If skeletal muscles work to the point of fatigue, the muscle cells may not have sufficient oxygen to carry out aerobic respiration. What processes do muscle cells use if oxygen is not available for aerobic respiration? electron transport chain ethanol fermentation lactic acid fermentation glycolysis

Answer:

Producers

Explanation:

They are the food for the consumers.

Answer:

D. Producers

Explanation:

They are an important link in the ecosystem. They produce food by photosynthetic processes through the help of soil nutrients, sunlight(solar energy) and Carbon dioxide.

The food they produce are eaten by the consumers such as animals and other small organisms. The animals/ organisms also serve as food for larger animals(carnivores)e.g lion, whale, tiger and omnivores e.g. Man

There are many, and since you didn't specify the choices, some examples include "ff" or "dd" or just two lowercase letters.

Explanation:

Final answer:

A genotype that represents a homozygous recessive condition would consist of two identical recessive alleles, typically represented by two lowercase letters, such as 'aa'.

Explanation:

The genotype that represents a homozygous recessive condition would consist of two identical recessive alleles. In genetic notation, this is often represented by two lowercase letters (e.g., aa). This is because a recessive trait will only be observed when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele, as dominant alleles, if present, will mask the expression of recessive alleles.

For instance, if we consider a gene with two alleles - one dominant (A) and one recessive (a) - the homozygous recessive genotype would be aa for that trait. A homozygous dominant genotype would be AA and a heterozygous genotype would be Aa. Only in the homozygous recessive genotype does the recessive trait get expressed because there is no dominant allele to dominate over the recessive allele.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Proline:CCG

Glutamic Acid: GAG,GAA

Lysine: AAG

Answer: B

Explanation: Each group of three nucleotides code for one amino acid. This means it would take 12 (3 times 4 equals 12) nucleotides to code for, four amino acids.

The mRNA sequences for Proline, Glutamic Acid, Glutamic Acid, and Lysine could respectively be CCU, GAA, GAA, AAA. Twelve nucleotides are needed to code these four amino acids.

A. The mRNA sequences for the amino acids Proline, Glutamic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Lysine could be CCU, GAA, GAA, AAA respectively.
B. Each amino acid is coded for by a set of three nucleotides known as a codon, therefore to code for four amino acids, one would need 3 x 4 = 12 nucleotides. This is because in the genetic code, every sequence of three nucleotide bases corresponds to one specific amino acid.

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Answer:

a) No, because the heme group that has the ability to bind oxygen is bound via the imidazole ring of a histidine residue  

b) The imidazole in solution bind to the heme group and then facilitates its binding to oxygen; however, protein does not have the proximal histidine residues which are capable of triggering conformational changes in the folded protein structure

Given 150 days, the maximum number of generations for C. elegans is approximately 4,114 generations, and for B. thuringiensis is approximately 8,640 generations, calculated based on their respective generation times.

To calculate the maximum number of generations for C. elegans and B. thuringiensis, we will need the total time frame of 150 days and their generation times. The generation time for C. elegans is about 3.5 days, and for B. thuringiensis, it’s approximately 25 minutes.

C. elegans: First, convert the total experiment time from days to the same time unit for generation time. There are 150 days * 24 hours/day * 60 minutes/hour = 216,000 minutes. Then, divide this total available time by the organism's generational cycle: 216,000 minutes / (3.5 days/generation * 24 hours/day * 60 minutes/hour) = about 4,114 generations.

B. thuringiensis: Similarly, we calculate the number of generations: 216,000 minutes / (25 minutes/generation) = approximately 8,640 generations.

The reason behind this large difference in number of generations is the stark difference in generation times of these organisms. The comparatively shorter generation time of B. thuringiensis allows it to produce more generations within the same timeframe.

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Answer:

There are no chances for this couple to have a child with Tay-Sachs disease. 0% of the possibilities.

Explanation:

Tay-Sachs disease affects the nervous system and is potentially mortal. It is transmitted from parents to progeny. Tay-Sachs is caused by a defective gene in the 15 chromosome.

The child that recesives two coppies of this defective gene, one from the mother and one from the father, results sick. But if only one of the parents transmits the gene, then the child will be a carrier. This child won't be sick but will transmit the gene to his/her own progeny.  

Available data:

Cross:

Parental) TT     x     Tt

Gametes) T   T      T   t

Punnet square)   T         T

                     T   TT     TT

                      t    Tt      Tt

F1) Progeny genotype: 2/4= 1/2 normal, TT

                                      2/4= 1/2 Carrier, Tt

                                       0/4= 0 Sick, tt

What are the chances they could have a child with Tay-Sachs?

There are 0% of the possibilities that this family will get a sick child.

Answer:

The chances they would have a child with Tay-sach's is zero

Explanation:

Since Tim McGraw is a carrier; possessing just one copy of the recessive allele and the normal copy being dominant and his wife is neither a carrier nor a tay-sach's, there is zero percent chance of producing a child with Tay-sach's. This is because the condition is expressed when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele.

Answer:

A eukaryote is an organism with complex cells, or a single cell with a complex structures. In these cells the genetic material is organized into chromosomes in the cell nucleus. Animals, plants, algae and fungi are all eukaryotes. There are also eukaryotes amongst single-celled protists.

Answer: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not

Explanation: so if cells contain membrane-bound organelles in the organism then their classified as eukaryotes

Answer:

3. Medusa buttons. Medusa buttons.

4. Meiosis occurs. Meiosis occurs.

5. Fertilization takes place. Fertilization takes place.

6. The cells grow in Planula.

1. Form of reproductive polyps.

2. Growth in mature polyp Form of reproductive polyps.

Explanation:

The Obelia life cycle begins when two jellyfish buttons of opposite sexes undergo meiosis forming the female and male gametes. The male gamete will fertilize the female gamete, forming a zygote. The cells of the zygote will grow into a structure called Planula that will develop and form a mature popolis (a structure that looks like a stem with roots that hold it to the rocky part of the ocean), the mature propolis means that it is able to reproduce itself. if so, it will form reproductive propolis.

Question:

Give the order for the life cycle of the hydrozoan, Obelia, starting with the reproductive polyp form.

1. Reproductive polyps form.

2. Growth into mature polyp Reproductive polyps form.

3. Medusa buds.

4. Meiosis occurs.

5. Fertilization occurs.

6. Cells grow into Planula.

Answer:

The order for the lifecycle of the hydrozoan - Obelia starting from the reproductive polyp form is given below:

3. From Reproductive form of the Polyph, it sheds the Medusa buds. The medusa stage of Obelia species is common in coastal and offshore plankton around the world. The blastostyles of the Polyph are the reproductive zooids as they reproduce asexually to give rise to numerous lateral buds called medusa buds or gonophores. These buds develop into third type of zooids of the colony called medusae.

5 After medusa happens, Fertilisation occurs:   Sometimes the flagellated sperms swim about in water and fertilize the ova present in female medusae. The fertilisation takes place in water. As medusa is the motile form, it performs two important functions for the colony namely reproduction and dispersal of the gametes.  

4. After fertilisation then Meiosis starts to happen. Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm in males, eggs in females. During meiosis one cell divides twice to form four daughter cells.

6. After meiosis, cells grow into Planula.

 The embryo is set free from the egg membrane as a free-swimming larva called the planula. The larva swims about for some time and brings about wide distribution of the species.    

After the free-swimming life the planula larva loses its cilia and settles down on the bottom of the sea, gets attached to the substratum by its broader end and undergoes metamorphosis.

1. Reproductive Polyps begin to form.

2.  Growth into mature polyp Reproductive polyps form: the Obelia achieves full maturity and ready for the cycle all over again.

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Answer:

On island y the other finch cant eat the food do to the shape and hardness of his beak therefor he would not survive

Explanation:

Answer:

On island y the other finch cant eat the food do to the shape and hardness of his beak therefor he would not survive.

Explanation:

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The type of expression of each functional structural gene for the three bacterial strains is as follows:

Strain trpC trpB trpA

Wild type On On On

trpR- Off On On

trpO- On On On

Wild type: The trpR gene and trpO operator are both functional, so the trp operon is regulated by the presence of tryptophan. In the presence of high levels of tryptophan, the trp repressor will bind to the trpO operator and repress the expression of the structural tryptophan synthetase genes. In the absence of tryptophan, the trp repressor will not be able to bind to the trpO operator, and the structural tryptophan synthetase genes will be expressed.

trpR-: The trpR gene is mutated, so the trp repressor protein is not produced. This means that the trp operon is not regulated by the presence of tryptophan, and the structural tryptophan synthetase genes will always be expressed.

trpO-: The trpO operator is mutated, so the trp repressor protein cannot bind to it. This means that the trp operon is not regulated by the presence of tryptophan, and the structural tryptophan synthetase genes will always be expressed.

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The trp operon in E. coli is a repressible operon. It is regulated through a negative feedback mechanism where the accumulation of tryptophan, the end product, leads to the repression of its further production.

In Escherichia coli (E. coli), the tryptophan operon, known as the trp operon, is a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation. It encodes structural genes, including trpC, trpB, and trpA, which contribute to the tryptophan synthetase protein complex. The expression of these genes is regulated by a repressor protein encoded by the trpR gene. When levels of tryptophan are high, tryptophan molecules bind to the repressor, allowing it to recognize and attach to the operator region, called trpO, and subsequently, inhibiting the expression of the structural genes. However, in the absence of tryptophan, the repressor does not bind to the operator region, allowing for gene expression to occur.

This type of operon system is termed a repressible operon, as the regulatory gene produces a repressor that can bind to the operator and prevent transcription of the structural genes. Thus, trp operon regulation is dependent on the negative feedback mechanism, where an abundance of the end product (tryptophan) leads to the repression of further production.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Conjunctivitis can be caused by either a bacteria or a virus or even sometimes due to allergic reactions.

According to Andrelwof, viruses are classified based

i. on nature of DNA or RNA,

ii. nature of nucleocapsid ,

iii. symmetry of nucleocapsid,

iv. diameter of nucleocapsid with helical symmetry

So Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacteria, they have a nucleocapsid. They are just a single cell. But Adenovirus is a virus, that has a head and tail, contains nucleocapsid.

Chlamydia is Gram negative obligate intracellular pathogen. They can spread through direct or indirect contact through fomites, hand, contaminated towels. They affect both the eyes and symptoms include itching, irritation, discharge, swelling of eyelids, photophobia, and pain.

Laboratory diagnosis can be done by direct detection of inclusion bodies with Giemsa staining of conjunctival smears.

Adenoviruses are the most important and most frequent cause of follicular epidemic keratoconjunctivitis . The major mode of transmission is by direct inoculation by fingers. symptoms include itching, tearing, burning and foreign body sensation as well as photophobia.

the best method for diagnosis is the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Enzyme immunoassays which are a cheaper and faster option with a high sensitivity.

Answer:

A. extreme temperature changes between seasons

Answer:

A) Longitude of the city

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation: plasma membranes are the wall that surround the cell i.e the outer covering . They act as a protective covering.

Plasma members control exchange of material between the cell and environment.

Cell are kept in shape by plasma membrane, they are sites for Chemical reaction and cellular process and activities such as conductivity.

Membrane help to remove toxins out of the cell

They contain receptors and permit the flow of Ion and other molecules between cells.

They separate metabolism activities that are not compatible in body organelles.

Answer:

Explanation:

1) homologous features:

these are the features or structures that have a similar structure in several different organisms but function in a unique way in all of them. these structures indicate anatomical similarities as well as the same ancestry of different organisms. for example, the forelimb of birds, humans, dogs, and whales, perform different functions in all these organisms. but when we analyze the layout of bones or layout of the arrangement, we find that it is very similar across all of them. this indicates that, the ancestor of all these organisms was, but with the passage of time when organism dispersed, and environmental conditions changed, it was evolved into different organisms as per favorable conditions.

2) molecular biology:

as we know that all living organisms are a compilation of billions and trillions of unique biological molecules, that group in a unique fashion to constitute the whole organism. interestingly, some biological molecules and the process of their formation can provide sound evidences of evolution. for example, DNA, a sequence of nucleotides in DNA, amino acids, the process of transcription, translation, etc.

the study of evolution through molecular uniformity has led to the foundation of a novel branch of evolution called phylogenetics. the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is used to find the best possible ancestor of any organism. for example, phylogenetic analysis has found that the origin of eukaryotes is from prokaryotes over the period of time.

3) fossil records:

fossils are the preserved remains of previously living organisms or their traces, dating from the distant past. this doesn't mean that fossils represent the complete skeleton of an organism because many organisms don't even fossilize and those who fossilize don't have complete remains. nonetheless, the fossils that humans have collected offer unique insights into evolution over long timescales. for example, the study of horse fossils has enabled the scientists to reconstruct a large, branching "family tree" for horses and their now-extinct relatives.

Answer:

Number of species and their relative abundances in the community over multiple years

Explanation:

Community stability measures the rate of increase or decrease of species in an environment over a period of time.

When studies are made and the species are in a low quantity then we refer to such species as being unstable and potentially becoming extinct whereas if there is a rise or uniform amount of species then stability is attained.

The resulting polypeptide will contains Glycine, arginine ,lysine , and glutamic acid. The probabilities to form a glutamic acid in the coding sequence is 2/9 for each codon.

Genetic code:

It is a three letter code of base pairs in the nucleic acid that code for an specific amino acid.

Here, mRNA is made up of only A and G. Nine code are possible in a mRNA sequence that contains only A and G.

Therefore, the resulting polypeptide will contains Glycine, arginine ,lysine , and glutamic acid. The probabilities to form a glutamic acid in the coding sequence is 2/9 for each codon.

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Final answer:

In the resulting polypeptides from the random-sequence synthetic RNA molecules, we can expect to find a variety of amino acids. The number of different amino acids will depend on the specific codons present in the RNA. The frequency of Glutamic acid (Glu) will be higher due to the higher frequency of the codon GAA.

Explanation:

In this case, we have made random-sequence synthetic RNA molecules that contain only A and G, with 5 times as much A as G. In terms of translating these RNAs into polypeptides, we can expect to find a variety of amino acids in the resulting polypeptides. However, the frequency of each amino acid will depend on the specific codons that are present in the RNA.

Since there are 61 codons that specify the addition of an amino acid to the polypeptide chain and 3 codons that specify termination, we can expect to find a maximum of 61 different amino acids in the resulting polypeptides. However, it is important to note that some of these codons may code for the same amino acid, so the actual number of different amino acids may be lower.

As for the frequency of Glutamic acid (Glu) in the resulting polypeptides, it will depend on the specific codons present in the RNA. Glutamic acid is encoded by the codons GAA and GAG. Since we have made random-sequence RNA molecules with 5 times as much A as G, we can expect a higher frequency of the codon GAA, and thus a higher frequency of Glutamic acid in the resulting polypeptides.

Answer:

Option C.

tRNA charging, in which the tRNAs bind to amino acids initiation, in which the components necessary for translation are assembled at the ribosome.

Explanation:

During the transcription phase of protein synthesis, before an amino acid can even  be incorporated into a growing polypeptide, it must first be attached to a molecule called the transfer RNA (tRNA). This process is known as tRNA charging.

After this, the charged RNA can now carry the activated amino acid to the ribosome, where the protein synthesis can now take place.

The tRNA charging process is the first stage in protein synthesis

Answer:

b. setting the reading frame, where the initiation codon is recognized by RNA polymerase.

Explanation:

The first step in protein synthesis is called transcription. Transcription is the process wherein DNA is used to create messenger RNA, or mRNA. The mRNA is produced using DNA's code, which is contained within the cell's nucleus. The steps include:

RNA polymerase, together with one or more general transcription factors, binds to promoter DNA. RNA polymerase creates a transcription bubble, which separates the two strands of the DNA helix. This is done by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA nucleotides.

RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides (which are complementary to the nucleotides of one DNA strand).

RNA sugar-phosphate backbone forms with assistance from RNA polymerase to form an RNA strand.

Hydrogen bonds of the RNA–DNA helix break, freeing the newly synthesized RNA strand. The RNA may remain in the nucleus or exit to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex.

The anatomy of mollusks can be stated by the presence of gills, which have gradual for grinding food and tissues beneath the shells are called a mantel.

A mollusk is an invertebrate organism and there exist about 85,000 extant species and a number of fossils range from 60,000 to 100,000. They represent the largest marine phylum and consist of 235 of the species.

The mollusks are the organism that has a soft body and the outer body has an exoskeleton that is hard.

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While most statements about the anatomy of a mollusk are correct, the assertion that all mollusks' digestive systems include a gizzard is less accurate. Mollusks typically feature gills for respiration, a radula for grinding food, and a mantle beneath the shell, but a gizzard is not universal among them. Hence, the correct options are a, b and d.

The anatomy of a mollusk is quite complex and diverse across the different species within the phylum. However, looking at the common characteristics shared among most mollusks, we can address the statements provided:

Answer:

The correct answer is "Turn Left Towards the Coast; Turn Right and Head Out to Sea".

Explanation:

During the Hurricane Sandy disaster of 2012, the European model was famous for predicting that Hurricane Sandy would turn left towards the coast, which was what happened on October 29. This was a disaster for the United States because the hurricane hit the East Coast. The American model had an opposite prediction, it predicted that the Hurricane Sandy would turn right and head out to sea.

The correct answer is "Turn Left Towards the Coast; Turn Right and Head Out to Sea".

The following information should be considered:

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Answer:

A- It is because said molecule presents binding to different receptors and in the case of glia cells it does not present an answer because they do not have a specific receptor for said molecule.

b-in the case of muscle, this molecule could bind to calcium channels or to the REL itself, generating the opening of said channels or the release of calcium found in REL. In this way, by increasing the intracellular concentration of calcium, it activates the actin head, causing the topoisomerase to move and promoting binding with myosin. Once the activated actin will perform a "rowing" movement to generate the drag of the myosin and the union of the Z lines.

c-In the process of neuronal apoptosis, the cell itself generates biochemical signals (either by positive induction in which the receptors and receptors of the membrane bind to certain substances, or by negative or mitochondrial induction in which the ability to suppress certain substances is lost. substances that would generate the activity of apoptotic enzymes) that cause them to condense and alter the cytoplasm, the cell membrane, the cell nucleus to collapse and DNA to fragment. Finally, the microglial cells end up phagocytizing and eliminating the remains of the dead neurons, so that they do not generate interference for the normative functioning of the brain.

d- This molecule could fulfill a path similar or similar to that of growth factors, that is how they are associated with heparan sulfate of the extracellular matrix, which serves as a warehouse for inactive factors. FCFs contribute to different types of responses, such as wound healing, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, or embryonic development

Explanation:

Regarding the explanation, it is important to keep in mind that this molecule can play a role both in the nervous system and in other organs, that is why in case it is sought that it does not have this apoptotic effect on neurons, some coarse, macro compound that allows the blood-brain barrier to not allow passage.

Answer:

process of using carbohydrates and oxygen for energy

Answer:

The process of using carbohydrates and oxygen for energy

Explanation:

Respiration is the process in which cells in organisms make use of oxygen and glucose to produce energy. Respiration is a biochemical process whose reactant is oxygen and glucose and the output is ATP(ENERGY), carbondioxide and water.

6O2+C6H1206----6CO2+6H20+ATP

We have types of cellular respiration Aerobic respiration and anearobic respiration.

Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen while anaerobic takes place in the absent of oxygen. Product of anerobic is ethanol,Atp and CO2.

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer:

population expansion decreases as resources become scarce, leveling off when the carrying capacity of the environment is reached, resulting in an S-shaped curve.

Explanation:

Answer:

The options include

hypothalamus

negative feedback inhibition

menstruations flow

degenerates

Progastrin

LH

nutritive and receptive

corpus luteum

implantation

Explanation:

1)LH (Luteinizing Hormone )

2)CORPUS LUTEUM

3)PROGASTRIN

4)NUTRITIVE AND RECEPTIVE 5)IMPLANTATION

6)DEGENERATES

7) MENSTRUATION FLOW

8)NEGATIVE FEEDBACK INHIBITION

9) HYPOTHALAMUS

Answer:

D) observation that certain tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes are involved in a sequential manner in the development of colon cancer

Explanation:

Cancer is defined as the abnormal growth of cells of the body. These cells multiply/replicate without control thereby forming a lump or tumor.

Cancer growth has 5 stages and they go though different multi level steps.Different finding backs this up and it includes observation about certain tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes being involved in a sequential manner in the development of colon cancer.

Answer:

option d: observation that certain tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes are involved in a sequential manner in the development of colon cancer

Explanation:

Cancer is known to be a form of  genetic disease/ailment that occurs as a result of mutation (one to many). the mutations embedded in the cell undergoes several cellular multiplication which therefor lead to the large growth of the size of tumor, malignant and  disorganization.

The development of cancer undergoes a multi-step process. due to the fact that the cells of the human/ animal is abnormal in in it cancerous growth, they gain new potentials and capabilities. The cells undergoes division thereby affecting the closeby normal cells . some cancers do have similar characteristics while other cancers most times has different steps,  

The replication fork is the structure formed during the DNA replication. The fork is created by the enzymes, which break the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous base pairs.

DNA replication is a vital process in which genetic information is copied from the template strand to the complementary strand.

The mechanism of DNA replication follows the central dogma, such that it involves transcription then translation.

Find the image of the replication fork in the below attachment.

The steps are:

Therefore, the replication fork runs parallelly, but in opposite direction.

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Did you mean 200,000?

Explanation:

Humans have domimated the planet for the last 200,000 years.

Answer: 1 million

Explanation: 200,000 is wrong!!