Answer: Data-link layer
Explanation:Data link layer is the second layer of the OSI(Open system interconnection) that functions by managing the movement of the data/information into physical link. This layer encapsulates both header and trailer.
Header is the part of data link layer that has the purpose of having control data and its activities which are added at the start of PDU(protocol data unit) like addressing .Trailer is the part that serves as containing the information of control which gets attached at the bottom part of the PDU
The break statement is required in the default case of a switch selection to the exit structure properly. True/False
Answer: True
Explanation: Break statements are the statements is for the termination of the loop .It is considered as the statements that control the loop. For the default case ,default method is used in the switch selection statements.
The Switch selection statement,due to the working of the break statement will exit or terminate. Thus, the statement given in the question is correct.
Suppose we have a String object called myString. Write a single line of Java code
that will output myString in such a way that all of its characters are uppercase.
Answer:
myString=myString.toUpperCase();
Explanation:
In java to change all characters of a string to upper case we use .toUpperCase() method.It will convert string to upper case.
Implementation in java.
import java.util.*;
class Solution
{
public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
{
try{
Scanner scr=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string:");
String myString=scr.nextLine();
myString=myString.toUpperCase();
System.out.println("string in upper case : "+myString);
}catch(Exception ex){
return;}
}
}
Output:
Enter a string:hello
string in upper case : HELLO
Final answer:
To output myString in uppercase, use the code: System.out.println(myString.toUpperCase()); which utilizes Java's .toUpperCase() method.
Explanation:
To convert a String object called myString to uppercase using Java, you would use the .toUpperCase() method. The following line of code will accomplish that and output the uppercase version of myString:
System.out.println(myString.toUpperCase());
This line will print the contents of myString to the console, with all characters in uppercase, fulfilling the task requirements.
The `toUpperCase()` method in Java converts all characters in a string to uppercase. By calling this method on `myString` and then printing the result, the program outputs the uppercase version of `myString`.
Please list the computer data hierarchy from bit to database
Answer:
Data hierarchy is basically define to the data which is organized in the systematic manner. The main concept of the data hierarchy is to check the basic structure of the data. It basically involve the fields records and files for the data organization.
The following is the list of the computer data hierarchy from nit to address are:
1) Bit: It is the smallest unit of the data.
2) Field: The collection of all the characters in the data is known as field.
3) Record: The collection of the different fields is known as records.
4) File: The collection of various types of records in the database is known as file.
When a column is added to a table, it is the _____ column in the table. (Points : 2) first
last
second
third
Answer:
last
Explanation:
When a column is added to a table, it gets appended at the end of the table. For example, suppose we have a table called Student with a column 'Name'. Now suppose we want to add another column called class to the table, then the new column will be added at the end of the table. So the new table structure will consist of <Name,Class>.The same procedure will apply for any other added column.
Answer:
The correct answer for the given question is "last ".
Explanation:
When we add a column into the table so the column will add in the last of the table .We can use alter command in SQL to added the column in the table.
The syntax for adding new column into the table is given below .
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype;
For example
Suppose we have to add the address column into the student table.
ALTER TABLE student
ADD address varchar (50);
This query will add the column in last of the table .
How many bits are necessary for a binary representation (unsigned) of:
a. The states of the U.S.A.?
b. The days in a year?
c. The inhabitants of California (est. 36,457,549)?
Answer:
Hi!
The answer to:
a. 6 bits.
b. 9 bits.
c. 26 bits.
Explanation:
a. For the states of the U.S.A, you need 50 or more combinations to represents each element.
If you use 6 bits, the possible combinations are 2⁶ = 64.
b. For days in a year, you need 365 or more combinations to represents each element.
If you use 9 bits, the possible combinations are 2⁹ = 512.
c. For inhabitants of California, you need 36,457,549 or more combinations to represents each element.
If you use 26 bits, the possible combinations are 2²⁶ = 67,108,864. If you use 25 bits instead of 26, then you have 2²⁵ = 33,554,432 combinations. These possible combinations are not enough to represent each inhabitant.
What error can you identify? (Points : 4)
A double quotation mark was incorrectly inserted.
You cannot compare apples to oranges.
Assumes indentation has a logical purpose
No error
Answer:
Assumes indentation has a logical purpose
Explanation:
No period
(Find the number of days in a month) Write a program that prompts the user to enter the month and year and displays the number of days in the month. For example, if the user entered month 2 and year 2000, the program should display that February 2000 has 29 days. If the user entered month 3 and year 2005, the program should display that March 2005 has 31 days
Answer:
// here is code in java.
import java.util.*;
// class definition
public class Main
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
// scanner object to read input from user
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
// array of months
String mon[] ={
null , "January" , "February" , "March" , "April", "May",
"June", "July", "August", "September", "October",
"November", "December"};
// array which store number of days corresponding to months
int days[]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
// ask user to enter month
System.out.print("enter the month:");
// read month
int m=s.nextInt();
// ask user to enter year
System.out.print("enter the year:");
// read year
int year=s.nextInt();
// check the leap year
if(m==2 &&(((year % 4 == 0) && (year % 100!= 0)) || (year%400 == 0)))
{
System.out.println(mon[m]+" "+year+" has 29 days.");
}
else
System.out.println(mon[m]+" "+year+" has "+days[m]+" days");
}
}
Explanation:
Declare and initial month array and days array.Then read the month and year From user with the scanner object.Check if entered year is a leap year or not.Then based on the year and month print the number of days .
Output:
enter the month:2
enter the year:2000
February 2000 has 29 days.
enter the month:3
enter the year:2005
March 2005 has 31 days.
Final answer:
To determine the number of days in a month, one must consider the regular pattern where most months have 30 or 31 days and February has 28 or 29 days depending on whether it is a leap year. A program can be written to take a user's input for month and year and then calculate and display the correct number of days using validation for leap years and the known month lengths.
Explanation:
To create a program that displays the number of days in a month based on user input of the month and year, one must consider the irregularities of the Gregorian calendar. The program should take into account that most months have at least 30 days, except February, which has 28 days in a common year and 29 days in a leap year. A leap year occurs every four years, except in cases where the year is divisible by 100 but not by 400. Thus, years like 2000 and 2400 are leap years, but 1900 and 2100 are not.
A mnemonic that can help remember the number of days in each month is: 'Thirty days hath September, April, June, and November. All the rest have thirty-one, save the second one alone, which has four and twenty-four, till leap year gives it one day more.' Additionally, the 'knuckle mnemonic' can be used, where protruding knuckles represent months with 31 days and the spaces in between represent shorter months.
Example Program in Python:
month = int(input('Enter month (1-12): '))
year = int(input('Enter year: '))
if month in (4, 6, 9, 11):
days = 30
elif month == 2:
if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):
days = 29
else:
days = 28
else:
days = 31
print('Number of days: ', days)
This basic Python program prompts the user for the month and year and then prints out the correct number of days in that month, considering whether it is a leap year for February.
What is nominal data?
Answer:
Nominal data is the used as the scale for providing a label or topic to the variable and not providing any quantity for the measurement. It provides the data in form of symbols,character,letter etc. which is known as the qualitative measure.
They are usually collected and clustered to make the measurement according to the categories. Nominal data is known as the nominal scale.It does not act as the normal data.
Write a Function procedure that determines whether a given Integer is divisible by 5 or not. The function should accept one argument having a data type of Integer and return True if that Integer is divisible by 5, False otherwise.
Answer:
bool isdivisor(int x) // function definition
{
if(x%5==0) // check Integer is divisible by 5
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
Explanation:
#include <iostream>// header file
using namespace std; // using namespace std;
bool isdivisor(int num); // prototype
int main() // main function
{
bool t; // bool variable
int num; // variable declarartion
cout<<" enter the num:";
cin>>num; // input number
t=isdivisor(num); // calling
if(t)
cout<<" number is divisible by 5 ";
else
cout<<" number is not divisible by 5";
return 0;
}
bool isdivisor(int x) // function definition
{
if(x%5==0)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
Output:
enter the num:50
number is divisible by 5
Explanation:
In this program we have a declared a Boolean function i.e isdivisor that accept one argument of type int.
check if(x%5==0) it return true otherwise false .
The IP address is a _____ bit number.
Answer: 32 bit number
Explanation:
The IP address basically contain 32 bit number as due to the growth of the various internet application and depletion of the IPV4 address. The IP address basically provide two main function is that:
The location addressing The network interface identificationThe IP address are basically available in the human readable format. The IPV6 is the new version of the IP address and its uses 128 bits.
Write one line of code to print animals, an array of Animal objects.
Answer:
console.log(Animal);
Explanation:
The statement written above prints the array Animal which contains objects.There are two to three ways to print the array Animal in javascript. One of the method is written in the answer it prints the arrays in the console of the browser.
You can go to the console by pressing F12 and then clicking on the console.
Other methods to print are
Simple write Animal after defining the array.Use alert.document.write()Enter the name of your school or work URL and generate report.What score did it receive?
Answer:
Harold Washington College. 21.1
Using a word processor of your choice, write the pseudocode for an application that allows a user to enter the price of an item and computes 10 percent sales tax on the item and prints out for the user the original price and the tax and the total. Remember to declare the class and the main method.
Answer:
// here is pseudo-code and implementation in java.
import java.util.*;
// class definition
class Solution
{
// main method of the class
public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
{
try{
// scanner object to read innput
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
// variables
double item_cost;
System.out.print("Please enter cost of item:");
//read the cost of item
item_cost=s.nextDouble();
// calculate 10% tax on the item
double tax=item_cost*0.1;
// print original cost
System.out.println("original cost of item is: "+item_cost);
// print tax on the item
System.out.println("tax on the item is: "+tax);
// print total cost of item
System.out.println("total cost of item is:"+(item_cost+tax));
}catch(Exception ex){
return;}
}
}
Explanation:
Read the original cost of item from user and assign it to variable "item_cost". Calculate 10% tax on the cost of item and assign it to variable "tax".Print the original cost and tax on item.Then add the cost and tax, this will be the total cost of item and print it.
Output:
Please enter cost of item:125
original cost of item is: 125.0
tax on the item is: 12.5
total cost of item is:137.5
Answer:
#Python
class PriceTax:
def __init__(self): #Main method
self.itemPrice = int(input("Price of your item: "))
self.tax = 0.1
self.total = round(self.tax*self.itemPrice,2)
print("\nOriginal price: ", self.itemPrice)
print("Tax: %d%%" % (self.tax*100))
print("Total: ", self.total)
price = PriceTax()
Explanation:
We define a class called PriceTax with a main method __init__, we asked for the user input and store the int value in an attribute called itemPrice, we define the tax attribute and we calculate the total by multiplying the predefined tax and the item price entered by the user. Finally, we print the original price, the tax, and the total. Note that for this to work we instantiate the class 'PriceTax' first under the variable price.
Explain the relationship between the binary numbering system and the function provided by the transistor.
Answer:
The relation is the Voltage levels.
Explanation:
Basically the relation is related with voltages levels, that is, the computer has the main component called mother-board this component is the "brain" of the computing systems made of something called microprocessors, intel has core i7,i9 dual core, etc. The mother-board manage the information and save information in the memories, usually Random Access Memory (RAM) and hard disk, this information is understood by the computer as ones (1) and zeros(0), that means, that the computer process logic levels or binary numbers.
Since the beginning of computer developments was in this way because facilitates the process of computing, and the transistor was an excellent candidate for doing this because the device is scalable, and consumed less power than vacuum tubes that was used in 70's, more or less. There are configurations of transistor that allow use a binary numeric system, such as NOT,OR and AND gates, these are the base of all computers, the computers are made of millions of this gates made with transistors, for example, the attached picture has a NOT gate, suppose that is wired to VDD volts and is refereed to ground GND or zero ( 0 )volts, if a voltage level close to GND is aplied in the input the output is VDD, and if a voltage close to VDD is applied to the input the output will be GND.
In other words the logic levels are read by the computer as ones and zeros but these are voltage levels that could be measured with voltmeters or specialized equipment and are produced by transistors configurations as presented in this answer.
LOGIC LEVELS WHERE THE VOLTAGE VDD IS 1 AND GND IS 0
INPUT:
1 ______ 1 ______
0___| |_________0____| |_____
OUTPUT
1 ___ _______________ _____
0 |______| |______|
Typically, the first item in defining a function is _____. (Points : 4)
an open curly brace "{"
passing an argument
passing the function
naming the function
Answer: Naming the function
Explanation:
The first item for defining the function is the naming of the function. In the function, the first line is known as header and rest of the function is known as body of the function.
The function name is the first step while defining the proper function as we can define the actual function name on which the program are rest based.
We can define a function from which the each value from the set of the components are basically associated with the second component in that particular function.
____________ is a hardware or software tool for recording keystrokes on a target system.
Keyboard
KeyScanner
Keylogger
RootKit
Answer: Key-logger
Explanation: Key-logger is the device that is used in the capturing the keystrokes of the user and then recording it .They can be in the form of software or hardware.The recording made by key logger consist the data typed through the keyboard like email, messages, passwords .
Other options are incorrect because keyboard is the hardware device used for inputting data in the system, key-scanner is the input reading device in the form of library and rootkit is malicious collection of software to disturb the function of the computer system.Thus the correct option is key-logger.
A keylogger, which can be software or hardware, records keystrokes on a computer to capture sensitive information like passwords. Rootkits, in contrast, provide backdoor access to systems.
The correct answer to the question is Keylogger. A keylogger is a tool that can be either hardware or software, designed for the purpose of capturing keystrokes on a computer system. Once activated, it records every key pressed and sends this information to an attacker or stores it for retrieval. In contrast, a rootkit is a type of malware that provides unauthorized users with administrative access to a computer system, often without being detected.
Keyloggers are considered a form of spyware because they covertly monitor and record users' keystrokes, which can include sensitive information like passwords and personal data. The information captured by keyloggers can be used for malicious purposes, such as identity theft or unauthorized access to secured systems.
Which of the following class represent an abstract class? (Points : 2) class Automobile {
void drive();
}
class Automobile {
void drive ()=0;
}
class Automobile {
virtual void drive ()=0;
}
class Automobile {
void drive (){}
}
Answer:
class Automobile {
virtual void drive ()=0;
}
Explanation:
In C++, an abstract class is one which cannot be instantiated. However it can be subclassed. A class containing a pure virtual function is considered an abstract class. A virtual function is preceded by the virtual keyword. For example:
virtual void drive();
In addition , if a virtual function is pure, it is indicated using ' = 0 ;' syntax.
For example:
virtual void drive() = 0;
Of the given options:
class Automobile {
virtual void drive ()=0;
}
represents an abstract class.
The abstract class in the given options is the one with a pure virtual function, which is 'class Automobile { virtual void drive ()=0; }'.
Explanation:An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated on its own and is typically used as a base class for other classes. In C++ programming language, an abstract class is defined by having at least one pure virtual function. Looking at the given options, the class that represents an abstract class is the one that declares a pure virtual function with the syntax '=0' after the function declaration.
Therefore, the correct option is:
class Automobile {The presence of the keyword virtual followed by '=0' in the function declaration indicates that the drive function is a pure virtual function, making the Automobile class abstract.
Should technology managers strategize technology projects? Why? How?
Answer: Yes, technology projects should be strategized by the manager of technology.
Explanation: It is correct for technology manager to crate technology projects because the manager would be persisting the knowledge about the technology.Without the correct strategy, which is required to accomplish the goal, the technical project cannot be achieved.
The manager can carry out the work with the help of the critical thinking and the knowledge about the technologies that should be used.By analyzing the need of the project ,he/she can plan the right steps of strategy.
A(n) _____ is a harmful program that resides in the active memory of the computer and duplicates itself.
Worm
Virus
Keylogger
Timebomb
Answer: Worm
Explanation: Worm is the malicious software program which acts as the infection in the computer system. It has the ability to replicate itself and spread in the other systems .It is found in those parts that have automatic operation and non-noticeable.
The effect of the worm is slowing down the operations ,disturb the network etc.Other options are incorrect because virus is the malicious program that infects the host, key-loggers are used for monitoring of system and time bomb is the program for releasing the virus in computer network. Thus, the correct option is worm.
Business service management is an approach for linking __________ or metrics of IT to business goals to determine the impact on the business.
a. key performance indicators (KPIs)
b. critical success factors (CSFs)
c. scorecards
d. financials
Answer:a) Key performance indicators (KPIs)
Explanation: Key performance indicators are the measurement key for evaluation of the performance of the organization on the basis of long time period. They help in providing the knowledge about the business's financial achievement , organizational plan, and other factors.
It is creates the factor/goal that should be focused more for improvement of the business.It creates the critical key so that the progress in the achieving the goal evaluated can be done.
Other options are incorrect because critical success factor(CSF) is the factor for achieving successful and positive outcome in business ,scorecard are for the noting the score of positive and negative factors and financial is the term for the finance and money in the business.Thus the correct option is option (a).
In Load/Store Architecture, memory is only referenced by load and store instructions.
True
False
Answer:True
Explanation: Load-store architecture is the architecture in the computer system field that contains the instruction collection.These sets of the instructions are dived in the two parts named as the ALU(arithmetic and logical) operation section and memory access section.
The ALU operation part handles the arithmetic calculation and evaluation between the registers whereas the memory access part handles the load and store actions only between the register and memory.Thus , the given statement is true.
What is ‘Software Quality Assurance’?
Answer: Software quality assurance is considered as the means under which one monitors the software processes and techniques used in order to ensure quality. The techniques using which this is attained are varied, and thus may also include ensuring accordance to more than one standards. It is referred to as a set of techniques that ensures the quality of projects in software process. These mostly include standards that administrators use in order to review and also audit software activities, i,e, these software meet standards.
Think about an internet of things that we are using on our daily life and how it can be hack and what consequences this will be on us.
Answer:
Internet of thing is a generic term given to all the devices that are interconnected via internet. The things are all the devices that we use in out daily lives such as refrigerators, cars, homes ,e.t.c The interconnections of all the things allows better operation and high ease of daily life as the devices are calibrated to our needs hence automatically turn off if we don't use them. As an example the interconnected electric lights in smart homes know weather we are present in home or not and automatically turn off and on depending on our presence.
As an example of Internet of things device consider Smart Homes that use automation to regulate various operations such as lighting, air conditioning and other operations. If an rouge entity gets access to the system and is able to disrupt the operation's we can easily identify the consequences such as no light , no air conditioning among others. Even our access to our own house can be blocked thus making our life miserable.
Answer
responsible I think I wouldn't know
Explanation:
What is the Documenter?
Answer:
In the database, the documenter is basically used to display the properties of the selected object and use the microsoft access to display the particular object.
The database documenter basically created a particular document and report which basically contain proper detailed information and data for the every selected object.
Then, after creating the report we can easily open in the print for previewing the report in the microsoft access.
What is percent encoding and why is it used?
Answer:
Percent encoding is the mechanism for encoding the information in the URI (Uniform resource identifier) that basically transmitted the special variable or characters in the URI to the cloud platform.
It is also used in various application for transferring the data by using the HTTP requests.
Percent encoding is also known as uniform resource locator (URL) encoding. The percent encoding basically used to convert the non ASCII characters into URL format which is basically understandable to the all the web server and browsers. In percent encoding the percent sign is known as escape character.
What is wrong with the following code? How should it be fixed?
1 public class H2ClassH {
2 final int x;
3
4. int H2ClassH () {
5 if (x == 7) return 1;
6 return 2; 7 } // end 8 } // end class H2ClassH
Answer:
Final variable x is not initialized.
Explanation:
In this JAVA code we have a final variable named x.The thing with final variable is that they act like constants in C++.Once initialized cannot be changed after that and we have to initialize them at the time of declaration.
In JAVA if we do not initialize the final variable the compiler will throw compile time error.Final variables are only initialized once.
. In testing, what is the role of an oracle?
Answer:
The role of test oracle is to determine if a test has passed or failed. Oracle compares the outputs of the system under a test, for a given test-case input, and the output(s) that should have. A test oracle works on specifying constraints on the output(s) for a set of inputs. An oracle could be:
a program which tells if the output is correct. documentation that specifies the correct output for inputs. a human that can tell whether it is correct an output.Which of the following devices is used to connect multiple devices to a network and sends all traffic to all connected devices? (Please select one of the four options)
Switch
Modem
Hub
Repeater
Answer: HUB
Explanation:
A Hub is a network device, that acts only in layer 1 (Physical layer) forwarding all traffic that reaches to the input port, to all output ports at once, without processing the received data in any way that could modify them.
It behaves like it were a multiport repeater (which has only one output port).
. Explain the notions of WAN, LAN, MAN and PAN.
Answer:
Explanation:
WAN (Wide Area Network), is a computer network that joins several local networks, although their members are not all in the same physical location.LAN (Local Area Network) is a network of computers that cover in a small area for example a house, an apartment or a building. One part of the topological definition is the physical topology, which is the actual arrangement of the cables or media.MAN (metropolitan area network) is a network of computers that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than area covered by a large local area network (LAN)PAN (Personal Area Network.) Is a network used to connect different personal computer devices centered on an individual person workspace.Final answer:
Networks are categorized into WAN, LAN, MAN, and PAN based on their geographical coverage and usage, ranging from expansive (like the internet) for WAN, to personal space for PAN. Wi-Fi is a common technology used for creating LANs that allow devices to connect wirelessly within a certain area.
Explanation:
Networks come in various sizes and are categorized based on their geographical span and usage. Here we explore four kinds: Wide Area Network (WAN), Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), and Personal Area Network (PAN).
WAN is a network that covers a broad area, potentially spanning countries or continents. It can be made up of multiple LANs and connects devices across long distances, such as the internet. LAN, on the other hand, is restricted to a small geographical area, typically a single building or campus, and offers high data transfer rates. It is commonly used in homes, schools, and offices.
MAN encompasses a larger area than LAN but smaller than WAN, often spreading across a city or metropolitan area. It is useful for connecting several LANs within that city to allow networks to communicate with each other. Lastly, PAN is the smallest network, intended for personal use within a range of a few meters. It typically involves devices like smartphones, tablets, and wearables interacting with each other.
Wi-Fi is a widely adopted technology enabling wireless LANs, described by the IEEE 802.11 series of standards. It's a key part of many networks, providing connectivity in homes, offices, and public hotspots. People might pay a monthly fee or get access for free, depending on the business model of the ISP or facility providing the Wi-Fi service.
Describe practices that enable software designers to think about using patterns?
Answer:
Firstly, the software designer basically understand the pattern of the system by think with broader perspective. By establish the pattern first design the proper context of the system.
The pattern dependency basically focus on manage the relationship between the different types of the modules. It basically provide the actual guidance which increase the reuse-ability of the module.
We can also extract the given pattern that from the level of the abstraction and lack cohesion modules are basically difficult to maintain.