Identify two ways in which animals can reduce the intensity of intraspecific competition

Treponema pallidium causes Syphilis.

Final answer:

Syphilis, a highly contagious STI caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, progresses through primary, secondary, and tertiary stages and can be fatal if left untreated.

Explanation:

The sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum is syphilis. This infection is highly contagious and can be spread through direct physical contact, primarily sexual. After entering the body, T. pallidum disseminates rapidly into the bloodstream and tissues.

Syphilis progresses through three stages if left untreated: primary syphilis with a hard chancre; secondary syphilis with skin and mucous membrane lesions; and tertiary syphilis, which may lead to fatal complications. In 2015, there were almost 75,000 new cases reported in the United States. It is essential for syphilis to be diagnosed and treated early to prevent long-term damage and spread of the infection.

This means that Florida panther population is endangered (closely to become extinct).
Florida panther is a population of cougar which lives in South Florida in the United States. The Florida panther has the low genetic diversity because of the factors (environmental and genetic) like habitat destruction. As a result, the distinct and isolated subspecies was formed followed by a decrease in the population size and increase of inbreeding depression. Inbreeding depression led to the increased expression of deleterious traits in the populations, lowering the fitness of the population.

Answer:

(2) Over time, these animals will become less likely to survive in a changing environment.

Explanation:

(1) These animals will begin to evolve rapidly.

(2) Over time, these animals will become less likely to survive in a changing environment.

(3) These animals are easily able to adapt to the environment.

(4) Over time, these animals will become more likely to be resistant to disease.

A small population of an organism with limited genetic variation will be less likely to survive in a changing environment over  a period of time.

This is because the population will experience a bottleneck effects, a form of genetic drift that happens when a population is small.

Reduced genetic variation limits the number of genes that natural selection can act on as the environment keeps changing with time. Hence, the survival of the population is at risk a a result of changes to the environment.

The correct option is option (2).

Answer: Temperate Deciduous Forest

Description: The Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome is suffering from deforestation due to reasons such as need for space from overpopulation and demand for goods that require paper or wood. 

Cancer develops from a single cell that goes awry. This statement is True

Cancer does indeed develop from a single cell that undergoes abnormal changes or mutations in its genetic material (DNA).

These mutations can cause the cell to divide and grow uncontrollably, forming a mass of cells known as a tumor. Over time, cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.

While there can be multiple factors that contribute to the development of cancer, it typically starts with a single cell that undergoes malignant transformation. This statement is True

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Our cells are resistant to antibiotics

Final answer:

Antibiotics kill bacterial cells and not human cells because they target the peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls, a structure absent in human cells. Some bacteria can evolve to resist antibiotics, however, making these drugs less effective.

Explanation:

Antibiotics are medicines that primarily target bacterial cells, without causing damage to human cells. The primary reason for this capability is that antibiotics target certain aspects of the bacterial cells that are dissimilar to our cells, mainly their cell walls. Unlike human cells, bacterial cells have a cell wall made up of a unique substance called peptidoglycan.

Many antibiotics function by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, which weakens the bacterial cell wall and makes it more susceptible to osmotic pressure. This leads to the destruction of the bacterial cells, thus combating the infection. However, it's important to note that some bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance, evolving in ways that render antibiotics less effective against them.

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Answer:

Basic characteristics of Sponges:
                                                         Sponges belong to phylum porifera. They are simple multi-cellular aquatic animals. They have pores in their body thats why they look like sponge we use in kitchen. These pores are known as ostia. The body cavity is known as spongocoel, which open to out side through large pore known as osculum. Their body is composed of two layers, choanocyte and pinacocyte. Choanocytes are flagellated cells having spikes which help in movement of water into body and aid in capturing of food particles. The skeleton is made up of calcium carbonate or silica. A jelly like substance called as mesoglea is present between pinacocyte and choanoderm. 

General characteristics of Archeocyathans:
                                                                         The term archeocyathans is a Greek word for "ancient cup". They have a single common ancestor and became one of the planet first reef animals. Species of archeocyathans is divided into two classes, six orders, 12 suborders, 120 families and nearly 300 genera.  They are associated with carbonate sedimentation.They generally lived in shallow water with photic zone. Their fossils often co-occured with fossils of cyanobacteria. These are marine organisms whose fossils record dated back to late Precambrian and early Cambrian period. They are most closely resemble to calcareous sponges. Their structure s are conical or tubular in shape and superficially resembles horn reefs. They have world wide distribution and found in Australia, Antartica, Spain, Cubec, New york and California,

Answer:  the intestines .
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The way HIV spreads quickly though the gay male population is through unprotected intercourse. A common misconception is that since men can't get pregnant, condoms do not need to be used. This is false, because without condoms, STD's are easily transmitted.

Answer: Hypothalamus ; Sympathetic

When a stressful situation occurs, the brain's hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system.

There are autonomic responses whenever there is any psychological stress condition prepares the body to fight or adapt to it. The response to psychological or physical stress activates the sympathetic nervous system and inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system.

The HPA axis or the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responds to stress by releasing cortisol which influences metabolic, immunological and psychological functions. The HPA axis is regulated by several regions of the brain such as prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, limbic system etc.

The molecules upon which enzyme may act are called substrate. Increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction. This is because more substrate molecules will be colliding with enzyme molecules so more product will be formed.

Final answer:

Increasing the amount of enzyme promotes enzyme activity by providing more active sites for substrates to bind to, enabling more concurrent enzymatic reactions. This increase in reaction occurs up to the point where all enzymes become saturated with substrates; beyond this point, additional substrates or enzymes will not further enhance the reaction rate.

Explanation:

"Increasing the amount of enzyme can promote enzyme activity because enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in cells without being consumed in the process". When more enzymes are present, there are more active sites available for substrate molecules to bind to, forming enzyme-substrate complexes. This increase in available active sites means that more reactions can occur simultaneously, provided there is sufficient substrate present. If the substrate concentration is low, increasing the concentration of substrates will also increase the reaction rate. Once all enzyme molecules are saturated with substrate, further increases in substrate concentration won't enhance the rate of reaction.

Enzymes operate best under certain environmental conditions including temperature and pH, which relate to the habitat of the organism from which the enzyme originates. For example, human enzymes are optimized to function at body temperature (37°C) and neutral pH. In contrast, enzymes from microbes in hot springs are stable and functional at much higher temperatures.

because it contains caffine which makes you sleepless

Evironmental resources are important to human health, like trees for example. Trees give off oxygen which is vital to our health.

Answer:

1. Oxygen

2. Vitamins and minerals

Explanation:

Environment has given us various essential resources to sustain human life on planet earth

1. Oxygen -

Oxygen is very essential for survival of human. A person can live without food and water for some time and not without air. Breathing also provides energy for all our metabolic processes

2. Vitamins and Minerals

Both Vitamins and minerals are natural element which are very essential for regulating the growth, functioning and health of our body. These element cannot be produced by man.

by the excretory system through the large intestine

 The is the Excretory System

1. The resources the human body needs to survive include food, water, and oxygen. Food includes macro-molecules, as well as vitamins and minerals. Water- can be taken in through foods or drinks, 3/4 of the body is water and oxygen is the air around us is about 20% oxygen and the gas humans need to survive. 

2. The role that food play in the human body depends on the type of food; (there are three types of food, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins). Carbohydrates act as a quick source of energy, lipids are long term source of energy, cushioning of organs, and also makes up much of the brain. Proteins mainly build and repair body tissues.

3. The role of water in the human body includes;
Dissolves other materials and allows them to flow in the blood, it gives the cells structure, just the right amount needed to prevent shrinking and exploding, allows food to digest and pass through the intestinal walls in the blood stream, carry waste products out of the body in the urine and regulating homeostasis of body temperature by evaporating and sweating. 

4. The role of oxygen in the human body is that it allows human to bur food, creating energy through the process of respiration. Each cell in the body needs oxygen to survive. Cells turn glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP) within their mitochondria through cellular respiration process. Therefore; without oxygen, food can not be processed and energy won't be made.

5. The human body systems that work together to create, process or distribute the body's main power sources include; the digestive system and the cardiovascular system, Food is taken through the digestive system, passes through cardiovascular system for the distribution to all cells where its let into the cells by insulin and processed within the mitochondria. Also the respiratory system and cardiovascular system, Oxygen is taken through the respiratory system, and passes to the cardiovascular system for distribution to all cells, where its processed within the mitochondria. Water goes through digestive system, cardiovascular system and the urinary system to remove wastes and also maintain homeostasis.

6. Personal factors and environmental factors impact the body's ability to survive without air, food or water. Environmental factors include the presence of dangerous animals, temperature of air, humidity of air, presence of protective clothing among others. Personal factors on the other hand include; Fitness level, age, will to survive, amount of fat, genes, metabolism, etc.

Answer:...........