Answer:
Optimum pH= 6
Optimum pH for the given enzyme would be the average of pKa values of two amino acids (2.9 + 9.1 /2= 6)
Explanation:
The pKa represents the association constant of amino acids. It is calculated by taking the negative log value of the ratio of a dissociated acid and the conjugated base which in turn regulates the isoelectric point (pI) of the protein.
The amino acids present in the active site of the enzyme regulate the interaction of enzyme and substrate. The given enzyme contains two ionizable amino acids with pKa values of 2.9 and 9.1 respectively. Therefore, the optimum pH of the given enzyme would be 2.9 + 9.1 / 2 = 12/2 = 6.
At pH 6, both the ionizable amino acids would serve as a good buffer with their active proton donor and proton acceptor species.
What are the strengths and limitations of this model?
Answer:
strengths are it's simple and easily understood and limitations is that it cant maintain simplicity if it's more descriptive
Answer:The model clearly shows how digestion occurs in the cell and the organelles involved in the process. However, the model doesn’t show the other organelles in the cell or the environment in which the cell lives.
Explanation:i did the answer
A recombinant plasmid created during a recombinant DNA experiment:
A.consists only of extra-chromosomal bacterial DNA.
B.carries and allows expression of a foreign gene of interest.
C.is used in whole organism cloning.
D.can be used to insert bacterial genes into a human.
E.functions to remove specific genes from a plant.
Answer:
B.carries and allows expression of a foreign gene of interest.
Explanation:
Plasmids are the low molecular weight extrachromosomal DNA molecules that are able to replicate themselves independent of chromosomal DNA due to the presence of "ori" (origin of replication).
Plasmids serve as vectors in recombinant DNA technology as some of their genes can be replaced with the gene of interest to create recombinant plasmids.
The restriction enzymes that create the sticky ends and DNA ligases facilitate the insertion of the foreign gene into the plasmids.
The host cells are made competent to take up the recombinant plasmids. Once inside the host cell, the recombinant plasmids replicate themselves and express the gene of interest that they carry.
A recombinant plasmid created during a recombinant DNA experiment is a plasmid that carries and allows expression of a foreign gene of interest. It is introduced into a bacterial host where it replicates and produces the desired protein.
Explanation:A recombinant plasmid created during a recombinant DNA experiment is a plasmid (also called a vector) that carries and allows expression of a foreign gene of interest. It is created artificially by inserting foreign DNA into a plasmid, which is a small circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosomal DNA in bacteria. This recombinant plasmid is then introduced into a bacterial host for replication, allowing for the production of the desired protein.
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Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is responsible for regulating her blood sugar?
Answer:
Pancreas
Explanation:
The pancreas manufactures by the islets that manufactures glucagon, is in charge of produce insuline that is responsible for synthesizing glucose
A researcher has developed two stains for use with seed plants. One stains sporophyte tissue blue; the other stains gametophyte tissue red. If the researcher exposes pollen grains to both stains, and then rinses away the excess stain, what should occur?
A) The pollen grains will be pure red.
B) The pollen grains will be pure blue.
C) The pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors.
D) The pollen grains will have blue interiors and red exteriors.
E) Insofar as the pollen grains are independent of the plant that produced them, they will not absorb either stain.2
Answer:
A) The pollen grains will be pure red.
Explanation:
Plants have alternation of generations, this means that there are two different stages in their life-cycle: a sexual haploid (n) phase and an asexual diploid phase (2n). These phases occur in different individuals, so there is an haploid plant called gametophyte that carries gametes and after fecundation, it will rise a diploid sporophyte (asexual).
In seed plants, the sporophyte is the plant that we normally see, and the gametophyte is reduced into an organ of the sporophyte. The male gametophyte is the pollen that is produced in the sporangium in anthers (parts of sporophyte). When a pollen grain fecundes a female gametophyte (egg), it will produce a diploid embryo or new sporophyte.
Therefore, if the researcher exposes pollen to both stains, these grain will stain red, because red stain identifies gametophyte tissue.
Pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors after being exposed to two stains that differentiate sporophyte tissue (blue) and gametophyte tissue (red).
C is correct
Explanation:When a researcher exposes pollen grains to two different stains where one stains sporophyte tissue blue and the other stains gametophyte tissue red, and then rinses away the excess stain, the observed outcome should be that the pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors.
This is because pollen grains are part of the gametophyte generation of the plant lifecycle, thus the interior containing the generative cell which is responsible for the next generation of gametes will stain red. However, pollen grains are also contained within the larger sporophyte structure of the seed plant, where the surrounding tissues are part of the sporophyte generation and will thus stain blue.
When bacteria are inoculated into a new sterile nutrient broth, their numbers don't begin to increase immediately. Instead, there is a lag phase that may last for an hour or even several days. Why don't bacterial numbers increase immediately?
Answer:The correct reason is that the bacteria must amend themselves to the content of the nutrient in the novel medium, has to produce essential amino acids, growth factors, and other enzymes in order to survive.
In the field of microbiology, to inoculate means basically to present or insert one substance into another. For example, one could inoculate a culture of bacteria with some kind of chemical constituent, or it can be said that one introduces the chemical compound into the culture of the bacteria.
Explanation:
The most abundant class of phospholipid in animal cell membranes, with a hydrophobic tail composed of two fatty acyl chains, esterified to the two hydroxyl groups in glycerol phosphate and a polar head group attached to the phosphate group, is called: Phosphoglyceride. Cholesterol. Glycolipid. Liposome. Phosphoglyceride and liposome.
Answer:
Phosphoglyceride.
Explanation:
The cell membrane or plasma membrane is made up of lipid bilayer and proteins may be inserted or spans the membrane bilayer. The carbohydrate moieties are also present in association with lipids and proteins.
The phosphoglycerides are the most class of phospholipid present in plasma membrane. The phosphoglycerides consists of lipid bilayer linked with the hydroxyl group and the phosphate group is attached with the polar head group. The phosphate group attaches with the third carbon atom of the glycerol.
Thus, the correct answer is option (1).
Scientists developed a new margarine containing plant ingredients they think will lower blood cholesterol levels in people who use the margarine. They want to test this by comparing the cholesterol levels of people who use the new margarine for a while to cholesterol levels of a group of people who use regular margarine. This is an example of what type of research design?a. Intervention studyb. Epidemiological study
Answer: a. Intervention study
Explanation:
In an interventional research study the participants receive an intervention as they are given a new item or commodity to use and the results of use are evaluated on the basis of change made by the commodity on the participant. Such studies are used for the purpose of clinical trails.
The given research design is the example of interventional study. As the margarine is a new commodity the ingredients of which are claimed to lower down the blood cholesterol levels which can tested by comparing the cholesterol levels in people.
You are caring for a 21dashyeardashold female pregnant female in her third trimester who fell down a flight of steps. You currently have her fully immobilized. During transport, she keeps complaining of dizziness. In what position should you place her to minimize this?a) Supine with the legs elevatedb) Supine.c) Supine with the backboard tilted to the leftd) Sitting up
Answer:
Supine with the backboard tilted to the left.
Explanation:
Pregnancy period is also known as gestation period, the development of the offspring inside the womb. The pregnancy is divided into the different trimester periods.
A pregnant female has fallen down a flight of steps. The lady should be supine with the back board must be tilted to the left as this position reduces her dizziness. This position helps the female to relax and provide protection to both the mother and the offspring. More oxygen will be available to the female.
Thus, the correct answer is option (c).
Interactions between the herbaceous plant Lithophragma parviflorum (also known as the woodland star) and the moth Greya politella serve as a good example of mosaic coevolution in nature. The moth lays its eggs into developing flowers of the woodland star, but the plant pays a cost for this because moth larvae eat some of the woodland star's seeds. In addition, this moth is the sole pollinator of the woodland star's flowers in some geographic locations, while in other locations, the woodland star has additional pollinators. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding mosaic coevolution in this example?
a. The moth Greya politella is completely reliant on the woodland star as its host, but the woodland star is not always reliant on the moth as its sole pollinator.
b. In all studied locations, the woodland star rarely aborted flower capsules that contained moth eggs, compared to capsules that had no moth eggs
c. In populations where alternative pollinators were present, the woodland star selectively aborted flower capsules that contained moth eggs because the costs of having the moth pollinator outweighed the benefits, and selection favored an antagonistic response
d. In cases where the moth was the sole pollinator for the plant, the woodland star rarely aborted flower capsules that contained moth eggs because the benefits of having the moth pollinator outweighed the costs, and selection favored mutualism
Answer:
b. In all studied locations, the woodland star rarely aborted flower capsules that contained moth eggs, compared to capsules that had no moth eggs
Explanation:
According to the given information, the moth is the sole pollinator of the woodland star in some locations while the same plant species have alternative pollinators. This means that the plant is not completely dependent on the moth species while the moth is completely dependent on the woodland star as its host.
In the presence of alternative pollinators, the woodland star plants have evolved the mechanisms to abort the flower capsule having the eggs of the moth. This is because the larvae of moth adversely affect its host by feeding on the seeds. So, when the alternative pollinators are available, the plant would not allow the eggs of the moth to develop into the harmful larvae.
On the other hand, in the regions where the given moth species is the only pollinator of woodland star flowers, the plant bears the cost of pollination by not aborting the flower capsules with the eggs of the pollinator.
Option (b) is NOT true about mosaic coevolution in the example provided; it inaccurately claims woodland stars rarely abort flower capsules with moth eggs in all studied locations, which contradicts the variable responses expected in mosaic coevolution based on alternative pollinators' presence.
The statement that is NOT true regarding mosaic coevolution in the example of the interaction between the herbaceous plant Lithophragma parviflorum (woodland star) and the moth Greya politella is option (b). This statement suggests that woodland stars rarely aborted flower capsules that contained moth eggs compared to capsules without moth eggs in all studied locations, which contradicts the concept of mosaic coevolution where the plant's response to the moth's egg-laying would vary depending on the presence or absence of other pollinators. In the scenario described, the woodland star has developed different responses in populations where there are alternative pollinators compared to where the moth is the sole pollinator.
In populations with alternative pollinators, the woodland star showed a tendency to selectively abort flower capsules with moth eggs, as explained in option (c). Here the costs of the relationship with the moth (the moth larvae eating the seeds) outweighed the benefits (pollination), leading to a more antagonistic interaction. Conversely, in populations where the moth was the sole pollinator, option (d) explains that the woodland star rarely aborted capsules with moth eggs, emphasizing a mutualistic relationship where the benefits of pollination outweigh the costs of seed predation.
Moths as pollinators, like the corn earworm moth and the Gaura plant, generally have a symbiotic relationship where both the moth and the plant benefit. However, the intricacies of coevolution can lead to variations in these relationships across different environments, leading to what is known as mosaic coevolution, as observed in the woodland star and the Greya politella moth.
The respiratory system is best described as The system which removes wastes from cells and exhales them from the body. The system which delivers oxygen directly to cells and takes away carbon dioxide. The system which provides the ability to burn all nutrients in the cells. The system which delivers oxygen to the bloodstream and takes away carbon dioxide.
Answer:
Option (4).
Explanation:
Respiratory system may be defined as the system involves in the exchange of gases between the tissue, lungs and the outside environment. The respiratory system involves nose, mouth, larynx, trachea, lungs, brochi, alevoli and alveolar ducts.
The oxygen is inhaled in the body and carbon dioxide is exhaled out from the body. The oxygen is transferred into the blood stream by binding of oxygen with hemoglobin. The oxygen is diffused in to body due to the partial pressure difference of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Thus, the correct answer is option (4).
Describe how water is important to plants in terms of hydrolysis and dehydration
Water is crucial for plants as it is involved in dehydration synthesis, where it is a byproduct, and hydrolysis, where it breaks bonds between molecules.
Dehydration synthesis involves the formation of new bonds between molecules and requires energy, creating water as a byproduct. Conversely, hydrolysis reactions use water to break bonds between molecules, releasing energy in the process.
During photosynthesis, water molecules are split in a process known as photolysis. This step is critical as it generates the hydrogen necessary for the synthesis of glucose, which plants use as an energy source. Meanwhile, the oxygen produced during photolysis is released into the atmosphere, contributing to the oxygen we breathe.
Moreover, water is essential in maintaining plant turgor, which gives the plant structure and enables growth. Water also serves as a medium for transporting vital minerals and nutrients from the roots throughout the plant, further demonstrating its key role in plant physiology. Lastly, through the process of transpiration, excess water vapor is released, which not only aids in nutrient transport but also helps to regulate temperature within the plant.
The following five questions are related to the following experiment.
In a laboratory, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette (with nicotine) immediately before climbing into the driver’s seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette (without nicotine). You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. Your hypothesis is that nicotine will increase the likelihood of being involved in a collision.
1.) In this study, the independent variable is:
2.) In this study, the dependent variable is:
3.) In this study, the participants who smoke a cigarette without nicotine comprise the _____________________ group.
4.) In this study, the participants who smoke a real cigarette (with nicotine) comprise the ______________________ group.
5.) A confounding variable related to this experiment could be:
Answer:
1) The independent variable is nicotine consumption.
2) The dependent variable is 'Involvement in a collision'. In this case the values the variable could take would be binary. For example 'were involved in a collision' and 'weren't involved in a collision'.
3) In this study, the participants who smoke a cigarette without nicotine comprise the __control___________________ group.
4.) In this study, the participants who smoke a real cigarette (with nicotine) comprise the ___experimental___________________ group.
5.) A confounding variable related to this experiment could be:
Confounding variables are any other variable that also has an effect on your dependent variable. They are like extra independent variables that are having a hidden effect on your dependent variables.
In this case, there are many examples of confounding variables that could have an effect on the dependent variable:
For example:
Subject's eyesight
Subject's age
Subjects's driving experience,
and so on
Please help. (Question in linked image)
Answer:
The first option that is marked is correct.
Explanation:
Ionic bond is much stronger than the hydrogen bonding thus
it would require a large amount of energy to separate them for replication or transcription.
A(n) ______ occurs when two or more atoms or molecules combine to make new molecules with different properties. chemical reaction response nucleic acids
Answer: Chemical reaction
Explanation:
Question is in the image.
Answer:
Flask B would be the control group
Explanation:
The purpose of the control group is to have something to compare your results to.
In both flask A and C, you are mixing amylase with amylose. The hypothesis is that amylase promotes hydrolysis. Well, how do you prove this without having a flask that has no amylase in it?
In terms of your heartbeat, digestion, and glandular functioning, your body is pretty much a well-oiled machine that works even when you are asleep. This is possible due to your __________ nervous system.
Answer:
Autonomic
Explanation:
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for control and regulation of unconscious body functions. It is constantly working even if we don't realize it, unlike the somatic nervous system, which is associated to voluntary actions such as movement via skeletal muscles.
A spider plant sends out runners that have buds. When planted, the bud grows into a mature plant. The resulting plant has one parent and is genetically ___________ to the parent(s).
different
similar
identical
A spider plant sends out runners that have buds. When planted, the bud grows into a mature plant. The resulting plant has one parent and is genetically identical to the parent.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Reproduction is of two types one is sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. The asexual reproduction mostly involves only one parent and therefore the off spring that is born is genetically identical with the parent.
whereas in sexual reproduction that involves 2 parents the off spring born contains a genetic makeup that is a combination of 2 parents and thereby not genetically identical.
Alon claimed that a tincture of a local herb was effective in lowering anxiety and was planning to invest in the product. As evidence of his claim, Alon, who had anxiety over his financial situation, said that he felt much better after the treatment, was much more relaxed, and no longer worried about his finances. What methodological flaws BEST characterizes Alon's investigation?
Answer:
Not using control cases and testing his hypothesis only on one pacient, himself. Not creating or using a method that allowed him to measure the results.
Explanation:
During the investigation Alon had a few methodological flaws. First of all, he based a hypothesis over only one case, his own. He should have tested the product on different pacients under similar circumstances, the more the merrier. Moreover, it is not recommended that the investigator tests the hypothesis on himself, since he can lose perspective.
Second of all, he did not use control cases. This means he should have given placebo pills (pills with no medical effect at all) to a group of pacients without them knowing. Doing this helps eliminating the psicologycal factor of the equation, since pacients have proven to get better, in some cases, just because they thought the medicine would heal them, and not because of the drug itself.
Also, he came to a conclusion based on how anxious and worried he felt after the treatment, but expresses the results with words such as "much more". In this case he should have created and/or used a method to measure the change in anxiety and how much the pacient worried. For example, before starting the test he could have rated his anxiety level from 1 to 10, and then, done the same thing during and after the treatment was over. By doing this he creates data that can be numerically processed and makes the human subjectivity factor smaller.
You're discussing a forensic crime scene show your roommate, who insists that fingerprints are left behind due to the sebum on our fingertips. What do you tell him?
Answer:
Fingerprints are left behind due to the sweat on our fingertips as well as sebum that sticks to or fingertips from our face and hair.
Explanation:
The ridges along the finger tips contain pores connecting to sweat glands. The sweat gland which is found in greater number in hands and feet is the eccrine gland. The sweat contains water in major amount and also contains lipids. Sebaceous glands on our face and hair secrete sebum.
When we touch our face and hair sebum sticks to the fingertips and the oily residue made by sweat and sebum coats our fingers. It is the residue and not just sebum on our fingertips that leaves a fingerprint when we touch a surface.
All of the following statements are True EXCEPT
a. 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
b. hemoglobin will bind more oxygen when the partial pressure is low than when the partial pressure is high.
c. oxygen dissociates more readily from hemoglobin as pH decreases.
d. increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin.
e. decreasing temperature will cause a shift to the left in the hemoglobin saturation curve.
Answer:
Option (2).
Explanation:
Hemoglobin may be defined as red color pigment present in the red blood cells. The main function of hemoglobin is the transport of oxygen molecules in the body.
Various factors can affect the binding of oxygen with hemoglobin. The higher the partial pressure of oxygen, more oxygen will bind to the hemoglobin and transport faster in the blood. Low partial pressure decreases the binding affinity of oxygen with hemoglobin. All other factors mentioned in the questions are correct.
Thus, the correct answer is option (b).
During gamete formation, each allele of a pair for a gene moves to separate gametes. Which principle is indicative of this statement?
A.
The principle of independent assortment
B.
The principle of segregation
C.
The principle of unit characters
Answer:
A
Explanation:
"The principle of independent assortment" is the one principle among the following choices given in the question that is indicative of this statement. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the first option. I hope that the answer has actually come to your great help.
A griffin is a mythical creature that appears in many stories. It has the head of an eagle and the body of a lion. What role could the griffin have in the science of biology
Answer:
D. The griffin has no role in biology, because it is not real.
Explanation:
Science focuses solely on the natural world.
Answer:
No role
Explanation:
Griffin has no role in in the science of biology because it is considered as an mythical creature with absurd body structure. Its body consisted of head of an eagle and the remaining body like a lion. Also the researches conducted could not establish any link or relation between Griffin or any other organism on the planet.
In lack of adequate evidences , no evolutionary linkages could be found for Griffin and hence, it is now considered as an organism of no use to biology.
The Nobel prize was awarded to Kari Mullis for discovering a process to amplify DNA in a test tube without any cells involved. This type of process is known as a/an ___________ reaction/process.
Answer:
Polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is a technique to make many copies of a specific DNA region in vitro (in a test tube rather than an organism).
What is the role of mRNA during translation? A. It links the correct amino acids together. B. It provides the code for the protein. C. It breaks apart the tRNA molecules. D. It translates from amino acids to nucleic acids.
Answer:
B. It provides the code for the protein
Explanation:
Remember that mRNA stands for Messenger RNA.
The role of mRNA during translation is it provides the code for the protein. (Option B).
What happens during translation?During translation, the role of mRNA (messenger RNA) is to provide the genetic code that determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
The genetic code is carried in the form of codons, which are three-nucleotide sequences on the mRNA molecule. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or a termination signal.
The ribosomes, the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis, read the mRNA sequence and use it as a template to assemble the correct sequence of amino acids in the growing polypeptide chain.
This process continues until a stop codon is reached, signaling the termination of protein synthesis.
So option B is the correct answer.
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The chances of a species going extinct are increased when its geographic range is _____________, its local population size is ______________, and its habitat tolerance is _______________.
Answer:
The correct answers are - "restricted", "small" and "narrow" in the order of blanks.
Explanation:
Extinct animals or species are the species that are no longer present on the earth or in other words no longer living. It includes all different types and times of animals and species such as gigantic prehistoric species like dinosaurs and mammoth or very modern animals or species like Dodo.
The chances of being extinct can be increased by all different reasons and conditions, the restricted geological range is one of them here geological range refers to the geological area or boundary for a spatial species that it does not occur outside of this boundary.
Another condition is a smaller local population size which decreases the probability of survival of a particular species. Habitat tolerance is another essential condition which describes the tolerance the conditions of a particular area are tolerable for a species or not.
Thus, the correct answers are - "restricted", "small" and "narrow" in the order of blanks.
Full color (D) in domestic cats is dominant over dilute color (d). Out of 325 cats observed,194 have full color and 131 have dilute color. If these cats are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for the dilution locus, calculate the frequency of the d allele. Use three decimal places for your answer.
Answer:
frequency of d allele = 0.635
Explanation:
If p = frequency of dominant allele and q= frequency of recessive allele
According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:
p + q =1 and p² + 2pq + q² = 1
where p² = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
q²= frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
and 2pq= frequency of heterozygous genotype
Here,
q² = d² = 131/325= 0.403
so q= d= √0.40 = 0.6348 = 0.635
Hence frequency of d allele = 0.635
Final answer:
The frequency of the recessive allele (d) in a population of cats that is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is calculated using the number of cats with dilute color. Out of 325 cats, 131 have dilute color, which are homozygous recessive (dd). Using this number, the frequency of the d allele is found to be approximately 0.635.
Explanation:
To calculate the frequency of the d allele in a population of cats in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, we can use the observed phenotypes to infer genotypic frequencies. In Hardy–Weinberg, the frequency of the genotypes should be p2 for DD, 2pq for Dd, and q2 for dd, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele (D) and q is the frequency of the recessive allele (d).
Since we have 194 cats with full color and 131 with dilute color, we know that 131 cats are homozygous recessive (dd). The frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (q2) can be calculated as 131/325. To find the frequency of the recessive allele (q), we take the square root of q2.
Calculations:
Calculate q2: q2 = 131/325 = 0.403Calculate q: q = √(0.403) ≈ 0.635Using three decimal places, the frequency of the d allele (q) is approximately 0.635.
Membrane phospholipids have hydrophobic heads that face the center of the membrane and
a. have hydrophilic tails that face outward and are exposed to water.
b. are able to drift about in the plasma membrane.
c. remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another.
d. are shielded from water.
Answer: Option B. are able to drift about in the plasma membrane.
Explanation:
Membrane phospholipid are having a amphiphilic structure which contains a hydrophilic "head" consisting of a phosphate group and two hydrophobic fatty acid "tails" that are connected to a glycerol molecule.
In contact with water, membrane phospholipid hydrophobic tail avoid interaction with water molecules and allow to drift about in the plasma membrane. the hydrophilic heads line up against each other and forms lipid bi-layer that faces towards water.
The movement of membrane phospholipid forms the fluid mosaic model,in which lipid molecules act as solvent and proteins embedded in it. This allows the proteins and lipid to move across plasma membrane.
Hence, The structural property of membrane phospholipid makes them able to drift about in the plasma membrane
__________ is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin. Under low-oxygen conditions, the abnormal beta chains link together and form stiff rods that alter the shape of the RBCs.
Answer:
Sickle cell anemia
Explanation:
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin. Under low-oxygen conditions, the abnormal beta chains link together and form stiff rods that alter the shape of the RBCs.
a) Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin. Under low-oxygen conditions, the abnormal beta chains link together and form stiff rods that alter the shape of the RBCs.. This causes blockages and various health issues. Thalassemia, polycythemia, and leukopenia are different blood disorders.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin. This mutation occurs in the hemoglobin-beta gene on chromosome 11. The abnormal hemoglobin, referred to as hemoglobin S, causes red blood cells (RBCs) to change shape under low-oxygen conditions, forming stiff rods inside the RBCs. This deformation makes the cells assume a sickle shape, leading to blockages in blood vessels and resulting in various health complications.
Thalassemia: A genetic disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin production, leading to reduced oxygen transport but without changing the shape of RBCs. Polycythemia: A condition characterized by an increased number of RBCs, which can lead to thicker blood and potentially cause clotting issues.Leukopenia: A decrease in the number of white blood cells (WBCs), which weakens the immune system and increases infection risk.complete question:
__________ is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin. Under low-oxygen conditions, the abnormal beta chains link together and form stiff rods that alter the shape of the RBCs.
sickle
cell anemia
thalassemia
polycythemia
Leukopenia
Researchers compared similar proteins from related organisms in different habitats. They found
that the proteins from organisms living in harsh environments had a greater number of cysteine
amino acids than did proteins from organisms not living in harsh environments. The structure of
cysteine is shown. Bonds can form between the sulfur atom of different cysteine amino acids (S-S bonds)
Which of the following best describes the effect of a greater number of cysteine amino acids on the
stability of the proteins?
Answer:
The change leads to increased protein stability because of an increased number of S-S bonds in the tertiary structure of protein.
Explanation:
Disulfide bond:
This is the bond in which sulfur of one amino acid forms a covalent bond with the sulfur of another amino acid.
Proteins contain normally two amino acids which have sulfur in their structure these are Methionine and cysteine
Disulfide bridges formation:
The disulfide bridges are formed by the oxidation of cysteine with the sulfhydryl groups. These bridges are important in the stabilization of the protein tertiary structure. These disulfide bridges are also responsible for bringing the hydrogen bonds closer in two parts of a chain.
Best Choice:
The change leads to increased protein stability because of an increased number of S-S bonds in the tertiary structure of a protein.
Proteins can be visualized in many ways, each of which highlights a specific aspect of the protein. drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. helpreset
For the given sentences, the appropriate terms to be included are as follows :
Space-filling modelSimplified modelRibbon modelSimple ShapeWireframe modelThe 3D representation of a protein is represented by a space filling model, in which the atoms are shown as spheres.
The ribbon model, which is utilized for 3D presentation and uses distinct colour codes for different protein components, aids in understanding the fundamental components of protein structure.
A 3D image created using computer graphics is a wireframe model. When we simply want to investigate the functions of a protein and not its structure, a basic shape diagram is sufficient.
When examining a protein's structure and functions, a simplified diagram is employed.
Various models are suited in various setting and therefore, the terms that best fit in the statement are space-filling model, simplified model, ribbon model, simple shape model, wireframe model respectively.
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