracellular signal peptide (ISP) shows promising results for supporting nerve regeneration.
Explanation:The cell body of a neuron, or its soma, is the central part of the neuron that contains the nucleus. This part of the cell is critical for its survival and function. It is in the cell body where all the protein synthesis and energy production necessary for the neuron to function takes place. Somas produce the proteins that are necessary for the structure and function of the axon and its myelin sheath.
The myelin sheath, made by Schwann cells in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), is critical to the functioning of the axon. It acts as an insulator for the axon, allowing electrical signals to travel down the axon in a rapid and efficient manner. This is through a process known as saltatory conduction, where the signal jumps between gaps in the myelin called Nodes of Ranvier.
When an axon is damaged, the cell body is necessary to orchestrate the rebuilding of the myelin and the axon. If the cell body is not intact, these processes cannot occur, hence preventing regeneration. Recent scientific research has shown promise for supporting the regeneration process through a drug called intracellular signal peptide (ISP), potentially offering new avenues for nerve healing in the future.
Learn more about Neuron regeneration here:https://brainly.com/question/28431620
#SPJ3
The primary function of the lymphatic system is
Answer:
The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.
Explanation:
23. What biological term is best used to explain the color of leaves changing with the decreased in ambient UV light as seasons change? a. Photo-periodism c. Growth hibernation b. Evanescence d. Photo-liberation
Answer: a. Photo-periodism
Explanation:
The relative length of the day is considered as a major factor in the development of plants, particularly in sexual reproduction. The plants were grouped considering that the flowering and fruiting occurs only when the length of the day is within certain limits so that these phases are achieved only in certain times of the year. Therefore, some species respond to long days, while others respond to short days, and still, others are capable of responding to all day lengths. The name and meaning of each group became as follows:
Short Day Plants: They are the species that bloom in smaller photoperiods than a critical maximum.
Long day plants. These are the species that bloom in larger photoperiods than a critical minimum.
Neutral day plants: They are those that bloom in a wide range of the photoperiod.
What are sleep patterns?
What are the two major components of extracellular matrix?
The two main components of the extracellular matrix are Elastin and Collagen.
The extracellular matrix is an intricate macromolecular network that is found in the extracellular space. The matrix is composed of polysaccharides and very diverse proteins, locally secreted and assembled forming a complex network that surrounds the cells. The matrix is highly developed in connective tissue and its derivatives. The extracellular matrix is formed mainly by proteins, glycosaminoglycans,proteoglycans and glycoproteins, organized in diverse networks that constitute the different tissues. The most abundant proteins are collagen and elastin.
Collagen is a family of very abundant proteins in the body of animals. Collagen molecules can represent 25 to 30 % of all body proteins. Its main mission in the tissues is to form a framework that supports the tissues and that resists the forces of mechanical tension.
The elastin molecules are very close to each other through links between the regions rich in the amino acid lysine. It is an abundant protein in may extracellular matrices and appears as a component of the so called elastic fibers, which are onsoluble aggregates of proteins.
The extracellular matrix, a structure provided by cells that lack cell walls, majorly consists of proteoglycans and fibrous proteins such as collagen. Proteoglycans form the bulky mass, while fibrous proteins provide strength.
Explanation:The two major components of the extracellular matrix are proteoglycans and fibrous proteins such as collagen. Proteoglycans form the bulky mass of the extracellular matrix. They are proteins that are heavily glycosylated, meaning they have several carbohydrate molecules attached to them. On the other hand, fibrous proteins such as collagen provide strength to the structure. They are long and stringy in structure and are known primarily for their tensile strength and resistance to stretching. Both of these components are attached to fibronectin proteins which, in turn, are connected to integrin proteins. These integrin proteins interact with transmembrane proteins in the plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells that lack cell walls.
Learn more about Extracellular Matrix here:https://brainly.com/question/30701384
#SPJ3
Which of the following is a NOT a function of liver?
a. release enzymes for chemical digestion of food
b. detoxification
c. carbohydrate metabolism
d. bile formation
d. cholesterol excretion
Answer:
release enzymes for chemical digestion of food
Explanation:
Liver is a large organ located on the right upper quadrant just below the diaphragm of an organism.
Liver detoxifies the drug and harmful substances of the body. Liver produces bile juice, regulate carbohydrate metabolism and regulates the cholesterol excretion. Liver doesn't produce any enzyme for the the digestion of food. The bile juice of liver contains salts and chemical that helps in the emulsification of food.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
What are the components of the integumentary system?
Skin, hair, nails, and glands
Skin, cardiac muscles, joints, and glands
Joints, bones, skeletal muscles, and skin
Hair, blood cells, smooth muscles, and joints
Answer: Skin, hair, nails, and glands
Explanation:
The integumentary system is an organ system. It consists of skin, hair, feathers, scales, hooves, exocrine glands and nails. These structures provides the external protection to the body from different types of damage like loss of water, injury and invasion of pathogens.
The skin is a thick outer cover of the entire body. It protects the body from incident UV rays, chemicals, physical damage and diseases.
The nails and hair are the extensions from the skin. They are composed of hard keratin material. They also provide protection against unfavorable external environmental conditions.
The exogenous glands are the glands which are present over the superficial tissues. These produce secretions which protects the entry of microbes inside the body.
A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. During the citric acid cycle, radioactive carbon would first appear in:
Answer:
C. carbon dioxide
Explanation:
In the citric acid cycle, CO2 is released, and radioactive carbon would be released in the form of CO2 from the citric acid cycle after 3 rounds.
In the citric acid cycle, radioactive carbon first appears in the cells of the mesophyll tissue.
Explanation:In the citric acid cycle, radioactive carbon would first appear in the cells of the mesophyll tissue.
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within the cells of living organisms. The cycle is a key process by which cells generate energy from the food they consume.
Radioactive carbon can be introduced into the cycle through the consumption of radioactive carbon-14, which is a radioisotope of carbon that is produced in the atmosphere when nitrogen-14 is bombarded with cosmic rays. This radioactive carbon-14 is then incorporated into the cells of the mesophyll tissue, where it undergoes a series of chemical reactions as part of the citric acid cycle.
The citric acid cycle begins with the breakdown of glucose molecules into pyruvate, which is converted into acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is then fed into the cycle, where it is converted into citrate through a series of chemical reactions involving enzymes such as citrate synthase, aconitase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase.
Learn more about citric acid cycle here:https://brainly.com/question/30421074
#SPJ2
Explain, physiologically, why the ERV and IRV are lower during heavy exercise than they are during moderate exercise.
Answer: To meet the demand of more oxygen by the body.
Explanation: During the time of exercise the need for oxygen by the body increases. The minute ventilation of an individual will increase due to increase in the tidal volume and frequency of breathing.
The extra space is provided by the inspiratory reserve volume which acts as a reservoir of extra lung volume that can become inflated with air and as we need it.
So, Inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume decreases during heavy exercise as there is a need of more inhalation of oxygen and more exhalation of carbon dioxide as tidal volume increases and cover the space.
Final answer:
During heavy exercise, the need for increased oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide expulsion results in greater tidal volume usage and a deeper, more forceful exhalation, thus reducing ERV and IRV. Blood flow redistribution and an elevated cardiac output further limit these respiratory reserve volumes to prioritize metabolic needs over maximum lung ventilation capacity.
Explanation:
The question relates to why the Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) and Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) are lower during heavy exercise compared to moderate exercise. Physiologically, during heavy exercise, there is an increased demand for oxygen and an increased production of carbon dioxide. This necessitates a higher rate of ventilation to facilitate gas exchange. As a result, the tidal volume (the volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a single breath) increases, utilizing a greater portion of the IRV. Simultaneously, to maximize the expulsion of CO2, individuals exhale more forcefully and deeply, reducing the ERV. This adjustment allows for the optimization of oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion, which is crucial during periods of intense physical activity.
Another critical factor is the redistribution of blood flow during intense exercise. There is an increased blood supply to the working muscles and skin to support metabolic processes and heat dissipation, respectively. This hemodynamic adjustment further compromises the capacity for large IRV and ERV as the body prioritizes oxygen and nutrient delivery to the muscles over maximum pulmonary ventilation reserve capacities.
Lastly, the cardiovascular response to exercise, including increased heart rate and stroke volume, contributes to a heightened cardiac output. This enhanced cardiac activity supports the increased metabolic demands of heavy exercise but can limit the thoracic capacity for large expansions and contractions of the lungs, thereby decreasing the IRV and ERV.
Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus?
A. visceral control center of the body
B. somatic motor control center
C. gateway to the cerebellum
D. relay station for the special senses
Answer: A. visceral control center of the body
Explanation:
The hypothalamus corresponds to a small area in the Central Nervous System responsible for vital phenomena within the animal organism. Due to its importance, evolutionarily, it was protected by its location in the central part of the brain and protected by the skullcap. It commands the Endocrinological system. It exerts its direct action on the pituitary and indirect on other glands such as adrenal, gonads, thyroid, mammary and even on various organic tissues (muscle, bone, viscera. It acts on HYPOPHYSIS and interferes with the regulation of metabolism in general. It indirect influence: sleep/wake, hunger, blood pressure, the regulation of body heat production and loss, among others.
The hypothalamus is the visceral control center of the body. It is involved in the release of hormones, regulation of body temperature, and maintaining daily physiological cycles.
Explanation:The hypothalamus is best described as the visceral control center of the body (option A). It is a small region of the brain that plays a crucial role in many vital functions, including releasing hormones, regulating body temperature, and maintaining daily physiological cycles. It connects the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, allowing it to control various body functions. It's not directly involved in somatic motor control, it's not referred to as the gateway to the cerebellum, nor does it serve as the relay station for the special senses.
The hypothalamus is the visceral control center of the body and is located at the base of the brain. It helps regulate various functions in the body such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormone release. For example, it controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which affects growth, reproduction, and stress response.
Learn more about Hypothalamus here:https://brainly.com/question/32900534
#SPJ11
Why do children tend to have high-pitched voices, and why do males typically have lower voices than females do?
Answer:
Children tend to have high pitched voice because the larynx is small and thin.
Males have lower voices because they have larger and thicker larynx.
Explanation:
Its the larynx that makes noise, so known as voice box. Changes in the length and thickness of larynx cause voice modulation. This modulation helps male getting a deeper voice.
The larynx of children are small and thin which helps to a high pitched voice and during the time of puberty, larynx starts growing and thickening.This makes the voice low pitched and deep.
Thus, its the thickening and thinning of larynx that helps in voice modulation.
What is the impact on human health as we try to stay ahead of the evolutionary process?
The impact on the human health as we try to stay ahead of the evolutionary process is actually very bad. It is a fact that the humans are living much longer nowadays than ever before, with the main reasons for that being the well developed medicine and healthcare, much better standard of living, and having less riskier jobs. On the other hand, the human health, without being treated, is actually at an all time low. The immune system is much weaker than it has been, with the main reason being the isolation of the outside world and the higher level of hygiene. The allergies are becoming an ever growing problem because of this, as the immune system doesn't even recognize certain outside bodies are they an enemies or not. The constant radiation for numerous sources has caused development of numerous diseases. The old age has increased the percentage of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer, Parkinson, or sclerosis. The less active life-style and food over saturated with fats and sugars has caused numerous health problems as well. All in all, the human health has become dependent on the pharmacy and its products, and without it it will suffer badly.