If the calcium oxide were to be obtained by the heating of calcium hydroxide, how much hydroxide would be needed to obtain the 15.0 g?

Answer is: activation energy of this reaction is 212,01975 kJ/mol.
Arrhenius equation: ln(k₁/k₂) = Ea/R (1/T₂ - 1/T₁).
k₁ = 0,000643 1/s.
k₂ = 0,00828 1/s.

T₁ = 622 K.

T₂ = 666 K.

R = 8,3145 J/Kmol.

1/T₁ = 1/622 K = 0,0016 1/K.
1/T₂ = 1/666 K = 0,0015 1/K.
ln(0,000643/0,00828) = Ea/8,3145 J/Kmol · (-0,0001 1/K).
-2,55 = Ea/8,3145 J/Kmol · (-0,0001 1/K).
Ea = 212019,75 J/mol = 212,01975 kJ/mol.

Final answer:

To find the activation energy for 1-bromopropane's decomposition, use the Arrhenius equation with given rate constants and temperatures, resulting in a calculated activation energy.

Explanation:

To calculate the activation energy for the gas-phase decomposition of 1-bromopropane, we can use the Arrhenius equation which relates the rate constant (k) of a reaction to the temperature (T) and activation energy (Ea). The equation in its logarithmic form is:

ln(k2/k1) = (Ea/R) * (1/T1 - 1/T2)

Where:

k1 = 6.43×10-4 /s and k2 = 8.28×10-3 /s are the rate constants at temperatures T1 and T2, respectively

Using the Arrhenius equation:

ln(8.28×10-3 / 6.43×10-4) = (Ea/8.314) * (1/622 - 1/666)

After calculating:

Ea = ((ln(8.28×10-3 / 6.43×10-4)) * 8.314) / (1/622 - 1/666)

This gives the activation energy for the gas-phase decomposition of 1-bromopropane.

1. Elements of the periodic system are divided into three groups of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Metals in the periodic table are separated of nonmetals by metalloids. Metals are located on the left side and the nonmetals on the right side of the periodic table. On a periodic table often is showed a stair-step line from boron to polonium which represents metan-nonmetal border. The only exception is hydrogen that is nonmetal although it is situated on the left side.

2.  The most numerous elements in the periodic system are metals. At the moment, there are a total of 94 metals. There are 38 transition metals, 15 lanthanides, 15 actinides, 6 alkali metals, 6 alkaline earth metals, and 14 post-transition Metals. As regarding nonmetals, their number in the periodic table is 17 and there are 7 metalloids.

3. Metal: I would choose a copper wire, made as the name suggests from a copper that has the ability to perfectly conduct electricity.

Metalloid: I would choose a smartphone that contains computer chips made from silicon that has the property of a semiconductor.

Nonmetal: I would choose a camera flash that contains xenon, a  gas which produces a white flash light when it is electrically excited.

4. Boron is a metalloid with the chemical symbol B and a serial number 5. In the periodical system, it is located in the 13th group and 2nd period.

Silicon is a metalloid with the chemical symbol Si and a serial number 14. In the periodical system, it is located in the 14th group and 3rd period.

Antimony is a metalloid with the chemical symbol Sb and serial number 51. In the periodical system, it is located in the 15th group and 5th period.

To determine the molar mass, you need to get the atomic mass of the molecule. To do this, check the periodic table for the atomic mass or average atomic weight of each element.

Mg = 24.305 x 1 = 24.305 amu

O = 15.9994 x 2 =31.9988 amu

H = 1.0079 x 2 = 2.0158 amu

Then, add all the components to get the atomic mass of the molecule.

24.305 amu + 31.9988 amu + 2.0158 amu = 58.3196 amu

The atomic mass is just equivalent to its molar mass.

So, the molar mass of Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is 58.3196 g/mol.

The percent composition of calcium metasilicate (CaSiO₃) is approximately 34.49% calcium, 24.17% silicon, and 41.33% oxygen.

To calculate the percent composition of a compound, you need to determine the molar mass of each element in the compound and then divide by the total molar mass of the compound. Here’s the step-by-step breakdown:

Calculate the molar masses:

Determine the molar mass of CaSiO₃:

The total molar mass of CaSiO₃ is 40.08 + 28.09 + 48.00 = 116.17 g/mol.

Calculate the percent composition:

So, the percent composition of CaSiO₃ is approximately 34.49% calcium, 24.17% silicon, and 41.33% oxygen.

Final answer:

To find the molecular formula of a compound with an empirical formula of C5H7N and a molar mass of 208.17 g/mol, divide the molar mass by the molar mass of the empirical formula and multiply the empirical formula by the resulting whole number to obtain the molecular formula, which is C15H21N3.

Explanation:

The student's question pertains to finding the molecular formula of a compound given its empirical formula and molar mass. The empirical formula is C5H7N, which has a molar mass of 81.13 g/mol. To find the molecular formula, we divide the given molar mass of the compound, 208.17 g/mol, by the empirical formula mass of 81.13 g/mol to find the multiple (n). This multiple, which should be a whole number, will be used to scale the empirical formula up to the molecular formula.

Performing this calculation, we find that n = 208.17 / 81.13, which simplifies to approximately 2.57. Since n must be a whole number, and this value is close to 2.5, we can deduce that the empirical formula needs to be multiplied by 3 to obtain the molecular formula. Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is C15H21N3.

I2, or iodine, is a diatomic molecule held together by a single covalent bond. In this bond, two electrons are shared. Therefore, the answer is 2.

The molecule of I2, or iodine, is a diatomic molecule; that is, a molecule consisting of two iodine atoms. This molecule is held together by a single covalent bond. Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons. In a single covalent bond, two electrons are shared - one from each atom involved. Therefore, in an I2 molecule, the number of electrons shared between the atoms is 2.

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The average rate of reaction is calculated by dividing the change in concentration of a reactant or product by the time interval. For CuCl₂ decreasing from 1.000 M to 0.655 M in 30.0 s, the average rate of reaction is 0.0115 M/s.

The average rate of reaction over a given time interval can be determined by calculating the change in concentration of a reactant or product and dividing by the time interval over which the change occurred. In the scenario provided, the concentration of CuCl₂ decreases from 1.000 M to 0.655 M over a period of 30.0 seconds. To calculate the average rate of reaction, we follow these steps:

The negative sign in rate typically indicates the consumption of a reactant. However, when discussing rates of reaction, it is common to report them as positive values, so the average rate of reaction from this calculation would be 0.0115 M/s.

Here we go!

Explanation:

The complete ionic equation for the reaction of K2C2O4(aq) with Pb(OH)2(aq) includes all ions present. The net ionic equation simplifies to Pb2+(aq) + C2O42-(aq) → PbC2O4(s).

When solutions of potassium oxalate (K2C2O4) and lead(II) hydroxide (Pb(OH)2) are mixed, a double displacement reaction occurs, forming potassium hydroxide (KOH) and lead(II) oxalate (PbC2O4), where lead(II) oxalate is an insoluble precipitate.

The complete ionic equation for the reaction is:

2 K+ (aq) + C2O42- (aq) + Pb2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) → 2 K+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) + PbC2O4 (s)

By cancelling out the spectator ions, we can write the net ionic equation:

Pb2+ (aq) + C2O42- (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) → PbC2O4 (s) + 2 OH- (aq)

However, we can cancel out the common ions further to simplify:

Pb2+ (aq) + C2O42- (aq) → PbC2O4 (s)

The compound formed from sodium and iodine, based on their positions on the periodic table, is Sodium Iodide (NaI). Sodium and Iodine combine in a 1:1 ratio, as Sodium is a metal with a +1 charge and Iodine is a non-metal with a -1 charge.

The compound formed between sodium and iodine based on their positions in the periodic table is Sodium Iodide. In the periodic table, sodium is a metal (from Group 1: alkali metals) and iodine is a non-metal (from Group 17: halogens). When a metal and a non-metal combine, they typically form ionic compounds. Sodium, with a charge of +1, and iodine, with a charge of -1, combine in a 1:1 ratio to form Sodium Iodide, which has the chemical formula NaI.

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The chemical reaction of NaCl with H₂O, leading to the formation of NaOH, H₂, and Cl₂, can be expressed as a balanced molecular equation, a complete ionic equation, and a simplified net ionic equation, where Na⁻ and Cl⁻ act as spectator ions.

The initial equation provided, NaCl(aq) + H₂O(1) → NaOH(aq) + H₂(g) + Cl₂ (g), is an example of a chemical reaction involving the decomposition of sodium chloride (NaCl) in the presence of water to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrogen gas (H₂), and chlorine gas (Cl₂).

The balanced molecular equation for this reaction is:

2NaCl(aq) + 2H₂O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g) + Cl₂ (g)

The complete ionic equation would be:

2Na+ (aq) + 2Cl + (aq) + 2H₂O(l) → 2Na+ (aq) + 2OH - (aq) + H₂(g) + Cl₂ (g)

And the net ionic equation simplifies to:

2H₂O(l) → H₂(g) + Cl₂ (g), since Na⁺ and Cl ⁻ are spectator ions and do not participate in the reaction.

Answer: The correct answer is option (a).

Explanation:

Dependent variables are the variables whose value depend on another variable. Its value changes as the independent variable changes.

Independent variables are the variables which do not depend on any other variable beside . Its value does not change with a change in other dependent  variables.

While conducting experiment scientist changes dependent variable in order to record observations.

The pressure of the enclosed gas is likely equivalent to the given atmospheric pressure, so in this scenario, it would be 0.975 atm.

The pressure of the enclosed gas in this scenario would be equivalent to the given atmospheric pressure, in this case being 0.975 atm. Atmospheric pressure is defined by the sum of all the partial pressures of the atmospheric gases added together. In a closed system, typically if no other factors are impacting the system, the pressure of a gas would be equal to the atmospheric pressure. More precise measurement might require the consideration of factors like temperature and volume as per the ideal gas law, but with the information provided, the pressure of the enclosed gas can be assumed to be the same as the atmospheric pressure which is 0.975 atm in this case.

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The pressure of an enclosed gas can differ from atmospheric pressure based on factors like volume, temperature and amount of gas. In the absence of these variables, we assume equality with atmospheric pressure. For the given atmospheric pressure of 0.975 atm, the assumed pressure of the enclosed gas is also 0.975 atm.

The question refers to understanding the pressure of an enclosed gas when the atmospheric pressure is 0.975 atm. The pressure of a gas enclosed within a closed system might not necessarily be the same as the atmospheric pressure, as it depends on several factors such as the volume of the gas, the temperature, and the number of gas molecules present.

Without additional information, we must assume that the pressure inside is equal to the atmospheric pressure according to the principles of equilibrium. So, if the atmospheric pressure is 0.975 atm, then the pressure of the enclosed gas should be assumed to be also 0.975 atm, unless stated otherwise. This is the same principle as the pressure inside and outside of a properly inflated tyre, or the pressure inside an unopened soda can and the atmospheric pressure.

If this is a manometer style problem where there is an additional pressure from a column of fluid (like mercury), we would need the height of the column to calculate the additional pressure exerted by the gas. For most homework problems, the system is at equilibrium and the pressure inside the container is the same as outside.

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The pH of the 0.005 M K₂O solution is 12. This is calculate using K₂O dissociation in water and then dealing with concentrations.

To calculate the pH of a 0.005 M solution of potassium oxide (K₂O), first, we need to understand how K₂O dissociates in water. Potassium oxide reacts with water to form potassium hydroxide (KOH), which completely dissociates in water:

K₂O + H₂O → 2 KOH

Given the 0.005 M concentration of K₂O, it will produce an equivalent concentration of 0.01 M KOH because one K₂O produces two KOH molecules.

Next, KOH fully dissociates into K⁺ and OH⁻ ions:

KOH → K⁺ + OH⁻

This means the concentration of OH⁻ is also 0.01 M. To find the pOH of the solution, use the following formula:

pOH = -log[OH⁻]

So,

pOH = -log(0.01) = 2

Now, we can calculate the pH using the formula:

pH = 14 - pOH

So,

pH = 14 - 2 = 12

Therefore, the pH of the 0.005 M K₂O solution is 12.

The concentration of X2 in a 0.150 M solution of the diprotic acid H2X is calculated by using equilibrium constants Ka1 and Ka2, which are specific to each step in the ionization process. This involves solving for the concentration of HX- first, and then X2-. The assumption that the change in concentration (x) is negligible compared to initial concentrations is valid if x is less than 5%.

The concentration of X2 in a 0.150 M solution of the diprotic acid H2X can be calculated using the given equilibrium constants Ka1 and Ka2. It is important to remember that diprotic acids undergo ionization in two steps and each step has its own equilibrium constant.

Ka1 = 4.5×10-6 is the equilibrium constant for the first dissociation and Ka2 = 1.2×10-11 is for the second.

In the first step, H2X dissociates into HX- and H+. From the value of Ka1 and the initial concentration of H2X, one can solve for the concentration of HX-. The next step is the dissociation of HX- into X2- and H+. Similarly, by using Ka2 and the concentration of HX-, the concentration of X2- can be calculated. The calculation usually assumes that x is small compared to initial concentrations and this assumption is valid if the concentration of x is less than 5% of initial concentrations.

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na+ cl- and f+ is the answer

The orbital which is the largest in size is 4s.

Hence option (B) is correct.

The shape of s-orbital is spherical around the nucleus of the atom. S-orbital have the probability to find the electrons at a given distance which is equal in all the directions.

Now lets check all options one by one

Option (A): 2s is a larger sphere than 1s but not 4s.

So, option A is incorrect.

Option (B): Here 1s is a small sphere, 2s is a larger sphere, 3s is more larger than 2s and 1s and 4s is the largest orbital from all of these.

So, option B is correct.  

Option (C): 1s is smallest sphere from all of these.

So option C is incorrect.

Option (D): 3s is also smaller than 4s orbital.

So option D is incorrect.

Option (E): All the s-orbital have the same shape which is spherical not same size.

So option E is incorrect.  

Thus, from above conclusion we can say that the orbitals which is largest in size is 4s.

The correct answer is option (B).

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The percent of lead in Pb(CO3)2 is calculated by dividing the molar mass of the lead by the molar mass of the entire compound and then multiplying by 100, resulting in 63.31% lead content.

To calculate the percent of lead in Pb(CO3)2, first, we need to determine the molar mass of the compound. The molar mass of lead (Pb) is 207.2 u, and the molar mass of carbonate (CO3) is 60.01 u (with 3 oxygens at 16.0 u each plus one carbon at 12.01 u).

The molar mass of the lead carbonate compound is:

Adding these together, the molar mass of Pb(CO3)2 is 207.2 u + 120.02 u = 327.22 u.

To find the percent of lead in the compound, divide the molar mass of lead by the total molar mass of the compound and multiply by 100:

Percent of lead = (207.2 u / 327.22 u) x 100 = 63.31%

Therefore, the percent of lead in lead carbonate is 63.31%.