Answer:
Viral glycoprotien play important role in virus entry to the cell and virus pathogenicity
They may help viruses avoid the host immune system. Glycoproteins on the surface of the envelope serve to identify and bind to receptor sites on the host's membrane.
Explanation:
Viral glycoproteins play important roles throughout the life cycle of coronaviruses. Viral glycoproteins interact with receptors on the host cell membrane and are required for penetration of the viral genome into cells by fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane or endosomal membrane
The viral glycoproteins participate in assembly of virions, and the intracellular location of viral glycoproteins may determine the location of Coronavirus budding. Viral glycoproteins on the surface of infected cells may permit fusion with adjacent cells, and may make the cell susceptible to immune cytolysis or cell-mediated cytotoxicity, or permit hemadsorption. Epitopes of viral glycoproteins may be recognized by neutralizing, non-neutralizing or hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies. Thus, elucidation of the structure and functions of Coronavirus glycoproteins is of central importance in understanding the replicative cycle and pathogenesis of coronaviruses.
Final answer:
Glycoproteins in coronavirus membranes serve critical functions in the viral lifecycle, including attachment to host cells, penetration of the cell membrane, replication inside the cell, and release of new virions.
Explanation:
Coronaviruses may have glycoproteins in their membranes to facilitate attachment to host cells. These glycoproteins recognize and bind to viral receptors on the cell surface, allowing the virus to infect specific cell types. For instance, HIV makes use of the CD4 molecule on T lymphocytes. Glycoproteins serve not only for attachment but also play a role in the virus's ability to penetrate the cell membrane, inject its genome, and replicate within the host cell.
Spikes, such as those found on the influenza virus, are extensions of these glycoproteins that allow viruses to both attach and enter a host cell, or detach from it after replication. Known spikes like hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) greatly influence the identification and characterization of influenza viruses, denoting specific strains responsible for historical pandemics.
Therefore, these glycoproteins and spikes are vital for the virus's lifecycle, ensuring successful attachment, penetration, replication, and ultimately the release of new virions to infect other cells.
What is the overproduction of rabbits? PLEASE HELP ME!
Answer:
Overproduction of lipoproteins in rabbits is called Hereditary Hyperlipidemia.
Explanation:
It is metabolic disorder in New Zealand white rabbits, characterized by high cholesterol level. They are induced ovulators.
The qualities and characteristics that shape a person's unique character and identity refer to
A. perspective
B. classification
C. assessment
D. personality
Answer:
personality on edg
Explanation:
Answer:
D. Personality
Explanation:
Hope that this helps. Please mark me the Brainliest, peace and love
What are the three main substances that fungi are able to turn into usable forms for other organisms?
The three main substances that fungi can convert into usable forms for other organisms are dead organic matter, cellulose and nutrients.
What is the function of fungi in nutrient cycling?
Fungi play a crucial role in nutrient cycling, particularly in breaking down complex organic substances into forms that are usable by other organisms.
The three main substances that fungi can convert into usable forms for other organisms are:
Dead organic matter: Fungi are important decomposers, breaking down dead organic material such as plant litter, fallen trees, and animal remains.
Cellulose and lignin: Fungi can break down complex carbohydrates like cellulose and lignin, which are major components of plant cell walls.
Minerals and nutrients: Fungi can enhance the availability of minerals and nutrients in the soil.
Increased levels of which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism driving increased water intake? Increased levels of which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism driving increased water intake? aldosterone glucose concentration antidiuretic hormone (ADH) osmolality of extracellular fluid
Answer:
The renin angiotensin aldosterone system.
Explanation:
We would be speaking from time to time that Aldosterone would be in charge of increasing blood volume by increasing water consumption.
Aldosterone, a steroid hormone from the mineralocorticoid family, produced by the external section of the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, acts to conserve sodium, both secreting potassium and increasing blood pressure, the blood pressure is through the increase in blood volume, therefore through the increase in water consumption
Increased levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulate the thirst mechanism, driving increased water intake.
Explanation:Increased levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulate the thirst mechanism, driving increased water intake. ADH is released by the hypothalamus in response to increased osmolality of the extracellular fluid, which indicates dehydration. When ADH levels rise, it signals the kidneys to retain water, and it also stimulates the thirst center in the brain, leading to the sensation of thirst and increased water consumption.
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Many functions in the body are controlled by
special compounds. Which statements about
these compounds do you think are true? Check all
that apply.
The body can make all of the compounds it
needs.
The body gets energy from some compounds.
Some compounds determine physical
characteristics.
DONE
Answer:
B. The body gets energy from some compounds.
C. Some compounds determine physical characteristics.
Explanation:
i just did it
Barry was playing pool. He struck the cue ball (the white ball) with his cue stick. The ball moved toward the other balls that were sitting, all touching each other, in the middle of the pool table. What happened when the cue ball hit one of the other balls?
A. All of the balls lost energy.
B. The cue ball and the ball it hit lost energy.
C. All of the balls except the cue ball lost energy.
D. Only the cue ball lost energy.
Answer:
Only the cue ball lost energy, because when you think about it when the cue ball strikes the others it shoots from the triangle it was formed and the 15 balls shoot across the table until they stop but the cue ball is still at the hit position
Explanation:
Upon impact, kinetic energy and momentum from the cue ball are transferred to the ball it collided with in an elastic collision, where the total energy is conserved but redistributed. Some energy is lost to friction, heat, and sound, making answer B the most accurate.
When Barry struck the cue ball with his cue stick, the cue ball moved with a certain amount of kinetic energy and momentum toward the other stationary balls on the pool table. As the cue ball hit another ball, according to the conservation of momentum and energy in an elastic collision, the kinetic energy and momentum are transferred from the cue ball to the ball it hit. This means that the cue ball loses some of its energy to the other ball, but the total energy in the system is conserved; it is just redistributed among the two balls. In an ideal elastic collision on a frictionless table, no energy is lost; however, in the real world, some energy is always lost to sound, heat, and friction. Therefore, in response to the student question, the closest answer would be B. The cue ball and the ball it hit lost some energy to forces such as friction and sound, not to the other stationary balls.
Mutations in _________ genes lead to transformations in the identity of entire body parts?
Answer:
Homeotic genes
Which of the following catecholamine hormones correspond with the adrenal glands?
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Aldosterine
Glucagon
Dopamine
Answer:
Dopamine
Explanation:
Dopamine receptors type 2 (D2) are expressed in the adrenal glands. More so, dopamine helps in the modulation of aldosterone and catecholamine secretion from the adrenal gland.
Fever ________.
a. is a higher-than-normal body temperature that is always dangerous
b. causes the liver to release large amounts of iron, which seems to inhibit bacterial replication
c. decreases the metabolic rate of the body to conserve energy
d. production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting
Answer:
d. production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting
Explanation:
how ach changes the ion permeability of the sarcolemma?
The complete question is :
Which of the following best describes how ACh changes the ion permeability of the sarcolemma?
A) ACh activates acetylcholinesterase.
B) ACh entry into the axon terminal causes neurotransmitter release.
C) ACh binds to receptors in the junctional folds.
D) ACh entry into the muscle fiber causes Ca2+ to be released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Answer:
C) ACh binds to receptors in the junctional folds.
Explanation:
Sarcolemma is the term used for the cell membrane of the skeleton muscle fiber cell.
At the motor end plate, there are several folds present in the sarcolemma that are known as junctional folds.
These junctional folds have several acetylcholine (Ach) receptors present on them and these are ion channels that are chemically gated.
These ion channels open upon binding of Ach and thus, the ions can diffuse into the sarcolemma.
Thus, the binding of Ach on the receptors located in the junctional folds increases the ion permeabiltity of the sarcolemma.
Answer:
C) ACh binds to receptors in the junctional folds.
Explanation:
ACh binds to receptors in the junctional folds. diffuses into the muscle fiber through open chemically gated ion channels. binds to ACh receptors, causing them to open chemically gated ion channels.
A postsurgical client reports calf pain combined with the emergence of swelling and redness in the area, which have culminated in a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. What treatment options will be of greatest benefit to this client?
What implications need to be considered when creating environmental policies? Pick all that apply?
How much will it cost?
How will it affect the environment?
How will it affect people?
Is the benefit worth the cost?
How will it reduce tourist activity?
Answer:
How much is the cost?
How much it will affect the environment?
Is the benefit worth the cost?
How will it reduce tourist activity?
Explanation:
Environmental policies refer to our organizations or government commit themselves to the establishment and fulfilment of laws, regulations and other policies mechanism about an environmental issues.
Example include policies on regulation of toxic substances in the environment.
It is important to consider those implications before creating environmental policies because it will determine how effective and beneficial it will be to the environment and people. The cost must be considered if it is worth it, how beneficial will it be, how will it affect the people and environment with in a negative or positive way, will it affect tourist activity, all this need to be considered.
Answer:
Is the benefit worth the cost
Explanation:
I think is this one
what does bone marrow produce?
A. Enzymes
B. Insulin
C. Red and White blood cells
Answer:
Its c hope this helped!
Explanation:
Turbulent flow in humans is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque on arterial endothelium.
Ignoring any potential effects of turbulence, what effect would atherosclerosis have on blood flow?
A) Narrowing of the artery causes the velocity to increase and the hydrostatic pressure to decrease.
B) Narrowing of the artery causes the velocity to increase and the osmotic pressure to decrease.
C) Narrowing of the artery causes the velocity to decrease and the hydrostatic pressure to decrease.
D) Expansion of the artery causes the velocity to decrease and the hydrostatic pressure to increase.
Answer: (A) Narrowing of the artery causes the velocity to increase and the hydrostatic pressure to decrease.
Explanation:
Atherosclerosis is a disease which allows plaque to build up inside the arteries of a person. Arteries are responsible to carry oxygen-rich blood to heart and other areas of the body.
Plaque consists of cholesterol, calcium, fat, and other substances which are present in the blood. Through time, the plaque hardens the arteries and narrows them. That restricts the oxygen-rich blood flow to your organs and to other parts of your body.
Atherosclerosis can cause serious problems, including stroke and heart attack.
Hence the correct option is (A).
When are factors are considered including environmental impact win turbines are considered to be the most efficient way to produce electricity true or false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Wind is the most efficient fuel for electricity. It creates 1164% of its original energy inputs when converted into electricity, unlike coal which retains just 29% of its original energy.
It is also environmental and eco-friendly.
Answer:
TRue
Explanation:
Environmental Impacts Assessments of wind power projects, when compared to Impact Assessments of different power projects, have shown that impacts from wind power is small when compared to that of fossil fuel power. The global warming potential of wind power per unit of energy produced is far lower than that of other power sources.
This renewable energy source has been seen to be the most efficient fuel for electricity, which generates over 1164% of the initial energy inputs when converted into electricity.
Since ancient time,people have been fascinated with the night sky.The night sky came aleve with bright objects that hinted at other worlds,but they were difficult to study with the naked eye.what instrument did scientists invent to study to study the different objects in the night sky
A)microscopes
B)electromagnética radiation
C)observatory
D)telescope
Final answer:
The telescope is the instrument scientists invented to study the night sky, enabling significant advancements in astronomy since its invention around 1600. It allows for greater magnification and resolution to observe previously unseen celestial bodies. Galileo was among the first to use it for such studies, leading to groundbreaking discoveries.
Explanation:
Scientists invented the telescope to study the different objects in the night sky. The telescope was created around 1600 and was pivotal in advancing our understanding of astronomy. It gathers more light than the human eye can, allowing us to see dim objects with greater magnification and better resolution. The Greeks and Romans laid the foundation of astronomy which was enhanced significantly with the invention of telescopes.
Before telescopes, ancient civilizations observed the night sky to keep track of time and seasons, giving names to patterns of stars known as constellations. These constellations still help astronomers today. Ancient observatories were sites dedicated to monitoring celestial objects but were limited to the human eye's capabilities. The invention of the telescope allowed for the observation of celestial bodies that were previously beyond our sight.
Famous astronomer Galileo was one of the first to use a telescope to study the heavens, leading to critical discoveries such as the moons of Jupiter and the intricate details of the Milky Way. Today, although the night sky has been obscured for many by artificial lighting, telescopes continue to play a crucial role in the exploration of the universe.
Humans have a gene, T, that is involved in muscle formation of the tongue. Individuals homozygous for one allele can roll their tongues, while individuals homozygous for the other allele cannot. If both parents can roll their tongues, but their child cannot, what can be said about the mode of inheritance?
Answer:
Autosomal Recessive mode of inheritance
Explanation:
If both parents can roll their tongue and their child cannot, it means they are both heterozygote for the trait and since this trait skipped a generation, it can be said to be an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and not an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance as the later does not skip generations.
Final answer:
In simple Mendelian inheritance, if both parents can roll their tongues (a dominant trait) but their child cannot, each parent must be heterozygous. The Hardy-Weinberg formula can be used to calculate the numbers of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive individuals in a population based on phenotype frequencies
Explanation:
When both parents have the ability to roll their tongues, but their child cannot, we're looking at a situation involving simple Mendelian inheritance of a dominant trait. Tongue rolling is expressed when an individual is either homozygous dominant (TT) or heterozygous (Tt), and the inability to roll the tongue is a recessive trait (tt). For the child to be unable to roll their tongue, each parent must have been heterozygous (Tt), thereby giving a 25% chance for any of their children to be homozygous recessive (tt) and unable to roll their tongues.
To apply this understanding to a population genetics problem, the Hardy-Weinberg formula can be used. In a small town of 1,500 people, with 500 able to roll their tongues, the formula can determine the frequency of the alleles and subsequently, the expected numbers of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive individuals. By knowing the frequency of the dominant phenotype, calculations can reveal the genotype frequencies.
What causes the moose population to decrease? When this happens, what happens to the wolf population?
Answer:
what causes the moose population to decrease? a= Without thinning and new growth caused by wildfires, moose have less feeding and breeding habitat. According to Campbell, moose populations are highest in areas 40 years after a major wildfire. But habitat loss is not the only probable cause of moose decline. ... “Moose rely on deep snow to avoid predators in the winter.
Explanation:
what happens to the wolf population? A= What would happen to the wolf population if the moose population decreases? ... Moose increase; wolves have more food and increase; moose decrease and then wolves decrease.
Wolves rely on moose and other animals to survive. Without moose, the wolf population would either decrease or find other food such as warthogs, fish, and other animals,
Illah?
100%
3. There were originally 32 atoms of a radioactive isotope with a half life of 1,000 years in a fossil. There are 8
undecayed atoms of the isotope remaining. How many years have gone by?
How many half lives has the isotope
been through?
How many years have gone by?
What percentage and fraction of the
original isotope is remaining?
100% )
Answer:
2,000 years
Explanation:
This is a two-part process that ends in the assembly of proteins at the ribosomes within cells. The first part
Answer:
The protein synthesis.
Explanation:
The question is not complete, here is the complete question:
This is a two-part process that ends in the assembly of proteins at the ribosomes within cells. The first part, transcription, begins in the nucleus, when the DNA code is transferred to mRNA. The second part, translation, takes place at the ribosomes, where both mRNA and tRNA work to assemble proteins.
The events in the question are describing protein synthesis.
I hope this answer helps.
The process by which organisms that are better adapted to the environment survive and reproduce is called ?
Answer:
Natural selection
Explanation:
Answer:
I believe it is Natural selection
Explanation:
Earle says, “No blue, no green.” Explain what she means by this.
Answer:
Without the ocean and other water sources, the blue, we can’t have the land, green. Earle compares a waterless Earth to Mars. Earth would be lifeless without the ocean.
*WARNING*
Do not copy this answer word for word, you'll be caught for plagarism!
Explanation:
No blue (water), no green (land and life).
How can scientists measure the amount of carbon in soils?
Answer:
The most accurate standard laboratory test for soil carbon is dry combustion using an elemental analyser. These instruments heat a small sample (usually a fraction of a gram) of dry pulverized soil to around 900 degrees C and measure the carbon dioxide gas that is a combustion product
Explanation:
A new type of communication system has been discovered that consists of thin, highly elongated tubules capable of conducting cell-surface proteins, cytoplasmic vesicles and calcium signals from one cell to another. This system is referred to as:
A. tunneling nanotubes
B. tunneling nanotypes
C. scanning tunneling EMs
D. sarcoplasmic tubules
E. T tubules
Answer: A. tunneling nanotubes
Explanation:
A tunnelling nanotube (TNT) also called membrane nanotube is a concept that has been applied to protrusions extending from the plasma membrane that enables different animal cells to interact over long distances, often over 100 μm between T cells.
There are two types of tunneling nanotube including one type of smaller than 0.7 micrometres in diameter which contains actin, and carries parts of plasma membrane in both directions between cells. The second type is larger than 0.7 μm that contains both microtubules and actin, and may carry cytoplasm components such as vesicles and organelles, including whole mitochondria, between cells.
TNT functions in the development of various diseases by allowing the movement of protein, pathogens aggregates and mitochondria.
Hence, the correct option is A. tunneling nanotubes.
n the United States and Canada, bats use one of two strategies to survive winter: They either migrate south, or they hibernate. Recently, those that hibernate seem to have come under attack by a fungus, Geomyces destructans (Gd), an attack that is occurring from Missouri to southern Canada. Many infected bats have a delicate, white filamentous mat on their muzzles, which is referred to as white-nose syndrome (WNS). The fungus invades the bat tissues, causes discomfort, and awakens the bat from its hibernation. The bat fidgets and wastes calories, using up its stored fat. The bat then behaves abnormally, leaving its cave during daytime in winter to search for food. Their food, primarily insects, is scarce during the winter, and the bats ultimately starve to death. Since 2007, it is estimated that up to one million bats have perished from WNS.
The Gd mat on the fur of the bats should be expected to consist of _____.
Answer:
Hyphae
Explanation:
It is given that the bat affected by fungus, Geomyces destructans (Gd) consists of delicate, white filamentous mat on their muzzles which could be possibly the hyphae.
It is so because the hyphae is made of cells having tubular cell walls which more or less look like internal cross-walls having large pores to absorb nutrients from the surrounding environment (i.e bat’s body) and transport them to thallus. Hyphae are basically long thread like structures that spread throughout their food and release enzymes that break down the food
1. In addition to mechanical and chemical digestion of food, the stomach's other major function is: carbohydrate and nucleic acid digestion. nucleic acid digestion. carbohydrate digestion. food storage. carbohydrate digestion and food storage.
Answer: Food storage
Explanation:
Stomach is a small pouch like structure which has the ability to store food temporarily.The storage of the food temporarily takes place in the stomach. The food that we eat reaches to the stomach by the help of food pipe.
Here, the food is stored until it is completely broken down into simpler form and enzymes act on them.
The food is then absorbed in the small intestine. But before this food is temporarily stored in the stomach where all the digestive juices and enzymes come to act on the food.
Answer: food storage
Explanation:
The stomach is one of the important parts of the digestive system. It has three main functions to be performed in the animal or human body. It acts as a temporary storage organ for food which passed from the esophagus to the stomach, facilitates the breakdown and mixing of food components with the digestive juices by contraction and relaxation of the stomach muscles and finally aids in digestion of food.
Based on above description, the mechanical and chemical digestion of food by the stomach the other function includes the food storage.
Like other osmoregulatory animals that live in marine environments, sharks maintain tissue concentrations of sodium, potassium, and chloride that are hypoosmotic to the seawater. In contrast to the bony marine fishes, however, sharks do not need to drink seawater. Why
Answer:
Shark is hyperosmotic relative to sea water.
Explanation:
The sharks that live in the marine environment do not need to drink sea water unlike others.
This is because the concentration of the urea and oxide is trimethyl amine gets deposited in the tissues of the shark which is hyper osmotic condition to the outside environment( sea water).
There is an adequate amount of potassium, sodium and chloride in the body of shark.
This is how the shark maintains the osmoregulatory mechanism in marine environment.
Starch has a larger molecule size than glucose so you can conclude that larger molecules are likely than smaller molecules to diffuse across a semipermeable membrane
Answer:
I can confirm that the answer is less and the answer to the question before that is Only glucose (smaller molecules)
Starch has a larger molecule size than glucose so you can conclude that larger molecules are less likely than smaller molecules to diffuse across a semipermeable membrane. The correct option is A.
What is starch?One of the main sources of dietary energy for people is starch, a type of carbohydrate that is frequently found in nature.
Selectively permeable, a semipermeable membrane permits some molecules to pass through while obstructing others.
The presence of particular transport proteins controls the kind and size of molecules that can flow through a membrane, which determines its permeability.
Therefore, even if starch has a bigger molecular size than glucose, this does not necessarily entail that it will diffuse more slowly through a semipermeable barrier.
The gradient of starch content and the membrane's permeability to starch, both of which can be altered by transport proteins, will determine whether starch can diffuse over a semipermeable membrane.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Your question seems incomplete, the probable complete question is:
Starch has a larger molecule size than glucose so you can conclude that larger molecules are _____ likely than smaller molecules to diffuse across a semipermeable membrane
1) Less
2) More
3) Equally
Polar bears are adapted to stay warm by growing thick fur. These organisms most likely live in a a tropical rainforest b temperate rain forest c desert d tundra
Answer: d. tundra
Explanation:
Polar bears are present only in the Arctic tundra biome. The most important areas for polar bears in the arctic are are the edges of pack ice where the wind and water interact, which createsa constant refreezing and melting network of leads (open spaces in the sea ice) and ice patches.
A polar bear has a fat layer under the skin that helps it stay warm and the big paws help a polar bear walk through the snow.
Hence, the correct option is D. Tundra.
Answer:
Tundra
Explanation:
What is clonal selection?
Answer:
Clonal selection can be defined as methods or processes that shows(describes) tthe way lymphocytes do react or respond to the various different types of antigens present in a particular body. Clonal selection is of the notion that lymphocytes are taken during antigen presentation .
Explanation:
Clonal selection is important as it is sometimes used during negative selection during T cell maturation. it is believe to be a major cause mutations of antigen-binding affinity in memory cells during clonal expansion .