Identify the correct statement about differences between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

"For years, the polar bear has been the symbol of the global warming movement. But today, the American pika has good grounds to compete with the polar bear for this unwanted honor.

American pikas are suffering because global warming has brought higher temperatures to their western mountain homes.

Pikas live in high mountain ecosystems that are cool and moist. Higher temperatures can cause the pikas to overheat.

Unlike other mountain species that can move to higher altitudes in warming climates, pikas live so high on the mountain that there is no where for them to go. Without our protection and help, American pikas could be the first species with the distinction of going extinct due to global warming. We can't let this happen!

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Description

American pikas are small, rodent-like mammals. Although they look like a squirrel or guinea pig, they're actually more closely related to rabbits and hares. Pikas have short, stout bodies with big, round ears. They do not have a visible tail.

Pikas have brown and black fur. The fur is colored to camouflage with rocks. Pika fur is thick to keep them warm in the winter. During the summer, they put on a much lighter coat of fur--however, the fur is still thick enough that a pika might overheat if exposed to very high heat for long periods of time.

Size: Pikas are about 7-8 inches long.

Diet: Pikas are herbivores. They especially love grasses, weeds and tall wildflowers that grow in their rocky, high mountain habitat.

Pikas like to be prepared! In the winter months, there are a lot less grasses and flowers growing in the mountains. To prepare for the lean times, pikas like to save up food during the summer. A pika will collect a pile of extra wildflowers and grasses and lay them out in the sun. The sun's heat dries the plants so they do not get moldy. The plants are stored in the pika's den until winter.

Typical Lifespan: American pikas can live around 6-7 years. Many die after 3 or 4 years.

Habitat

American pikas are found in alpine terrain, above the tree line, on mountains. They live on rock faces, talus and cliffs near mountain meadows. Talus is a rocky area on the side of cliffs, slopes or hillsides.

Range: American pikas live on high-elevation cool mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. They can be found in Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah and New Mexico.

How Pikas Communicate

American pikas are often heard before they are seen. They make calls and sing to define and protect their territory, alert others to the presence of dangers and attract mates. The call sounds like the bleat of lamb, but more high-pitched and squeaky.

Life History and Reproduction

American pikas have adapted to living in very inhospitable environments. They live where most other mammals do not venture to go--the treeless slopes of mountains. It is very cold, rocky and treacherous for the tiny pika.

Pikas help protect themselves by living in colonies. They live near other pikas and will alert the group to predators by sending out a warning call. Weasels, hawks and coyotes can prey on pikas.

Although pikas live in colonies, they are very territorial over their den and surrounding area. They will give off territorial calls to define the boundaries between each pika neighbor. They make their dens among rocks.

Pikas are active in the daytime and they do not hibernate in winter. They are active throughout the year, but they tend to spend most of their time inside the den in the winter. Pikas eat stored grasses to survive and venture out to forage when the weather permits.

In early to mid-spring, American pikas begin to breed. Many pikas breed twice--once in spring and summer. The female is pregnant for a month before giving birth to a litter of 2-6 young. When born, the young cannot function on their own and they depend on their mother for care. It takes about a month for the young to be weaned and 3 months to reach an adult size. After a year, the young develop into breeding adult pikas.

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The habitats of pikas, a small mammal, are limited by various factors like temperature sensitivity, available resources, and environmental conditions. They undergo a concept known as 'range shifts', moving habitats due to changing climate. Their survival can be influenced by the availability of resources, similar to certain butterflies and European bird species.

Pikas, small mammals, are influenced by various environmental and survival factors which limit their habitats. These factors include their sensitivity to heat - small animals like pikas lose heat faster than larger ones, influencing their preference for cooler habitats such as mountains. Additionally, pikas are dependent on specific ecosystem conditions and available resources; a concept known in ecology as range shifts, explained by movement of species habitats due to factors like climate change.

For example, similar to certain European bird species and butterflies like the Karner blue butterfly, pikas might shift their range due to environmental changes. Changes in available resources affect pikas as well, as seen in how the distribution of wild lupines influences the Karner blue butterfly population in oak-pine barren habitats.

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1st step: the transcription of the genes of the DNA into pmRNA ( pre-messenger RNA) takes place in the nucleus.

For each gene, only one strand of the DNA is transcribed but this strand varies according to the genes.

RNA synthesis is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, an oligomeric enzyme. There are 3 types in eukaryotes.

Transcription occurs from the 5 'end to the 3' end of the genes.

2nd step: the processing of the pmRNA takes place in the nucleus

at. a cap of 7-methylguanosine triphosphate is added to the 5 'end of the pmRNA

b. a poly-A tail (50 to 250 nucleotides of adenine) is added to the 3 'end of the pmRNA

These modifications protect messenger RNA from too rapid degradation in the cytoplasm.

c. excision of introns (the parts of the gene that do not encode a polypeptide) of the pmRNA

d. splicing of the exons (the coding strands) of the pre-messenger RNA.

The pre-messenger RNA thus mature becomes messenger RNA (mRNA).

The mRNA is then exported to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores.

3rd step: the translation of the mRNA into protein takes place in the cytoplasm at the level of ribosomes and requires the presence of transfer RNA (tRNA) loaded with the corresponding amino acids and energy in the form of GTP.

tRNAs are synthesized in the nucleus.

The synthesis proceeds from the N-terminus of the protein to the C-terminus.

4th step (depending on the proteins): co-translational or post-translational modifications such as glycosylation (covalent binding of oses to proteins) which takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum and is then finished in the Golgi apparatus.

In prokaryotes, transcription, and translation take place in the cytoplasm and can be simultaneous.

Answer:

Rocks can be a physical evidence that shows the earth has changed naturally because most rocks survive for millions of years and you can use this to determine the processes that happened over time.

Explanation:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

The normal cells when grown in a nutrient medium starts growing in into the petri dish. The cells keep on growing and when the bottom layer of the plate is filled with the cells then the cells in the petri dish stops growing. This is because the cells observes the contact of one cell with another.

This is known as contact inhibition which does not allows the growth of one cell upon another. Contact inhibition is a part of cell signaling in which there are check points that allows the optimum growth of the cells.

This is a mechanism which helps the cells in optimum growth. This helps in preventing the cell from developing tumor by dividing uninterruptedly.

Option B) Normal cells stop growing in a Petri dish once they cover the bottom due to contact inhibition, where cell-to-cell contact signals them to stop dividing to prevent overgrowth.

Normal cells grown in a Petri dish tend to stop growing after they have covered the bottom of the dish because of a phenomenon known as contact inhibition. Once the cells touch each other, they receive signals to stop dividing. This is a regulatory mechanism that prevents the cells from becoming too dense which could lead to resources depletion and provide a defense mechanism against the potential development of cancerous cells.

It contrasts with cancer cells, which lack contact inhibition and continue to grow and divide, forming multilayered cell clusters.

Therefore. the correct answer is option B) contact with other cells stops cell growth.

Well you sue them by planting and then eating farming and building

Natural ecosystem is a community of living and non-living organisms, where each component interacts together as a unit through biological, physical and chemical processes. ... The components enabling the interactions that make up the natural ecosystems include soil, plants, sunlight, air, water, microorganisms and animals.

The psychoanalyst is not a career in environmental science, it is mainly related to health sciences. Option C is correct.

Therefore, the psychoanalyst is not a career in environmental science, it is mainly related to health sciences.

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Ionizing radiations can be captured by a Geiger counter. It can indicate where radioactively marked DNA is generally located. Thus, option b is correct.

Radioactively labeled DNA is the enzyme-labeled (DNA polymerase) and incorporated sequences of nucleic acid used for detection and analysis. A Geiger counter can be used to locate the nucleic acid as it can measure and detect the gamma rays emitted by the ionized and radiolabelled DNA.

Therefore, a radioactively labeled DNA can be located by a Geiger counter.

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The complete question is attached to the image below.

Layer D if yo go deeper you would just find gases

Answer:

Option (3)

Explanation:

In the given figure, it shows a structural anticlinal traps where the upper rock is a layer of impermeable shale and the below these oil layer is a porous reservoir rock. The petroleum oil is concentrated in the lower region above the reservoir rock and the natural gas is accumulated above this petroleum oil. These types of anticlinal traps are very common and highly significant to the hydrocarbon industries. These traps are long oval-shaped domes of land that are easily identified in topographic maps.

In the figure, the liquid petroleum is present is the layer D and layer C contains the natural gas.

Thus, the correct answer is option (3).

To understand the environment of the fossilized organism to see what it would have ate or drank anything. in the surrounding area.

Answer:

Explanation:

Understanding the environment or habitat of organisms before fossilization helps us to understand more about them and gives us insight to how they would have interacted with their environment and other organisms.

Part A:

Monomers of proteins : aminoacids

An amino acid is an organic acids containing an amine group.. Such organic compounds therefore have both a carboxyl group -COOH and an amine group, for example a primary amine -NH 2 or a secondary amine -NH-. In the living world, about 500 amino acids are known, of which about 149 are present in proteins.

In biochemistry, α-amino acids play a crucial role in the structure, metabolism and physiology of cells of all known living organisms as constituents of peptides and proteins.

Monomers of nucleic acids: nucleotides.

A nucleotide is an organic molecule that is the building block of a nucleic acid such as DNA or RNA. It is composed of a nucleic base (or nitrogenous base), a five-carbon monosaccharide, called the pentose, whose association forms a nucleoside, and finally one to three phosphate groups.

A nucleotide is composed of three parts:

* A nucleotide variable depending on the type of nucleotide (purine or pyrimidine) attached to the carbon 1 'of deoxyribose;

* a sugar with five carbon atoms;

a phosphate group (or phosphoric acid), identical for the nucleotides of DNA and RNA, attached to the 5 'carbon atom of the deoxyribose, and to the 3' carbon atom of the nucleotide deoxyribose following).

Since phosphates and sugars are always the same in a given nucleic acid, the nature of the nucleotide is determined by the nucleic base it contains. The sequence of a strand of DNA or RNA can therefore be summarized in the succession of nucleic bases present. The five main nucleotides are named according to their nucleic base.

Part B:

Role of DNA and his relation with proteins:

A protein is an assembly of amino acids.

The DNA is contained in the chromosomes and formed of nucleotides (nitrogenous base, phosphate and deoxyribose which is a sugar).

These two entities are linked by a very important but implicit link. We will discover it little by little.

Chromosomes consist of DNA.

DNA is a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA is in the nucleus while the proteins are in the cytoplasm of the cell.

DNA contains genes, since it constitutes chromosomes. The role of genes is to make proteins so that they can act in cells. It must be taken into consideration that there are several types of proteins. It should be known that DNA can not act alone to renew the "stock" of proteins of the cell.

There is an intermediate nucleic acid between DNA and the proteins that is RNA.

This intermediate could be a particular molecule: RNA. Indeed, during the synthesis of a protein in the cytoplasm, the ribosomes (organelles where the protein synthesis takes place) are aligned along an RNA molecule.

Take the image of DNA as a computer. This computer contains files, unreadable data, here the genetic information, that takes a USB key (the messenger RNA). This done, this key comes out of the nucleus through the pores of the nuclear envelope and gives its data and files taken from a machine, which symbolizes the ribosome, which will organize the information received to create many different objects, proteins, according to the information it receives, being itself a protein.

Role of the protein in the cell.

In the body, proteins play essential roles:

*They play a structural role and participate in the renewal of muscle tissue, integuments (hair, nails, hair), bone matrix, skin, etc.

*They participate in many physiological processes, for example in the form of digestive enzymes, hemoglobin, hormones, receptors or immunoglobulins (antibodies).

They are, moreover, the only source of nitrogen in the body.

Answer:

The answer is option D.

Explanation:

Populace appropriation implies the example of where individuals live. Total populace dispersion is uneven. Spots which are meagerly populated contain few individuals. Spots which are thickly populated contain numerous people.A inspecting appropriation is a hypothetical dispersion of the qualities that a predefined measurement of an example goes up against in the majority of the conceivable examples of a particular size that can be produced using a given populace. Populace thickness is an estimation of the quantity of individuals in a zone.

Kingdom animalia

Answer:

Explanation

Kingdom Animalia is an environment that consumes other organisms in order to receive energy back. The organism that Jason is studying is Kingdom Animalia.

Final answer:

Membrane fluidity refers to the lateral movement and flexibility of proteins and lipids within the cell membrane, essential for transport, signaling, and maintaining homeostasis. The fluid mosaic model illustrates this, while factors like lipid unsaturation and temperature can affect fluidity.

Explanation:

In biological terms, membrane fluidity refers to the flexibility of the cell membrane, which is an essential property for maintaining cellular function and integrity. The fluid characteristic of a cell membrane is attributed to the fluid mosaic model where integral proteins and lipids are not rigidly fixed in place, but rather float and move laterally within the membrane, much like buoys in water. This fluid nature allows for the components of the membrane to change position and adapt to various conditions, which is critical for processes like transport of substances in and out of the cell, signaling, and interacting with external environments to maintain homeostasis.

Cell membranes are not infinitely flexible, as they can burst if overly stretched or penetrated by a foreign object. However, the ability of the membrane to self-seal after being penetrated by a fine needle demonstrates its remarkable fluidity. Furthermore, membrane fluidity is affected by factors such as the degree of unsaturation in the hydrocarbon tails of the lipids and environmental temperature, both of which can alter the fluid nature of the membrane to ensure proper physiological functioning.

Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment, including both abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) aspects of the environment. It is a very broad definition and the science of ecology tends to overlap other biological sciences.

Answer:

The correct answer is ecology.

Explanation:

The ecology is a branch of biology that deals with the interaction among organisms and its environment. The ecology deals with the living (biotic) and the non living factors (abiotic) present on the earth. In ecology, the interaction between one organism to other and an organism to its environment and the effects of these interactions is studied.

1. Neon 2. Water 3. Wood; Out of these 3 substances one is a solid, one a liquid, and one a gas. So going from that, the least organized would be neon since a gaseous substance has particles that have no arrangement . The next water, since it is a liquid with minimal arrangement. The most particle-organized substance would be wood since it is a solid.

2 hours and 42 minutes is 2.7 hours.

You multiply 2.7 x 80, getting 216, so the train traveled

216 miles.

To find the distance a train travels given its speed and time, you use the formula distance = speed x time. The speed here is 80mph and the time, when converted entirely to hours, is 2.7 hours. Therefore the total distance the train travels is 216 miles.

In this question, we are asked to find the distance a train travels in a given time. In mathematics, we can determine this by using the formula for distance which is speed multiplied by time. The speed of the train is given as 80mph. The time is given as 2 hours and 42 minutes. But, as the speed is in mph, we should convert those 42 minutes to hours. 42 minutes is 0.7 hours when converted (since 42/60 = 0.7). So the total time then becomes 2.7 hours (2 hours + 0.7 hours).

Now we can calculate the distance. Distance = Speed x Time,  so Distance = 80mph x 2.7h = 216miles.

So, the train travels 216 miles in 2 hours and 42 minutes.

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A probe uniquely hybridizes to a specific target gene due to the principle of complementary base pairing, meaning it only binds to the gene with the exact complementary sequence.

A DNA probe will hybridize to a target gene but not to any unrelated genes because each probe is uniquely matched to a specific target gene sequence. This process takes advantage of the principle of complementary base pairing, where adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine in DNA sequences. Hence, the probe, which is a short synthetic DNA sequence, will only bind with, or 'hybridize' to, the target gene that has the complementary sequence. For instance, if the probe sequence is AATGC, it will bind to the gene sequence TTACG but not to any unrelated genes with different sequences.

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Final answer:

When a gas moves from a smaller to a larger container, the particles spread out to occupy the new volume, causing fewer collisions per unit area and, thus, a reduction in pressure according to Avogadro's law. Gas expansion is associated with an increase in entropy and is spontaneous.

Explanation:

When a gas is transferred from a small container into a much larger container, the particles of the gas will spread out more and occupy the new volume available to them. These particles are in constant motion and will continue to move in straight lines until they collide with the walls of the container or with other particles. Due to the increased volume in the larger container, the particles will experience fewer collisions with the walls per unit area, which results in a decrease in pressure, assuming temperature remains constant.

This phenomenon is in line with Avogadro's law, which states that at constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of molecules it contains. When the volume increases, the density of gas particles decreases, and thus the number of collisions against the container walls per unit area will be reduced. This behavior illustrates the properties of gases: they expand to fill the available space, have no fixed shape, and their molecules are spaced widely apart with negligible intermolecular interactions in ideal conditions.

Moreover, the process of a gas expanding into a greater volume is associated with an increase in entropy, as it allows the gas particles more freedom to occupy the space and increases the number of microstates available to the system, which makes it a spontaneous process.

I believe its A. Hope this helps !

The answer is cohesion. Adhesion is when molecules of different substances (an example dew on a leaf) are attracted to each other. And surface tension is a force that creates sort of a thin layer on top of water, so that some small things are able to stand on water. That is how water striders are able to do what they were named after, stride on water.

Fossils are the dead remains of the organisms, which get imprinted on the land's surface.

Thus, the crinoids resemble the Echinodermata, which are the present-day classification of animals.

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Crinoids are related to present-day echinoderms such as starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. They are known for their flower-like appearance but are actually ancient sea animals with features like many arms and tube feet, similar to their echinoderm relatives.

Crinoids, nicknamed 'sea lilies', are actually ancient sea animals, and Missouri has made the crinoid its official state fossil. Present-day animals related to crinoids are other members of the Echinodermata phylum. This includes starfish (or sea stars), sea urchins, and sea cucumbers, which all share a common ancestor with crinoids. These animals are characterized by their fivefold symmetry, although crinoids can have many more than five arms. Additionally, like their echinoderm relatives, crinoids use a water vascular system for feeding and movement. Crinoids have a complex structure that includes a flower-like crown and a stem with ring-like elements; despite their plant-like appearance, they are suspension feeders with tube feet used to move captured food towards the mouth.

The sun's rays are more concentrated near the equator

Answer:

The answer to the question: Tropical and polar climate zones are very distinct, this is because: the sun´s rays are more concentrated towards the equator than the poles and second, because the ozone layer tends to thin out towards the poles, a system that allows heat to exit Earth to prevent it from overheating the planet.

Explanation:

The first reason why the Tropics tend to be different in their climate from the poles has to do with the way the sun hits different parts of Earth. In the case of the equator, the sun´s rays hit this zone almost directly, which ensures more warmth. But the poles receive these rays more obliquely. But another reason comes from the ozone layers which protect the planet from the sun. In the equator region, which is were the tropic climate is, the layers are thicker and thus trap heat from the sun better, whereas in the poles, these layers thin out. It is almost like the Earth´s own refrigeration system to prevent from overheating.

Of the following given choices;

I.All cells arise from other cells.

II. All living cells require water for survival.

III. All living things are only composed of cells

The answer is; II and III

While these are also characteristics of cells, cell theory, a historic (17th century)theory, was used proved that cells emanated from other cells. The theory is accredited to Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. It was a major disapproval from the previously popular theory of spontaneous generation.

The other tenets of this theory include;

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.

The answer would be the Oceans because water makes up a very large portion of the earth in general.

Hope this helps!!

the oceans makes up the largest portion of the hydrosphere because hydro means water and the oceans are big bodys of water so there for the oceans makes up the largest portion of the hydrosphere

Answer is Devonian ,I just took the test And it was right ,have a nice Day hope i earned brainliest

According to the context, the Devonian period belongs to the Paleozoic era and not the Cenozoic era.

It is the geological period that extended from the end of the Silurian, being one of the six divisions that make up the Paleozoic Era.

In this period, due to the records and the transition of species, it is notable that its wheater was hot and dry and it is known as the expansion of fish, such as placoderms or actinopterygians.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the context, the Devonian period belongs to the Paleozoic era and not the Cenozoic era.

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1. Sedimentary rock

2. Trace

For number three, I'm sorry, but I'm not sure.

I hope this helped !!

1. Fossils are most often found in sedimentary rock.

2. Any "signs" of past life activity, like footprints or burrows, are called trace fossils.

3. Sharks' teeth and petrified wood are fossils in which organic compounds are replaced by other elements. This process is called mineralization.

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Abiotic Factors of Taiga Biome: The abiotic factors includes temperature, sunlight, soil, air, water. In taiga biome the climate is marked by bitterly cold winter of long duration and cool brief summer season. The winter months are always below freezing point.