Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of: question 1 options:
a.reciprocal determinism.
b.a positive self-concept.
c.an external locus of control.
d.empirically derived tests.

Final answer:

Operant conditioning is a learning process where behaviors are modified by their consequences. Conditioned behaviors can be increased through rewards or decreased through lack of reinforcement, a concept known as extinction. Both positive and negative consequences can influence the strength and frequency of these behaviors.

Explanation:

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences. Through this process, conditioned behaviors are developed, where a behavior becomes associated with a consequence. Specific instances of operant conditioning include rewarding an employee for putting additional time into a work project, or tipping someone for doing us a favor. For example, if a dog learns to sit when commanded because it receives a treat, it has been operant conditioned to associate sitting with getting a reward.

Classical conditioning, on the other hand, involves learning to associate two stimuli together, like associating the sound of thunder with the flash of lightning after repeated experiences.

In the context of operant conditioning, if the rewards (like food pellets for rats playing basketball) were removed, the behavior would likely decrease over time — a principle known as extinction. This indicates the importance of reinforcements in maintaining conditioned behaviors.

The correct answer is False

Explanation:

In societies, the word "values" refer to a system of certain beliefs, principles or qualities that are considered as positive or negative and are constructed socially. This concept is related to ethics and influences the actions or behaviors that are better, for example, a value in most societies is that "you should respect others" and this affects the way people behave, although in some contexts this might not be a value. This implies it is false "values are the organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system" because are a system of beliefs not of written or spoken symbols and indeed this definition refers to the term "language", not to values.

The answer is Self-efficacy. Well-defined self-efficacy as one's belief in one's capability to prosper in specific situations or accomplish a task. One's sense of self-efficacy can play a main role in how one approaches goals, responsibilities, and challenges this is what Psychologist Albert Bandura theory. 

Answer:

B) They were given their own small plot of land to farm.

Explanation:

Once, people who were forced to work were freed. They received a small plot of land for farming. Upon their freedom, the forced laborers received food, clothing, and potentially even land to cultivate and begin a fresh life. After their time as slaves was over, many former bonded workers had trouble finding work and fitting in with society.

Some could become independent farmers or tradespeople, but others had difficulty making ends meet. Many former bonded workers made essential contributions to the early American colonies through hard work and drive, even though they had to deal with many problems.

Thomas used the technique called taste aversion conditioning to create an aversion to sweets by pairing them with broccoli, which he dislikes. This technique is based on associating a specific taste with an adverse effect, leading to a long-term aversion to that taste.

The technique suggested to Thomas, in which he pairs the pleasant taste of sweets with the unpleasant taste of broccoli, is known as taste aversion conditioning. This form of learning occurs when an organism associates the taste of a certain food with unpleasant symptoms, leading to a subsequent avoidance or aversion to that taste. It's a mechanism that has evolved in many species as a way to avoid foods that might be harmful.

Flavors associated with stomach pain or illness can become profoundly avoided and disliked. For instance, consuming too much tequila and getting sick may result in a distaste for tequila, mirroring Thomas's experience with sweets and broccoli. This phenomenon is important because it helps individuals learn to avoid foods that could be harmful to them. It is also clinically relevant, for example, in the case of chemotherapy patients developing aversions to foods due to the nausea caused by their treatment.

I believe the correct answer is: b. False.

     According to Johan Huizinga, Dutch historian and cultural theorist“ the cultural element of play  is very important. In his book “Homo Ludens”, written in 1938, Huizinga suggests that play is primary to and a necessary condition of the generation of culture.

False, The claim that Johan Huizinga stated play has little to do with culture is false; rather, his work reflects the view that play is a fundamental aspect of cultural development and socialization.

The statement that according to Dutch historian Johan Huizinga (1938) play is concerned with personal development and expression, and has little to do with culture is false. Huizinga's seminal work, Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play-Element in Culture, argues that play is an essential and significant aspect of culture. His theory suggests that play is indeed fundamental to cultural development, a means of socialization, and is deeply intertwined with society's cultural institutions and practices. Huizinga saw play as a necessary precondition for the generation of culture and not just a mere byproduct of individual development and expression.

There's a plethora of scholarly work which explores the concept of play in relation to culture. Renowned psychologists and social scientists, including Freud, Piaget, and Vygotsky, have underscored the importance of play in development across various aspects of culture. Play is seen as critical in the development of not only individuals but also within cultural contexts, providing frameworks for understanding competitive behaviors, personal and societal identity, as well as shared communal values.

The answer is "WAIS-IV".

WAIS which stands for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is an IQ test intended to quantify insight and psychological capacity in grown-ups and older young people. The first WAIS was distributed in February 1955 by David Wechsler, as a correction of the Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale, discharged in 1939.

The therapy described, where a practitioner holds their hands above a patient's body, is known as Reiki or 'laying on of hands'. It's a form of energy healing that aims to restore balance within the body, which can alleviate symptoms like fatigue and depression. Although, it's not a substitute for conventional medical care, it can offer supplemental support.

The treatment described in the question is an example of energy healing, specifically known as Reiki or the laying on of hands. This therapy involves a practitioner holding their hands just above the patient's body to channel healing energy.

The intention is to restore physical and emotional balance within the body and thus alleviate symptoms like fatigue and depression that Olivia is experiencing. It's an alternative method for treatment when traditional medicine may not have provided the desired relief.

It's being practiced in different spiritual traditions and also in non-spiritual settings. Its efficacy depends largely on the individual's belief in the process, openness to the treatment, and the skill of the practitioner.

While it cannot replace conventional medical care, this can offer supplemental support for managing symptoms and improving overall well-being.

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Answer: Cause and effect

The author is making a claim of cause and effect, because he is describing a phenomenon while outlining the consequences that will follow from it. The "cause" in the excerpt is the introduction of mandatory voting. The consequences that will follow are: 1) some uninformed people will cast ballots, but more importantly, 2) mandatory voting will motivate those voters who haven't become involved before to educate themselves, now that they need to vote.

The author uses a causal claim to argue that mandatory voting might incentivize voter education, pondering whether this obligation would lead to a more informed electorate. The broader debate considers the implications on voter turnout, freedoms, and the quality of electoral decisions.

The excerpt from "Compulsory Voting: An Idea Whose Time Has Come" makes a causal claim. The author suggests that mandatory voting could lead to increased voter education because the obligation to vote will motivate previously uninvolved individuals to educate themselves about the political process and issues at hand. This claim is rooted in the idea that the act of being required to participate can generate a sense of responsibility, consequently fostering a more informed electorate.

The debate surrounding compulsory voting touches on various perspectives. Some believe it would boost participation in democracy, while others contend it may infringe on freedoms or lead to uninformed voting. Notable models like Australia's mandatory voting system, where non-participants may be fined, showcase how compulsory voting can function in practice. Conversely, the United States values voluntary voting as part of its democratic tradition, suggesting that the act of voting should stem from a personal belief in civic duty rather than from legal obligation.

Key considerations in this debate include the balance between increasing voter turnout and protecting the right not to vote, the impact of mandatory voting on the quality of electoral choices, and the importance of voter education. Thomas Jefferson's emphasis on an informed electorate suggests that knowledge is critical to maintaining a functioning democracy, which supports the claim that compulsory voting might drive individuals to become more informed.

Final answer:

The launch of Sputnik by the USSR and the establishment of NASA by the USA marked the start of the Space Race, symbolizing technological rivalry and Cold War competition that led to significant developments in space exploration.

Explanation:

The launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union and the establishment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States signal the beginning of the Space Race. The Soviet Union's successful launch of the first man-made satellite into space on October 4, 1957, was a wake-up call for the United States, showcasing Soviet technological advancement and prompting concerns over national security and technological competitiveness. The swift American response included a renewed effort to develop intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) technology and the inception of NASA in 1958, symbolizing the escalation of the Cold War competition into outer space.

With the launch of Sputnik 1 and later Sputnik 2, carrying the first living creature into orbit, the United States realized it was trailing in technological innovation. The formation of NASA represented not only an urgent drive to catch up with the Soviet Union but also an embarkation on a new era of space exploration. The subsequent advancements in space technology and exploration were driven by this bilateral rivalry, with both the USSR and USA striving to prove their superiority in space and technology.

While the rival nations showcased their respective technological prowess, they were essentially competing for global prestige and military advantage. The Space Race had implications for international relations, technological innovation, and the military strategies of both countries, ultimately leading to significant achievements such as the American moon landing in 1969.

 Indoor air pollution happens when certain air poisons from particles and gases pollute the quality of indoor zones. These can lead to serious health issues and almost all of the mentioned above can occur as all except the skin cancer are caused due to breathing in of polluted air.

The House votes to determine who wins the presidency.

Further Explanation:

According to Article II, section 1 of the US Constitution the Electoral College is the body which elects the President and the Vice President. Every state has electors in Electoral College. Colombia has three electors. In the elections when the voters go for voting in the presidential elections they vote for the slate of electors. Most states require all the electoral votes so that it can receive the plurality in the state. After the votes are counted, electors meet in the state capital. They cast two ballots – vice president and president. The elector cannot vote for the president and vice president if they both hail from elector’s home state. The objections to the Electoral College system were recorded in 1969 and then in 2005. Initially, the Electoral College provided for the compromise between the election of the President and the Congressional selection. It is a constitutional convention. This convention was ratified in 1804 by the 12th amendment that changed the procedure. It allowed for separate ballots for both the president and vice president. If in case no candidate receives the majority of votes then Contingent elections are held. The House of Representatives controls the election of the President. Each state delegates its vote to one of the three contenders to determine the winner. In 1800 and 1824 contingent elections were held that decided the winners for only two presidents.  

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Chapter: U.S.A. Constitution.

Subject: Social Science

Keywords:

Columbia, three electors, compromise, separate ballots, Contingent elections.