Hunter-gatherer societies had the benefit of _____.
A. knowledge of the environment
B. sophisticated tools
C. good farming techniques
D. their understanding of germs

Answer:

Option smallest of the four main biological macro-molecules and building blocks of carbohydrates are the correct answer.

Explanation:

Nucleic acids are the bio-molecules formed by the polymerization of nucleotides .Two main nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and (ribonucleic acid) RNA.

These nucleic acids are the building blocks of living organisms as they carry out many cellular processes like storage and carrying genetic information,  directs cell activity  and regulation- expression of genes.

DNA is the longest and largest macromolecule found in living things and they help with biosynthesis of proteins, where a single strand of DNA codes for thousands of different proteins but not carbohydrates as they are polymers of monosaccharides (C,H,O).

Thus, smallest of the four main biological macro-molecules and building blocks of carbohydrates are the correct answer.

ll Carbohydrates contain these three elements (usually in a 1:2:1 ratio) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Monosaccharides - the simplest form of carbohydrates, contains one sugar. These are the basic energy sources for living cells. Examples of monosaccharides are glucose and fructose

Monosaccharide

Carbohydrates are essential macromolecules that are classified into three subtypes

the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules

Nucleic acids are large biological macromolecules responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information; they include DNA and RNA. They are not the smallest among the macromolecules nor are they building blocks of carbohydrates.

In the context of biological macromolecules, nucleic acids indeed have specific properties. They are not the smallest of the four main biological macromolecules; rather, they are relatively large and complex. Additionally, they are responsible for storing and carrying genetic codes, a fundamental function in all known forms of life for continuity and heredity. Moreover, nucleic acids are constituted by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), not by carbohydrates, which are another distinct type of macromolecule. Therefore, the properties that are not characteristic of nucleic acids are they being the smallest of the biological macromolecules and being the building blocks of carbohydrates.

The results of leaving the paper in the container overnight would depend on what's on the paper and the conditions of the environment. This can range from no noticeable changes to significant biological growth if the paper contains seeds, bacteria, or other organisms.

The outcome of leaving the paper in the container overnight will largely depend on the environmental conditions of the container and the paper itself. For example, in the study mentioned, two petri dishes, A and B, were used with 20 tobacco seeds each. Dish B was exposed to a cycle of 14 hours of light and 10 hours of dark. The results after 7 and 14 days showed that light exposure has a significant effect on seed germination.

If the paper in question contains something like seeds, bacteria, or other living organisms and the conditions are right (moisture, light, temperature), there may be some growth or other changes. If the paper is just regular, it may absorb moisture from the air in the container and become damp. If the container is airtight and the paper is damp, over time you might see mold growth given the right conditions.

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A. a breeze

A breeze is caused by unequal heating and cooling of adjoining areas of the surface of the Earth. It is strongest during the day in warm, dry weather. More intense solar radiation leads to stronger breeze. It can be countered or augmented by winds moving through pressure systems.

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When the land and sea warm up around different rates during the day, a breeze is the most likely result.

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

pure substances

Pure Aluminum foil, distilled water, NaCl (table salt), and Gold Bar (pure Au) All of these may be classified as pure substances. Therefore, option C is correct.

Pure substances are substances that are made up of only one type of particle, either atoms or molecules and have a constant composition throughout.

They cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means, such as filtering or distillation. Examples of pure substances include elements, which are composed of only one type of atom, and compounds, which are composed of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

Pure substances have well-defined physical and chemical properties, such as melting and boiling points, that can be used to identify them. Thus, option C is correct.

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The percentage of mass remaining for Samples A, B, and C to the nearest tenth of a percent are mentioned below:

sample A: 100.0%

sample B: 98.6%

sample C: 100.0%

Mass is a property of matter which is use to measure the gravitational force.Gravitational force is a force which act on objects which have a matter i.e a object which contains mass.

Gravitational force is force which act between two objects which have a mass and both object are try to attract each other.

Mathematically we can say that :-

If a body mass M1 and another body mass with M2 and separate a distance by r then :-

Gravitational force is equal to

F = G×M1×M2/R^2

Where G is gravitational constant.

Gravitational force is directly promotional to the product of M1 and M2 it means higher the mass higher will force of attraction.

Gravitational force is inversely proportional to radius to the distance between them. So we can say that mass is a property of matter which is use to measure the gravitational force.

Therefore, The percentage of mass remaining for Samples A, B, and C to the nearest tenth of a percent are mentioned below:

sample A: 100.0%

sample B: 98.6%

sample C: 100.0%

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The nurse is assessing a client with superficial thrombophlebitis in the greater saphenous vein of the left leg. The client has “aching” in the leg. The red, warm, palpable linear cord along the vein that is painful on palpation indicates that the nurse should contact the health care provider (HCP) to request a prescription to improve the client’s comfort.

Thrombophlebitis is a common disease of the superficial veins that most commonly occurs in the lower extremities, especially in the great saphenous vein (vena saphena Magna), and is often connected with varicose veins. A more extensive superficial venous thrombosis may spread to the deep veins.

Answer:

The findings would be: red, warm, palpable linear cord along the vein that is painful on palpation.

Explanation:

Thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of one or more veins caused by a blood clot, which usually happens in the legs or other lower parts of the body. Rarely, the disease can happen in the veins of the arms or neck. When blood clots are formed in more superficial veins and close to the surface of the skin, the disease is called superficial thrombophlebitis.

This disease can cause great discomfort and make the patient experience periods of intense pain. If the nurse notes that the patient has a warm, palpable red cord along the vein that is painful to palpate, the nurse should contact the healthcare professional (hcp) to request a prescription to improve the patient's comfort.

Answer: B. cerebellum

When the cerebellum is damage, it will result to cause problems in terms of coordination and balance. The cerebellum is very similar to cerebrum having highly folded surface and has two hemispheres. It is mainly associated with regulation and coordination of balance, posture, movement, vasomotor and respiratory centers.

Answer:

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.

Explanation:

Basically there are four processes that takes place under "MEIOSIS". And they are :

Prophase:

In prophase, chromosomes become visible and crossing-over occurs, then nucleolus disappears and the meiotic spindle forms, then the nuclear envelope disappears.The duplicated homologous chromosomes pair, and crossing-over (the physical exchange of chromosome parts) occurs.

Metaphase:

Metaphase process that separates duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During metaphase, the cell's chromosomes align themselves in the middle of the cell.

Anaphase:

Anaphase I begins when the two chromosomes of each bivalent separate and start moving toward opposite poles of the cell as a result of the action of the spindle.

Telophase:

In telophase a homologous chromosome pairs reach the poles of the cell, nuclear envelopes form around them, and cytokinesis follows to produce two cells. After cytokinesis, each of the two progeny cells has a nucleus with a haploid set of replicated chromosomes.

While studying related bird species with similar ecological niche, food requirements, and habitat preferences but different mating practices following observation are made:  

It can be concluded that the male from the polygynous species produce the largest volume of sperm.

Further Explanation:

In polygonous species, only single male is present and many females are present in this group. In this, one male mates with many females. Thus, in this group male produce many sperm to mate with every female in the group.

In polyandrous species, only single female is present in the group and there are many males are present in this group. Many females mate with only one male. Thus, less volume of sperm is produce because only one individual is responsible for producing sperm. In monogamous species, equal number of female and males mate with each other. So, the level of production of sperm is normal.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: Reproduction in Birds

Keywords:

Males, females, polyandrous, monogamous, polygonous, sperm, mate, produce, single, production, equal, individual, responsible, level.

Answer:the answer is radiation

Explanation:

I just did it

The process that is involved when solar energy warms the surface of earth is radiation. The correct option is C.

Solar radiation is a broad word for the electromagnetic radiation that the sun emits. It is also sometimes referred to as the solar resource or just sunshine. Radiation is a process that occurs when solar energy warms the earth's surface.

Energy that emanates from a source and moves through space at the speed of light is referred to as radiation.

This energy has wave-like qualities and is accompanied by an electric field and a magnetic field. Radiation may also be referred to as electromagnetic waves.

The DNA in our cells can be harmed by radiation. Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) or Cutaneous Radiation Injuries can result from high radiation doses (CRI). Cancer may develop later in life as a result of high radiation doses.

Thus, the correct option is C.

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The correct answer is 2. Runoff will decrease as infiltration increases

Explanation:

Runoff refers to the flow of water over the surface that occurs due to the soil being saturated or surfaces that do not allow infiltration such as pavement. On the other hand, infiltration occurs as water soaks into soil or it is absorbed by it.

This means in the case presented, once the water reaches an area of unsaturated soil, it is expected infiltration increases because this soil different from solid bedrock absorbs water. At the same time, runoff or water flowing without being absorbed will decrease as water will soak into the soil due to infiltration. Thus, in this case, the runoff will decrease as infiltration increases.

Answer:

The answers are carbon dioxide and lower than

The right answers are carbondioxide gas and lower than.

Earth’s atmosphere helps in regulation of temperature. The addition of gases such as carbondioxide which blocks the solar radiation from eascaping which leads to increase of atmospheric temperature.

If Earth had no atmosphere, it would loose all energy which it receives from the Sun. This causes lowering of temperatures on Earth than Earth’s current temperature.

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The enzyme is cholesterol esterase. This enzyme is found in the pancreatic juice and is usually secreted by the exocrine pancreas. Cholesterol esterase digests cholesterol esters in the lumen of the small intestine into free fatty acids and cholesterol. In the small intestine, bile salts such as cholate and its conjugate is required to stabilized this enzyme in its polymeric form and protect it from proteolytic hydrolysis.

Answer:

a. processes that release H+ from compounds that contain hydrogen, and

b. processes that transport H+ across the thylakoid membrane.

Explanation:

ATP synthesis can be defined as the process where ATP is produced from the transfer of electrons from membrane to the matrix of the cells. When ATP is synthesized, it is used as a source of energy in the at organism.

ATP is synthesized in plants using the enzyme ATP synthase that is found in the chloroplasts during the process of photosynthesis.

Electron transport is joined to the formation of a proton (h ) gradient by processes that release H+ from compounds that contain hydrogen, and processes that transport H+ across the thylakoid membrane across the membrane. The energy present in this proton gradient is then used to start up the process of synthesizing ATP.

The two types of processes that contribute to the formation of the proton (H+) gradient across a membrane in both chloroplasts and mitochondria, leading to ATP synthesis, are:*Electron Transport Chain (ETC) & Chemiosmotic Process.

1. **Electron Transport Chain (ETC)**: In both chloroplasts and mitochondria, the electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial or thylakoid membrane. During the electron transport chain, electrons are transferred from one complex to another, creating a flow of electrons (a flow of charges) through the membrane.

2.  Chemiosmotic Process: This is a crucial mechanism in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. As protons are pumped across the membrane during electron transport, a concentration gradient of protons is established, with a higher concentration of protons on one side of the membrane. This creates a proton motive force (PMF), consisting of both a proton concentration gradient (chemical gradient) and an electric potential difference (voltage gradient). The energy stored in this proton gradient is then used to power ATP synthesis through a protein complex called ATP synthase, which allows protons to flow back across the membrane and couples this flow to the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).

In both organelles, the coupling of electron transport and the creation of a proton gradient to ATP synthesis via ATP synthase is a fundamental process that enables these organelles to produce ATP, the cell's primary energy currency.

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Final answer:

The special structures required for green plants are chloroplasts and chlorophyll, crucial for the process of photosynthesis. Option A

Explanation:

The special structures needed for green plants are chloroplasts and chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are organelles found only in plants and some algae. They are the sites of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy. This process is facilitated by chlorophyll, a pigment that gives plants their green color by absorbing sunlight.

Chlorophylls, along with carotenoid pigments, are housed within the chloroplasts. While stems and roots, cotyledon and embryo, as well as flowers and spores, are indeed important to plant development and reproduction, it is the chloroplasts and chlorophyll that are critical for the plant's ability to undergo photosynthesis, hence making option A. chloroplasts and chlorophyll the correct answer. Option A

Redundancy refers to the phenomenon where more than one codon in DNA code for the same amino acid. Wobble pairing means base pairing that does not follow the canonical G-C and (U)A-T rule. Wobble pairing allows for a tRNA to specify for more than one type of amino acid during the translation process.

Answer:

1. Wobble pairing is the phenomenon where the last nucleotide of the triplet codon is mainly rendered useless most of the time. But Redundancy is the phenomenon where one codon codes for more than one amino acid.

2. They are just opposite to each other, where in Wooble Hypothesis, more than one codon codes same amino acid, but in DNA redundancy, one codon codes for more than one amino acid.

3. Redundancy is seen In lower organisms, but Wooble hypotheses is seen in all organisms.

Final answer:

An arboreal creature would likely exhibit behaviors such as grasping branches with prehensile hands, having forward-oriented eyes for depth perception, and using unique locomotion adaptations like brachiation or vertical clinging and leaping to navigate a tree-dwelling lifestyle.

Explanation:

An arboreal creature is one that lives in trees, so the types of behaviors they would most likely exhibit include adaptations like grasping or prehensile hands, forward-oriented eyes, and depth perception, as suggested by the Arboreal Theory. These traits have evolved to assist with mobility and survival in an arboreal environment. Creatures such as primates have developed these characteristics to move successfully through the trees, spot and capture prey like insects, and grasp branches securely. Additional behaviors may include brachiation, which is swinging from branch to branch using long front limbs, as seen in gibbons, and vertical clinging and leaping, which involves using elongated ankle bones and long fingers and toes to push off when leaping from one tree to another.

Arboreal quadrupeds, like some primates, also exhibit specialized locomotion with shorter arms and legs and longer tails for balance in trees, compared to their terrestrial counterparts. These adaptations are crucial for maintaining balance and efficiently moving in a three-dimensional space.

Diseases that are best candidates for gene therapy are those whose disorder has been identified to be a malfunctioning gene and the biology of the gene is well known.  Gene therapy is also viable where the proper gene can be correctly delivered and replace the malfunctioned one.

The advantage of using viruses in gene theory is their effectiveness in delivering the desired gene by tapping into their natural mechanisms of infection.  However, disadvantages include the risks of affecting healthy cells while targeting sick cells and wrong placement of the desired gene hence causing undesirable mutations in DNA.

One factor is the length of the DNA that is required to be replaced through gene therapy. Most vectors have a maximum length of DNA that they can carry for effective transduction.  Another is the range of cell types that the vector can infect and the risk of immune response/ allergic reaction/ side effects.

The best vectors are herpes or vaccinia viruses.  The viruses are able to infect non-dividing cells such as the nerve cell. The vectors can accommodate 8400 bp in their genome and the transgene expressions have the potential to last long.

Traditional gene editing techniques such as TALENS and ZFN use modular proteins that target nucleotide sequences. In the CRISPR tool, the Cas9 protein is steered by a guide RNA (which is a complementary sequence to the target sequence) to the target region.

One ethical issue of gene editing is its use in genetic enhancement to develop ‘designer babies’.  The question of who should decide on whether a trait is bad or good also complicates this matter. The morality of artificiality enhancing attributes such as strength, athletic capability, intelligence, and etcetera could lead to an unhealthy ‘arms race’  between humans.

In sports doping, gene editing could be used to enhance genes that enhance muscle strength by targeting myostatin (MSTN) and GF-1 genes. Genes that promote quick break down of lactic acid and increases oxygen capacity of the lungs and blood such as EPO gene could be targets of sports doping.

Gene editing will treat diseases and disorders by repairing the causative defective gene. This is already applicable in cystic fibrosis. Artificial gene selection will be common in future thanks to gene editing.  Future humans will, therefore, have ‘desirable traits’  or new traits depending on what is appealing to the society.

The right answer is Inversion

The inversion mutation is a permutation of two or more neighboring deoxyribonucleotides, as is the case in this question.

Normally, the complementary strand is

GGT CTC  CTC ACT CCA

CCA GAG GAG TGA GGT

Instead of

CCA GAG GAG TAG GGT  (the bold part was "inverted").