Answer : The percent composition by volume of mixture of [tex]CO[/tex] and [tex]CO_2[/tex] are, 18.94 % and 81.06 % respectively.
Solution :
According to the Graham's law, the rate of effusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of gas.
[tex]R\propto \sqrt{\frac{1}{M}}[/tex]
And the relation between the rate of effusion and volume is :
[tex]R=\frac{V}{t}[/tex]
or, from the above we conclude that,
[tex](\frac{V_1}{V_2})^2=\frac{M_2}{M_1}[/tex] ..........(1)
where,
[tex]V_1[/tex] = volume of helium gas = 29.7 ml
[tex]V_2[/tex] = volume of mixture = 9.28 ml
[tex]M_1[/tex] = molar mass of helium gas = 4 g/mole
[tex]M_2[/tex] = molar mass of mixture = ?
Now put all the given values in the above formula 1, we get the molar mass of mixture.
[tex](\frac{29.8ml}{9.28ml})^2=\frac{M_2}{4g/mole}[/tex]
[tex]M_2=40.97g/mole[/tex]
The average molar mass of mixture = 40.97 g/mole
Now we have to calculate the percent composition by volume of the mixture.
Let the mole fraction of [tex]CO[/tex] be, 'x' and the mole fraction of [tex]CO_2[/tex] will be, (1 - x).
As we know that,
[tex]\text{Average molar mass of mixture}=\text{Mole fraction of }CO[/tex]
[tex]\text{Average molar mass of mixture}=(\text{Mole fraction of }CO\times \text{Molar mass of } CO)+(\text{Mole fraction of }CO_2\times \text{Molar mass of } CO_2)[/tex]
Now put all the given values in this expression, we get:
[tex]40.94g/mole=((x)\times 28g/mole)+((1-x)\times 44g/mole)[/tex]
[tex]x=0.1894[/tex]
The mole fraction of [tex]CO[/tex] = x = 0.1894
The mole fraction of [tex]CO_2[/tex] = 1 - x = 1 - 0.1894 = 0.8106
The percent composition by volume of mixture of [tex]CO[/tex] = [tex]0.1894\times 100=18.94\%[/tex]
The percent composition by volume of mixture of [tex]CO_2[/tex] = [tex]0.8106\times 100=81.06\%[/tex]
Therefore, the percent composition by volume of mixture of [tex]CO[/tex] and [tex]CO_2[/tex] are, 18.94 % and 81.06 % respectively.
If the temperature of water increases as you heat it, the temperature is the independent variable.
True
False
Answer: If the temp of water increases as you heat it, the temp is the independent variable
false
Label A-F based on the table using C for concentrated and D for dilute.
A_
B_
C_
D_
E_
F_
Molarity is defined as the number of moles form a certain compound in one liter of solution.
So the higher the molarity the higher the number of moles in one liter of solution, and we say that the concentration is increased. The lower the molarity the lower the number of moles in one liter of solution, and we say that the concentration is decreased.
In a nutshell:
High molarity = concentrated solution
Low molarity = diluted solution
(A) concentrated
(B) dilute
(C) dilute
(D) concentrated
(E) dilute
(F) concentrated
Answer:
A) C
B) D
C) D
D) C
E) D
F) C
hope it helped
ExpLanation:
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a (an) ________ fatty acid.
Answer:
Saturated
Explanation:
A fatty acid is a derivative of alkanoic acids containing the carbonyl group. Many of the higher carboxylic acids are obtained from natural fats and oils.
A saturated fatty acid has no double bond in the hydrocarbon chains. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds in the hydrocarbon chains.
Final answer:
The compound isolated by the scientist, which has 26 carbon atoms connected by single bonds, is identified as a saturated fatty acid.
Explanation:
Based on the information given, the compound isolated by the scientist is a saturated fatty acid. The fact that the 26 carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds, and there are no double bonds present, is the key characteristic that defines it as a saturated fatty acid. In these types of compounds, each carbon atom in the hydrocarbon chain is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible, which means that adjacent carbon atoms share only single bonds. As a result, they contain a maximum number of hydrogen atoms, and no carbon-to-carbon double bonds exist within the fatty acid chain. An example of a common saturated fatty acid is stearic acid.
How many moles of aluminum will be required to produce 0.45 moles of copper metal?
Answer:
0.3 moles of aluminum
Explanation:
The reaction of Aluminium with copper sulfate reacts to give aluminium sulfate and copper metal ,
The balanced chemical reaction is as follows -
2Al + 2 CuSO4 ----> Al2(SO4)3 + 3CuFrom the above balanced equation ,considering the stoichiometry , 3 mole of Copper is produced , by using 2 moles of Aluminium,using unitary method ,hence, 1 mole of copper is produced , by using 2/3 moles of Aluminum ,(from the question , 0.45 moles of copper )Therefore , 0.45 mole of copper is produced , by using 2/3 * 0.45 mole Aluminium,Solving, 2/3 * 0.45 mole = 0.3 molHence, 0.3 moles of aluminum will be required to produce, 0.45 moles of copper metal.To produce 0.45 moles of copper metal, 0.30 moles of aluminum are required.
To determine how many moles of aluminum (Al) are needed to produce 0.45 moles of copper (Cu) metal, we need to refer to the balanced chemical reaction between aluminum and copper (II) chloride (CuCl₂).
The balanced equation is:
2 Al + 3 CuCl₂ → 2 AlCl₃ + 3 Cu
This means that 2 moles of aluminum produce 3 moles of copper. We can set up a ratio to find out how many moles of aluminum are needed to produce 0.45 moles of copper:
(2 moles Al / 3 moles Cu) = (x moles Al / 0.45 moles Cu)
Solving for x,
x = (2/3) x 0.45 = 0.30 moles of Al
Therefore, 0.30 moles of aluminum will be required to produce 0.45 moles of copper metal.
A fusion reaction takes place between carbon and another element. Neutrons are released, and a different element is formed. The different element is
A) lighter than helium.B)heavier than helium.C)the same weight as helium.D)dependent on the element that reacted with carbon.
Answer:
D) dependent on the element that reacted with carbon.
Explanation:
Nuclear fusion involves the combination of small atomic nuclei to form larger ones. This combination or fusing of nuclei is always accompanied by the release of large amount of energy.
The fusion product depends on the combining elements that fuses together. As we would have it, the fusion results in the formation of a heavier nuclei. Therefore, the combination of the Carbon and the other element would yield another nuclei that is heavier.
Which is an example of a chemical change?
water boiling
a cake baking
sugar dissolving
butter melting
Answer:
A Cake Baking
Explanation:
All of the other options are physical changes because you can always bring it bake to it's original state unlike a cake baking you can't separate the flour, sugar, and eggs as it was before.
Answer: a cake baking
Explanation:
Chemical change can be define as a change in which the substance combines with the another substances so as to form a new substance, this is called as the chemical synthesis. The chemical decomposition can be define as the break down of one substance into different substances. The chemical change brings the change in the chemical composition of substances.
A cake baking is the example of the chemical change which occurs due to the combination various substances like flour, sugar, butter and others so as to form the cake on baking.
Vitamin K is involved in normal blood clotting. When 0.802 g of vitamin K is dissolved in 25.0 g of camphor, the freezing point of the solution is lowered by 2.69 °C. The freezing point and Kf constant for camphor can be found here. Calculate the molar mass of vitamin K.
Answer:
Molar mass of vitamin K = 450.56\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]
Explanation:
The freezing point of camphor = 178.4 ⁰C
the Kf of camphor = 37.7°C/m
where : m = molality
the relation between freezing point depression and molality is
Depression in freezing point = Kf X molality
Where
Kf = cryoscopic constant of camphor
molality = moles of solute dissolved per kg of solvent.
putting values
2.69°C = 37.7°C/m X molality
molality = 0.0714 mol /kg
[tex]molality=\frac{molesofvitaminK}{massofcamphor(kg)}=\frac{moles}{0.025}[/tex]
moles of vitamin K = 0.0714X0.025 = 0.00178 mol
we know that moles are related to mass and molar mass of a substance as:
[tex]moles=\frac{mass}{molarmass}[/tex]
For vitamin K the mass is given = 0.802 grams
therefore molar mass = [tex]\frac{mass}{moles}=\frac{0.802}{0.00178}=450.56\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]
The molar mass of vitamin K, involved in normal blood clotting, is calculated to be 450 g/mol using the freezing point depression method with camphor as the solvent.
Vitamin K is involved in normal blood clotting. When 0.802 g of vitamin K is dissolved in 25.0 g of camphor, the freezing point of the solution is lowered by 2.69 °C. To calculate the molar mass of vitamin K, we will use the formula for freezing point depression:
ΔTf = Kf * m, where:
ΔTf is the freezing point depression (2.69 °C),Kf is the cryoscopic constant for camphor (37.7 °C/m),m is the molality of the solution.First, we rearrange the formula to solve for molality:
m = ΔTf / Kf = 2.69 °C / 37.7 °C/m = 0.0713 mol/kg
Next, calculate the moles of solute (vitamin K) using the mass of the solvent (camphor):
Moles of solute = m * mass of solvent (kg) = 0.0713 mol/kg * 0.0250 kg = 0.001783 mol
Finally, we find the molar mass (M) of vitamin K by dividing the mass of the solute by the moles:
M = mass of solute / moles = 0.802 g / 0.001783 mol = 450 g/mol
Thus, the molar mass of vitamin K is 450 g/mol.
A forensic chemist is given a white powder for analysis. She dissolves 0.50 g of the substance in 8.0 g of benzene. The solution freezes at 3.9°C. Can the chemist conclude that the compound is cocaine (C17H21N04)? What assumptions are made in the analysis? The freezing point of benzene is 5.5°C.
Final answer:
The molar mass of the solute is 1.6 g/mol. However, the identity of the compound cannot be concluded based solely on this information. Further analysis and testing are required.
Explanation:
The freezing point of a solution is lowered by the addition of a solute. In this question, the freezing point depression constant of benzene is given as 5.12 K kg/mol. We are given that the freezing point of pure benzene is 5.5 °C and that the freezing point of the solution with the solute is 3.9 °C. By using the formula for freezing point depression, we can calculate the molar mass of the solute as follows:
ΔTf = Kf * m
where ΔTf is the change in freezing point, Kf is the freezing point depression constant, and m is the molality of the solution.
Given that ΔTf = 5.5 °C - 3.9°C = 1.6 °C and that the molality is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the mass of the solvent (benzene), we can rearrange the formula to find the molar mass of the solute:
m = ΔTf / Kf
m = 1.6 °C / 5.12 K kg/mol = 0.3125 mol/kg
To find the molar mass, we can use the equation:
molar mass = (mass of solute) / (moles of solute)
Given that the mass of solute is 0.50 g and we have calculated the molality of the solute as 0.3125 mol/kg, we can calculate the molar mass as follows:
molar mass = (0.50 g) / (0.3125 mol/kg) = 1.6 g/mol
Therefore, the molar mass of the solute is 1.6 g/mol. However, we cannot conclude that the compound is cocaine (C17H21N04) based solely on this information. To determine the identity of the compound, further analysis and testing are required.
The calculated molar mass of the solute is 200 g/mol, indicating it may not be cocaine (C17H21NO4), which has a molar mass of approximately 303.35 g/mol.
The chemist cannot conclusively conclude that the compound is cocaine (C17H21NO4) based solely on the freezing point depression observed. To determine if the substance is cocaine, further analysis would be required. However, the freezing point depression can provide some information about the molecular weight of the solute.
The freezing point depression, [tex]\(\Delta T_f\)[/tex], is given by the equation:
[tex]\[\Delta T_f = i \cdot K_f \cdot m\][/tex]
where:
- [tex]\(i\)[/tex] is the van't Hoff factor, which is the number of moles of solute particles per mole of solute (for non-electrolytes, [tex]\(i = 1\)[/tex]).
- [tex]\(K_f\)[/tex] is the cryoscopic constant for the solvent (for benzene, [tex]\(K_f = 5.12\)[/tex] °C·kg/mol).
- [tex]\(m\)[/tex] is the molality of the solution, which is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
First, we calculate the freezing point depression:
[tex]\[\Delta T_f = T_{f, \text{pure}} - T_{f, \text{solution}} = 5.5^\circ C - 3.9^\circ C = 1.6^\circ C\][/tex]
Next, we calculate the molality of the solution. Assuming the substance is a non-electrolyte (which may not be true for cocaine, as it can ionize), the van't Hoff factor [tex]\(i\)[/tex] would be 1. The mass of the benzene solvent is 8.0 g, which is 0.0080 kg. We have 0.50 g of the solute, but we need to know its molar mass to find the molality.
Let's assume the molar mass of the solute is [tex]\(M\)[/tex] g/mol. The number of moles of the solute is:
[tex]\[\text{moles of solute} = \frac{\text{mass of solute}}{\text{molar mass of solute}} = \frac{0.50 \text{ g}}{M \text{ g/mol}}\][/tex]
The molality [tex]\(m\)[/tex] is:
[tex]\[m = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{mass of solvent in kg}} = \frac{0.50 \text{ g}/M \text{ g/mol}}{0.0080 \text{ kg}}\][/tex]
Now we can use the freezing point depression equation to solve for[tex]\(M\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[1.6^\circ C = 1 \cdot 5.12 \cdot \frac{0.50/M}{0.0080}\] \[M = \frac{1 \cdot 5.12 \cdot 0.50}{1.6 \cdot 0.0080}\] \[M = \frac{2.56}{0.0128}\] \[M = 200 \text{ g/mol}\][/tex]
The calculated molar mass of the solute is 200 g/mol, which is close to the molar mass of cocaine (C17H21NO4), which is approximately 303.35 g/mol. However, the calculated molar mass is significantly lower than that of cocaine, suggesting that the substance may not be cocaine or that the solute has a higher molar mass than calculated due to ionization (if it is an electrolyte).
Assumptions made in this analysis include:
1. The solute is a non-electrolyte, which means it does not dissociate into ions in solution. If the solute is an electrolyte, the van't Hoff factor [tex]\(i\)[/tex]would be greater than 1, affecting the calculation of the molar mass.
2. The cryoscopic constant for benzene is accurate and applicable under the conditions of the experiment.
3. The freezing point of the pure solvent (benzene) is accurately known and measured.
4. The solution is ideal, meaning intermolecular forces between solvent and solute molecules are similar to those between solvent molecules themselves.
5. There are no other impurities in the solvent or solute that could affect the freezing point.
Given the discrepancy between the calculated molar mass and the known molar mass of cocaine, additional analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy would be necessary to confirm the identity of the white powder as cocaine.
When generating equal amounts of energy, which of the following is true? (A) It is unknown how much carbon dioxide would be produced if burning coal or natural gas. (B) Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning natural gas. (C) Burning natural gas produces more carbon dioxide than burning coal. (D) Burning natural gas produces the same amount of carbon dioxide as burning coal
Answer: Option (B) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Natural gas is defined as the gas which is formed naturally beneath the surface of Earth that mostly contains methane and small amounts of ethane, propane etc.
Since, natural gas upon burning produces water and carbon dioxide resulting in the release of a clean gas as compared to other fuels. Carbon dioxide produced upon burning of natural gas is 50-60% lesser in amount as compared to release of carbon dioxide upon burning of coal.
Therefore, we can conclude that burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning natural gas.
Answer:
B is your answer
Explanation:
i took a test got it wrong and thats how i found out so your welcome
How many moles of sodium chloride are present in 0.50 kg of a 1.0 m solution of sodium chloride in water? mol sodium chloride
Answer:
=0.5 moles
Explanation:
Let us assume that the sodium chloride solution has a density of 1g/cm³.
Therefore the volume of the 0.5 kg of solution will be calculated as follows.
0.5kg into grams=0.5 kg×1000g/kg
=500g
volume= mass/density
=500g/1g/cm³
=500cm³
The solution is 1.0 M which means that 1.0 moles are in 1000 cm³
500cm³ will have:
(500 cm³×1.0 moles)/1000 cm³
=0.5 moles
Answer: 0.5
Explanation: edge 2021
What does stressing an equillibrium system mean? How is stress applied?
Answer:
Stressing an equilibrium system means altering physical conditions to favor either side of the reaction in progress.
Explanation:
The stress of equilibrium is achieved either by increasing physical properties or decreasing them eg. properties like pressure,volume or temperature of a substance.
These properties affect the direction of a reaction for a system in equilibrium.
Final answer:
Stressing an equilibrium system means causing a disruption in its balance, which can be done by changing reactant/product concentrations, pressure, or temperature. According to Le Châtelier's principle, the system will react by shifting in a direction to minimize the effects of the stress and re-establish equilibrium.
Explanation:
Le Châtelier's Principle
Stressing an equilibrium system means causing a change in conditions that disturbs the dynamic balance of a system where forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates. Stress can be applied in several ways, including changes in the concentration of reactants or products, changes in pressure or volume (for gaseous reactions), or changes in temperature. These actions can push the system out of equilibrium, and as summarized by Le Châtelier's principle, when such stress is applied, the equilibrium will shift in a direction that helps to counteract or minimize the stress.
For example, if additional reactant is added to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift toward forming more products, decreasing the concentration of the added reactants. Conversely, if additional product is added, the equilibrium will tend to shift toward forming more reactants, to reduce the concentration of the added product. This is how Le Châtelier's principle allows us to predict the response of a stressed equilibrium.
A NiCd battery uses nickel and cadmium to produce a potential difference. Using these equations, answer the following questions. I. 2NiO(OH) (s) + 2H 2O (l) + 2 e - → 2Ni(OH) 2 (s) + 2 OH¯ (aq) II. Cd (s) + 2OH¯ (aq) → Cd(OH) 2 (s) + 2e¯ III. Cd (s) + 2NiO(OH) (s) + 2 H 2O (l) → 2 Ni(OH) 2 (s) + Cd(OH) 2 (s) Which equation represents the whole chemical reaction within the galvanic cell? I II III I and II
Answer : The correct chemical reaction within the galvanic cell is,
(3) [tex]Cd(s)+2NiO(OH)(s)+2H_2O(l)\rightarrow 2Ni(OH)_2(s)+Cd(OH)_2(s)[/tex]
Explanation :
Galvanic cell : It is defined as a device which is used for the conversion of the chemical energy produces in a redox reaction into the electrical energy. It is also known as the electrochemical cell.
The redox reaction occurs between the nickel and cadmium.
In the galvanic cell, the oxidation occurs at an anode which is a negative electrode and the reduction occurs at the cathode which is a positive electrode.
The balanced two-half reactions will be,
Oxidation half reaction : [tex]Cd(s)+2OH^-(aq)\rightarrow Cd(OH)_2(aq)+2e^-[/tex]
Reduction half reaction : [tex]NiO(OH)(aq)+H_2O(l)+e^-\rightarrow Ni(OH)_2(aq)+OH^-(aq)[/tex]
Thus the overall reaction will be,
[tex]Cd(s)+2NiO(OH)(s)+2H_2O(l)\rightarrow 2Ni(OH)_2(s)+Cd(OH)_2(s)[/tex]
What is a photon?
A.) Part of a chloroplast
B.) A carbon dioxide molecule
C.) A Light particle
D.) Part of a ribosome
the correct (answer) is (c.) a light particle
An NaOH solution contains 3.6 mol of NaOH, and its concentration is 0.804 M. What is its volume?
Select one:
a. 4.48
b. 2.89
c. 179
d. 116.01
Answer:
A. 4.48
Explanation:
3.6/0.804 = 4.48
Answer:
a. 4.48 L is the Answer
Explanation:
Molarity (M), Molality (m), Normality (N), Mass %, Parts per million(ppm), billion(ppb), thousands(ppt) are some of the terms we use to represent the concentration of the solution that is to represent the amount of solute present in a solvent.
Molarity is moles of solute present in 1L of the solution. The formula to find Molarity is
[tex]Molarity = \frac {(moles solute)}{(volume of solution in L)}[/tex] and its unit is mol/L
Rearranging the formula
We get
Moles = Molarity × Volume
or
[tex]volume= \frac {moles}{Molarity}[/tex]
Plugging in the values
[tex]volume=\frac {3.6mol}{0.804M}[/tex]
[tex]=\frac {3.6mol}{(0.804 mol/L)}=4.48 L[/tex]
(Answer)
What Celsius temperature, T2, is required to change the volume of the gas sample in Part A (T1 = 23 ∘C , V1= 1.69×103 L ) to a volume of 3.38×103 L ? Assume no change in pressure or the amount of gas in the balloon.
Answer:
319.15^{o}C[/tex]
Explanation:
When all other variables are constant, we are allowed to use the formula
[tex]\frac{T_{2} }{V_{2} } = \frac{T_{1} }{V_{1} } \\
Which can be rewritten as T_{2} = \frac{T_{1} V_{2} }{V_{1} }
if you make T2 the subject of the formula. This formula is true only if temperature is in Kelvin not degrees Celsius so T1 must be converted to Kelvin
Now to calculate T2
[tex]T_{2}= \frac{296.15K*3.38.10^{3}L }{1.69.10^{3}L }= 592.3K[/tex] = [tex]319.15^{o} C[/tex]
The steps of the scientific method must be followed in order every time an experiment is carried out.
Question 20 options:
True
False
Answer:
The steps of the scientific method must be followed in order every time an experiment is carried out. - True
The steps of the scientific method do not have to be followed in the exact same order in every experiment. They are mostly followed in a typical order, but can be repeated and modified as needed while performing the experiment.
Explanation:The statement is generally false: the steps of the scientific method do not have to be followed in the exact same order during every experiment. These steps are: observation, question formulation, hypothesis, experiment, data collection and analysis, and conclusion. While they are usually followed in that order, it is not mandatory to do so. Some steps can be repeated and modified as needed during the experiment. It's the iterative nature of the scientific method that encourages scientists to test and refine their hypotheses.
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Triglycerides look like the letter "E" because they contain the following components
a. Four fatty acid chains, a glycerol and a phosphate group
b. Two fatty acid chains, a simple sugar and a nitrogenous base
c. Three fatty acid chains and a 'backbone' of glycerol
d. Three 6-carbon rings attached to one 5-carbon ring ("3 bedrooms and a bath")
Answer:
c. Three fatty acid chains and a 'backbone' of glycerol
Explanation:
A triglyceride is ester which is derived from glycerol and three (may be different or same) fatty acids. The name is thus derived as tri ( 3 fatty acids) - and glyceride (glycerol backbone). Triglycerides are main constituents of the body fat in human body and other vertebrates.
Triglycerides are the tri-esters which consist of glycerol attached to 3 molecules of fatty acid. Alcohols consists of hydroxyl group. Organic acids consists of carboxyl group. Alcohols and organic acids join to form esters. The molecule of glycerol has 3 hydroxyl groups which are bonded to three fatty acid molecules via ester bonds.
Bromine is one of only two elements that is a liquid at room temperature. Bromine has a heat of vaporization of 30.91 kJ/mol and its boiling point is 59 °C. What is the entropy of vaporization for bromine?
A. -301 J/(mol∙K)
B. -93.1 J/(mol∙K)
C. 10.7 J/(mol∙K)
D. 93.1 J/(mol∙K)
The element of bromine has entropy of vaporization as -93.1 J/(mol∙K) which is calculated as S=-ΔH/T.
What is an element?It is defined as a substance which cannot be broken down further into any other substance. Each element is made up of its own type of atom. Due to this reason all elements are different from one another.
Elements can be classified as metals and non-metals. Metals are shiny and conduct electricity and are all solids at room temperature except mercury. Non-metals do not conduct electricity and are mostly gases at room temperature except carbon and sulfur.
The entropy of vaporization for bromine is calculated by the formula S=-ΔH/T,substitution in given formula gives,
S=-30.91/332=-93.1 J/(mol∙K)
Thus, the element of bromine has entropy of vaporization as -93.1 J/(mol∙K) .
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Final answer:
The entropy of vaporization for bromine is 93.1 J/(mol·K), which means the correct answer is D. 93.1 J/(mol·K).
Explanation:
To find the entropy of vaporization (ΔSvap) for bromine, we can use the formula ΔSvap = ΔHvap / Tb, where ΔHvap is the heat of vaporization and Tb is the boiling point in Kelvin. Given that the heat of vaporization (ΔHvap) for bromine is 30.91 kJ/mol and its boiling point is 59 °C, we first need to convert these units appropriately. The boiling point in Kelvin is 59 °C + 273.15 = 332.15 K.
Converting the heat of vaporization to J/mol (since 1 kJ = 1000 J), we have 30.91 kJ/mol = 30910 J/mol.
Now, we can calculate the entropy of vaporization as follows: ΔSvap = 30910 J/mol / 332.15 K = 93.1 J/(mol·K).
A sample of an ideal gas at 1.00 atm1.00 atm and a volume of 1.81 L1.81 L was placed in a weighted balloon and dropped into the ocean. As the sample descended, the water pressure compressed the balloon and reduced its volume. When the pressure had increased to 40.0 atm,40.0 atm, what was the volume of the sample? Assume that the temperature was held constant.
By applying Boyle's Law to the given conditions, the volume of the ideal gas compresses to 0.04525 L when the pressure increases to 40.0 atm, assuming constant temperature.
Explanation:The problem involves calculating the volume of a sample of ideal gas under constant temperature when the pressure changes. This scenario is perfectly described by Boyle's Law, which states that the product of the initial pressure and volume is equal to the product of the final pressure and volume, given by the formula P1V1 = P2V2, where P is pressure and V is volume. In this problem, the initial pressure (P1) is 1.00 atm, the initial volume (V1) is 1.81 L, and the final pressure (P2) is 40.0 atm. Our goal is to find the final volume (V2).
Applying Boyle's Law:
1.00 atm × 1.81 L = 40.0 atm × V2
To find V2, we rearrange the formula to solve for V2:
V2 = (1.00 atm × 1.81 L) / 40.0 atm
This gives us:
V2 = 0.04525 L
Therefore, when the pressure increases to 40.0 atm, the volume of the gas compresses to 0.04525 L.
2-butanone is converted into 3-methyl-3-hexanol using a grignard reagent prepared from 1-bromopropane and magnesium metal in thf solution. List the procedural steps required to collect the alcohol product by microdistillation.
Answer:
Here's what I get.
Explanation:
At the end of the reaction you will have a solution of the alcohol in THF.
The microdistillation procedure will vary, depending on the specific apparatus you are using, but here is a typical procedure.
Transfer the solution to a conical vial. Add a boiling stone. Attach a Hickman head (shown below) and condenser. Place the assembly in in the appropriate hole of an aluminium block on top of a hotplate stirrer. Begin stirring and heating at a low level so the THF (bp 63 °C) can distill slowly. Use a Pasteur pipet to withdraw the THF as needed. When all the THF has been removed, raise the temperature of the Al block and distill the alcohol (bp 143 °C).The density of pure copper is 8.96 at 20°C. If 5.00 g of pure copper pellets is added to a graduated cylinder containing 14.6 mL of water, to what volume level will the water in the cylinder rise?
Final answer:
The volume of water in the cylinder will rise to approximately 0.558 mL.
Explanation:
To find the volume to which the water in the cylinder will rise, we need to calculate the volume of the copper pellets. The density of pure copper is given as 8.96 g/cm³. From the given mass of the copper pellets (5.00 g), we can calculate the volume using the formula:
Volume = Mass / Density
Substituting the values, we get:
Volume = 5.00 g / 8.96 g/cm³ = 0.558 g/cm³
Therefore, the water in the cylinder will rise to a volume of 0.558 mL.
Which question can be answered using the scientific process?APEX
A.) Should people be made to reuse all bags?
B.) What is the effect of plastic bags on birds?
C.) Is the government doing enough to fight pollution ?
D.) Is it right to make people stop using plastic bags?
Answer: B.) What is the effect of plastic bags on birds?
Explanation:
A scientific process is a detailed sequential process in which answer of the scientific question can be derived on the basis of the implementation of the scientific methodology. The scientific methodology exhibit the direct observation and experimentation process.
B is the correct option this is because of the fact that this can be answered by direct observation and experimental trails which are the parts of scientific process.
Rank the SN2 reaction rate of the following species, from fastest to slowest.
CH3CH2OH
CH3CH2I
CH3CH2Cl
Answer:
CH₃CH₂I > CH₃CH₂Cl > CH₃CH₂OH
Explanation:
SN₂ reaction -
It is the nucleophilic reaction bimolecular , where the nucleophile replaces the leaving group present in the reaction , this is a one step reaction .
The rate of the reaction depends on -
how good is the leaving group , as a good leaving group will immediately leave and the nucleophile can readily attack to form the product . how strong is the nucleophile , as the stronger nucleophile can efficiently attack replaces the leaving group to form the product .From the question ,
I is the best leaving group , then is Cl and least is OH .
Hence ,
The fastest to slowest rate of reaction is as follows -
CH₃CH₂I > CH₃CH₂Cl > CH₃CH₂OH
The order of reactivity in an SN2 reaction for the given species, from fastest to slowest, is CH3CH2I > CH3CH2Cl > CH3CH2OH. Iodine is a better leaving group than chlorine, and chlorine is better than hydroxyl.
Explanation:In SN2 reactions, the rate of reaction is largely determined by the leaving group. The better the leaving group, the faster the reaction proceeds. In the given species, the order of reactivity in an SN2 reaction, from fastest to slowest, is CH3CH2I > CH3CH2Cl > CH3CH2OH. This is because iodine (I) is a better leaving group than chlorine (Cl), and chlorine is a better leaving group than hydroxyl (OH).
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The carbon-magnesium bond in a Grignard reagent is covalent and highly-polarized such that the carbon is negatively charged. Which of the following statements can be used to describe the Grignard carbanion? Select all that apply.
-Grignard reagents are weak nucleophiles
-Grignard reagents are strong nucleophiles
-Grignard reagents are strong bases
-Grignard reagents are weak bases
Answer:
-Grignard reagents are strong bases (third choice)
-Grignard reagents are strong nucleophiles ( second choice)
Grignard reagents have Grignard carbanion which are strong bases and strong nucleophiles.
What is a base?According to the Arrhenius concept, base is defined as a substance which yields hydroxyl ions on dissociation.These ions react with the hydrogen ions of acids to produce salt in an acid-base reaction.
Bases have a pH higher than seven as they yield hydroxyl ions on dissociation.They are soapy in touch and have a bitter taste.According to the Lowry-Bronsted concept, base is defined as a substance which accepts protons .Base react violently with acids to produce salts .Aqueous solutions of bases can be used to conduct electricity .They can also be used as indicators in acid-base titrations.
They are used in the manufacture of soaps,paper, bleaching powder.Calcium hydroxide ,a base is used to clean sulfur dioxide gas while magnesium hydroxide can be used as an antacid to cure acidity.
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A compound weighing 0.458 g is dissolved in 30.0 g of acetic acid. The freezing point of the solution is found to be 1.50 K below that of the pure solvent. Calculate the molar mass of the compound.
Answer:
Molar mass of compound = 38.17 g/mol
Explanation:
The mass of compound dissolved = 0.458 g
The mass of acetic acid taken = 30.0g = 0.03 kg
the depression in freezing point =1.50 K or 1.50 ⁰C
the relation between depression in freezing point and molality is:
Depression in freezing point = Kf X molality
Where Kf= cryoscopic constant = 3.90 ⁰C Kg/mol
Putting values
1.50 = 3.90 X molality
[tex]molality=\frac{1.50}{3.90}=0.385[/tex]
molality is moles of solute per Kg of solvent
[tex]molality=\frac{moles}{massofsolvent}=\frac{moles}{0.03}=0.385[/tex]
moles = 0.385 X 0.03 = 0.012
[tex]moles=\frac{mass}{molarmass}[/tex]
[tex]molarmass=\frac{mass}{moles}=\frac{0.458}{0.012}= 38.17g/mol[/tex]
Answer: The molar mass of the compound is 39.69 g/mol
Explanation:
Depression in freezing point is defined as the difference in the freezing point of pure solution and freezing point of solution.
To calculate the depression in freezing point, we use the equation:
[tex]\Delta T_f=iK_fm[/tex]
Or,
[tex]\Delta T_f=i\times K_f\times \frac{m_{solute}\times 1000}{M_{solute}\times W_{solvent}\text{ (in grams)}}[/tex]
where,
[tex]\Delta T_f[/tex] = Depression in freezing point = 1.50 K = 1.50°C (Change remains constant)
i = Vant hoff factor = 1 (For non-electrolytes)
[tex]K_f[/tex] = molal freezing point elevation constant = 3.90°C/m
[tex]m_{solute}[/tex] = Given mass of solute = 0.458 g
[tex]M_{solute}[/tex] = Molar mass of solute (glucose) = ? g/mol
[tex]W_{solvent}[/tex] = Mass of solvent (acetic acid) = 30.0 g
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]1.50^oC=1\times 3.90^oC/m\times \frac{0.458\times 1000}{\text{Molar mass of solute}\times 30.0}\\\\\text{Molar mass of solute}=\frac{1\times 3.90\times 0.458\times 1000}{1.50\times 30.0}=39.69g/mol[/tex]
Hence, the molar mass of the compound is 39.69 g/mol
The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the
Answer:
The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the primary level.
Isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of
Answer:
PROTONS
Explanation:
Isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of PROTONS (and electrons).
A closed 1L chamber of gas undergoes the following reaction at 400 °C and 20,000 kPa: 2H2(g)+ O2(g) --> 2H2O(g) Assuming 2 mols of hydrogen gas, 1 mol of oxygen gas, a constant temperature, and no product at start, what is the resulting pressure after the reaction occurs?
Answer:
The resulting pressure after the reaction occurs is 13,333.3333 kPa
Explanation:
The combined gas law for an ideal gas is:
[tex]\frac {P_1\times V_1}{n_1\times T_1}=\frac {P_2\times V_2}{n_2\times T_2}[/tex]
Where,
P₁ , V₁ , n₁ , T₁ are the pressure, volume, moles and temperature respectively of ideal gas 1.
P₂ , V₂ , n₂ , T₂ are the pressure, volume, moles and temperature respectively of ideal gas 2.
For the question, temperature stays constant and the volume ("closed chamber") are constant.
Thus, equation using for the question:
[tex]\frac {P_1}{n_1}=\frac {P_2}{n_2}[/tex]
On the reactant side, number of moles = 2 + 1 = 3 moles
On the product side, number of moles = 2 moles
Given: P₁ = 20,000 kPa
Substituting the values and solving for P₂ gives
20,000kPa / 3 = P₂/2
P₂ = 13,333.3333 kPa
Using Avogadro's law, the resulting pressure after the reaction of 2 mols H2 with 1 mol O2 in a closed 1L chamber at 400 °C is calculated to be 13,333.33 kPa.
Explanation:Calculating Resulting Pressure After a Chemical Reaction
To determine the resulting pressure after the reaction of hydrogen gas with oxygen gas to form water vapor, we apply the ideal gas law and Avogadro's law. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
2 H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 H₂O(g)
Initially, we have 3 moles of gas (2 moles H₂ and 1 mole O₂). Since the products and reactants are gaseous and the number of moles decreases from 3 to 2, the resulting pressure after the reaction can be calculated by direct proportion using Avogadro's law, assuming the temperature remains constant. We can use the formula:
P₁V₁/n₁ = P₂V₂/n₂
Given that V₁ = V₂ (1 L chamber) and n₁ is 3 moles while n₂ is 2 moles:
P₂ = P₁ * (n₂/n₁)
P₂ = 20,000 kPa * (2/3)
P₂ = 13,333.33 kPa
The resulting pressure in the chamber after the reaction is complete would therefore be 13,333.33 kPa.
Air pressure is lower at high altitudes. An airplane cabin can adjust, but as the plane rises, passengers can experience temporary pain in their ears. Check all facts below that explain why. The air pressure in the ears increases. The air pressure in the ears decreases. The volume of air in the ears increases. The volume of air in the ears decreases. The change in volume causes discomfort. It takes time for the ears to dispell excess air past the ear drum.
Answer:
B C E F
Explanation:
When an airplane rises to high altitudes, the air pressure decreases, and this decrease in pressure affects the air pressure in the ears. As a result, passengers may experience temporary pain or discomfort in their ears due to the change in volume of air in the ears and the need for the ears to equalize the pressure.
Explanation:When an airplane rises to high altitudes, the air pressure decreases. This decrease in air pressure affects the air pressure in the ears and can cause temporary pain. Here's how it happens:
The air pressure in the ears decreases: As the airplane ascends, the air pressure in the cabin decreases. This reduced air pressure affects the air pressure in the ears.The volume of air in the ears decreases: The decrease in cabin pressure leads to a decrease in the volume of air in the ears.The change in volume causes discomfort: The decrease in volume can cause temporary discomfort or a feeling of pressure in the ears.It takes time for the ears to dispel excess air past the eardrum: The air pressure inside and outside the ears needs time to equalize, and excess air may need to be dispelled past the eardrum. This process can cause temporary pain or discomfort in the ears.The diagram below shows DNA molecules. What do the broken lines connected to hydrogen atoms represent in this diagram? the weakest intermolecular forces the weakest intramolecular forces the strongest intermolecular forces the strongest intramolecular forces
Hydrogen bonds are the broken lines between the DNA molecules. These are the strongest intermolecular forces, so C.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
c