When a collision occurs between two reactant particles that, between them, have the required minimum kinetic energy, or activation energy, a product does not always form. Which of the following reasons explains this?
a.low temperature
b.small surface area
c.unfavorable geometry
d.low concentration
c.unfavorable geometry
Answer: C. Unfavorable geometry
Explanation: When collision occurs between two reactants in order to make a reaction possible there are 3 factors which are responsible.
a) Orientation factor
b) Energy factor
c) rate of collision
Thus out of the given options, unfavorable geometry is the correct one as temperature and concentration as well as surface area will have very little effect on the reaction.
If the geometry of the reactant is not complementary then the reaction would not lead successfully.
Sam wants to demonstrate how water changes from a solid to a gas. He places ice in a pot on a stove. What variable is causing water to change state?
A) the heat from the stove
B) the container the ice is placed in
C) the temperature of the air surrounding the ice
D) the time that has lapsed since the ice was removed from the freezer
Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
When Sam placed ice in a pot on a stove then there will be transfer of heat from the stove to the pot and then from the pot to the ice.
As a result, solid state of ice changes into liquid state of water because of melting of ice.
Thus, we can conclude that the heat from the stove is the variable that is causing water to change state.
How many orbitals are there in the third shell (n=3)? express your answer numerically as an integer?
There are three subshells (s, p, and d) and a total of nine orbitals in the third shell (n=3) of an atom.
The question asks about the number of subshells and orbitals in the third principal shell (n=3) of an atom. In the third shell, there are three subshells, which are designated as 3s, 3p, and 3d. The subshell with l=0 is called s and has 2(0)+1 = 1 orbital, the subshell with l=1 is called p and has 2(1)+1 = 3 orbitals, and the subshell with l=2 is called d and has 2(2)+1 = 5 orbitals.
Total number of orbitals for n=3 = 1 + 3 + 5 = nine orbitals. These orbitals can accommodate a maximum number of electrons using the formula 2n², which gives us 2(3)² = 18 electrons for the third shell.
What is the overall nuclear fusion reaction in the sun?
which of the following substances has a molar mass of 208g
A sample of gas in which [h2s] = 5.76 m is heated to 1400 k in a sealed vessel. after chemical equilibrium has been achieved, what is the value of [h2s]? assume no h2 or s2 was present in the original sample.
Final answer:
To calculate the equilibrium concentration of H₂S after heating to 1400 K, changes in the initial concentration are compared to that at equilibrium. If the change is less than 2%, it's negligible, following similar principles found in other chemical equilibria.
Explanation:
The question concerns the calculation of the equilibrium concentration of H₂S after heating a sample to 1400 K. In the original sample, there was only H₂S present with no H₂ or S₂. When the equilibrium is reached after heating, we compare the initial concentration with the concentration at equilibrium. A change of less than 2% is considered negligible. Therefore, the assumption that 2x is negligibly small compared to the initial concentration h₂s is confirmed. This principle follows the pattern found in other equilibrium scenarios such as the decomposition of PCl₅ into PCl₃ and Cl₂ where the remaining concentrations can compute the equilibrium constant.
When hydrogen is burned, it reacts with oxygen and produces _____. carbon dioxide water oil helium
when butane reacts with oxygen, the temperature of the surrounding area
Answer:
increases.
Explanation:
How many grams of sodium metal are needed to react completely with 25.8 liters of chlorine gas at 293 Kelvin and 1.30 atmospheres? Ideal gas law after stoichiometry I don't need the answer please don't give it just explain how to solve it.
Write the name of the following compound MgSO4 • H20
Write formulas for these hydrates sodium sulfate decahydrate
Final answer:
The chemical formulas for the hydrates are Na₂SO₄⋅10H₂O (sodium sulfate decahydrate), CaCl₂⋅2H₂O (calcium chloride dihydrate), and Ba(OH)₂⋅8H₂O (barium hydroxide octahydrate).
Explanation:
To write the chemical formulas of hydrates, you start by writing the formula for the anhydrous compound (the compound without water) followed by a dot, then the number of water molecules, represented as H₂O. Each number of water molecules is prefaced by a prefix that indicates how many molecules of water are included.
Sodium sulfate decahydrate, which has 10 water molecules, is written as Na₂SO₄⋅10H₂O.Calcium chloride dihydrate, which has 2 water molecules, is written as CaCl₂⋅2H₂O.Barium hydroxide octahydrate, which has 8 water molecules, is written as Ba(OH)₂⋅8H₂O.These formulas indicate the precise number of water molecules associated with each ionic compound.
He hydroxide ion concentration in household ammonia is 3.2 × 10−3 m at 25 °c. what is the concentration of hydronium ions in the solution
Answer:- [tex][H_3O^+]=4.2*10^-^1^1[/tex]
Solution:- Ammonia is a weak base. So, to calculate the hydroxide ion concentration we make the ice table:
[tex]NH_3(aq)+H_2O(l)\rightleftharpoons NH_4^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)[/tex]
I 0.0032 0 0
C -X +X +X
E (0.0032-X) X X
[tex]K_b=\frac{[NH_4^+][OH^-]}{[NH_3]}[/tex]
Kb value for ammonia is [tex]1.8*10^-^5[/tex] . Let's plug in the values and solve for X.
[tex]1.8*10^-^5=\frac{X^2}{0.0032-X}[/tex]
Kb value is very low so we can neglect the X on the bottom.
[tex]1.8*10^-^5=\frac{X^2}{0.0032}[/tex]
On cross multiply:
[tex]X^2=1.8*10^-^5*0.0032[/tex]
[tex]X^2=5.76*10^-^8[/tex]
On taking square root:
[tex]X=2.4*10^-^4[/tex]
From ice table, [tex][OH^-]]=X[/tex]
So, [tex][OH^-]=2.4*10^-^4[/tex]
hydronium ion and hydroxide ion concentrations are related to each other by the formula:
[tex][H_3O^+][OH^-]=K_w[/tex]
where, Kw is the water dissociation constant and its value is [tex]1.0*10^-^1^4[/tex]
[tex][H_3O^+]=\frac{1.0*10^-^1^4}{2.4*10^-^4}[/tex]
[tex][H_3O^+]=4.2*10^-^1^1[/tex]
This solution contains equal concentrations of both hf(aq) and naf(aq). write the proton transfer equilibrium (net ionic) reaction that includes f– as a reactant. include states of matter.
The proton transfer equilibrium reaction involving F¯ as a reactant in a solution with equal concentrations of HF and NaF is expressed as HF(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + F¯(aq). The net ionic equation illustrates the dissociation of hydrofluoric acid and the effect of the common ion from NaF on this equilibrium.
The proton transfer equilibrium reaction that includes F(aq) as a reactant in a solution containing equal concentrations of HF(aq) and NaF(aq) can be written as follows:
HF(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + F¯(aq)
This shows the dissociation of hydrofluoric acid (HF) into fluoride ions (F¯) and hydronium ions (H3O+). When NaF is dissolved in water, it completely dissociates into Na+ and F¯ ions. The increased concentration of the common ion F¯ from NaF will shift the equilibrium to the left (common ion effect), reducing the ionization of HF and consequently reducing the concentration of H3O+.
The net ionic equation focuses on the species that change during the reaction. In this case, the sodium ion (Na+) is a spectator ion and does not participate in the equilibrium process, so it is omitted from the net ionic equation.
Identify the oxidizing agent in the reaction: 8h+(aq) + 6cl−(aq) + sn(s) + 4no3−(aq) → sncl62−(aq) + 4no2(g) + 4h2o(l)
The oxidizing agent in the reaction is the NO3- ions.
Explanation:In the given reaction,
8H+(aq) + 6Cl-(aq) + Sn(s) + 4NO3-(aq) → SnCl62-(aq) + 4NO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
The oxidizing agent is the species that gets reduced. In this reaction, the NO3- ions are reduced from a +5 oxidation state to a +4 oxidation state, so the NO3- ions are the oxidizing agent.
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In the given reaction, the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻) is the oxidizing agent as it gets reduced from an oxidation number of +5 to +4. The tin (Sn) is oxidized from 0 to +4.
The identification is based on changes in oxidation numbers during the reaction.
To identify the oxidizing agent in the given reaction:
8H⁺(aq) + 6Cl⁻ (aq) + Sn(s) + 4NO₃⁻(aq) → SnCl₆²⁻(aq) + 4NO₂(g) + 4H₂O(l)Assign oxidation numbers to each element in the reaction:
Sn (tin) in its elemental form has an oxidation number of 0.In SnCl₆²⁻ tin’s oxidation number is +4.In NO₃⁻ (nitrate ion), nitrogen has an oxidation number of +5.In NO₂ (nitrogen dioxide), nitrogen has an oxidation number of +4.Determine what is being oxidized and reduced:
sn is oxidized from 0 to +4, losing electrons.NO₃⁻ is reduced from +5 to +4, gaining electrons.Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents:
The species that gets reduced is the oxidizing agent.So, in this reaction, NO₃⁻ (nitrate ion) is the oxidizing agent.
Correct question is: Identify the oxidizing agent in the given reaction:
8H⁺(aq) + 6Cl⁻ (aq) + Sn(s) + 4NO₃⁻(aq) → SnCl₆²⁻(aq) + 4NO₂(g) + 4H₂O(l)
What is the concentration of a phosphoric acid solution of a 25.00 mL sample if the acid requires 42.24 mL of 0.135 M NaOH for neutralization?
Please explain your steps.
Answer: The volume of 0.10 M NaOH required to neutralize 30 ml of 0.10 M HCl is, 30 ml.
Explanation:
According to the neutralization law,
[tex]n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2[/tex]
where,
[tex]M_1[/tex] = molarity of NaOH solution = 0.135 M
[tex]V_1[/tex] = volume of NaOH solution = 42.24 ml
[tex]M_2[/tex] = molarity of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] solution = ?M
[tex]V_2[/tex] = volume of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] solution = 25 ml
[tex]n_1[/tex] = valency of [tex]NaOH[/tex] = 1
[tex]n_2[/tex] = valency of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] = 3
[tex]1\times (0.135M)\times 42.24=3\times M_2\times 25[/tex]
[tex]M_2=0.076M[/tex]
Therefore, the concentration of 0.076 M of phosphoric acid of a 25 ml is required to neutralize 42.24 ml of 0.135 M NaOH.
substract 10x +9 from 7x-10
This is a subtraction of expression. You should remember the rules in subtracting or adding expression. You can only add or subtract two terms if they are similar terms which mean they have the same variable with the same exponents.
(7x – 10) – (10x + 9)
You have to distribute the negative to the parenthesis.
7x – 10 – 10x – 9
7x – 10x – 10 – 9
-3x - 19
How do impulses travel from one neuron to another?
Which type of map projection uses a cone-shaped piece of paper to depict the Earth?
What is the molality of a solution that contains 75.2 grams of AgClO4 in 885 grams of benzene? Question 5 options: 0.41 m 4.10 m 8.20 m 0.83 m
The molality of the solution is 0.41 molal and the correct option is option 1.
What is Molality?
Molality is also known as molal concentration. It is a measure of solute concentration in a solution. The solution is composed of two components; solute and solvent.
The number of moles of solute in a solution corresponding to 1 kg or 1000 g of solvent is known as molality.
Molality = number of moles of solute ÷ mass of solvent in kg
Given,
Mass of AgClO₄ = 75.2g
Mass of benzene = 885g
Molality = number of moles of solute ÷ mass of solvent in kg
moles of AgClO₄ = 75.2 / 207
= 0.363 moles
Molality = 0.363 / 0.885
= 0.41 molal
Therefore, the molality of the solution is 0.41 molal and the correct option is option 1.
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The shape of a molecule is tetrahedral. How many lone pairs are most likely on the central atom
The answer is zero....
Bromophenol blue is the indicator used in detecting the endpoint for the antacid analysis in this experiment. what is the expected color change at the endpoint?
The expected color change at the endpoint using bromophenol blue as an indicator in an antacid analysis experiment is from yellow to blue-violet, indicating a pH rise above 4.
Explanation:In an antacid analysis experiment using bromophenol blue as the indicator, the expected color change at the endpoint is from yellow to blue-violet. Bromophenol blue turns yellow below a pH of about 3 and changes to blue-violet above a pH of about 4. Therefore, when the color change occurs, it is indicating that the pH has risen above 4, signifying the endpoint where neutralization has been achieved in the titration process.
This distinct color transition provides a visual cue for researchers to precisely determine the endpoint of the antacid titration, ensuring accurate measurement and analysis of the reaction's neutralization point.
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What is the relationship between environmental health and our own health
The relationship between environmental health and our own health is intrinsic and multifaceted. Environmental health encompasses the aspects of human health that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors in the environment. It also refers to the theory and practice of assessing, correcting, controlling, and preventing those factors in the environment that can potentially affect adversely the health of present and future generations.
Here are several key points that illustrate the relationship between environmental health and personal health:
1. Exposure to Pollutants: The quality of air, water, and soil can directly impact health. For example, exposure to air pollutants like particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Similarly, contaminated water and soil can lead to a variety of health issues, including gastrointestinal illnesses and heavy metal poisoning.
2. Chemical Safety: The use of pesticides, herbicides, and industrial chemicals can have toxic effects on humans. Exposure to these chemicals, whether through direct contact or through the food chain, can increase the risk of cancer, reproductive issues, and developmental problems.
3. Climate Change: Changes in climate can affect health in numerous ways, including an increase in heat-related illnesses, the spread of vector-borne diseases (such as malaria and Lyme disease), and the impact of extreme weather events on mental health.
4. Natural Resources: Access to clean water, nutritious food, and natural spaces for recreation and relaxation contributes to good health. Conversely, a lack of these resources can lead to malnutrition, dehydration, and increased stress levels.
5. Built Environment: The design of our communities, including housing, transportation, and recreational facilities, influences physical activity levels, exposure to noise and light pollution, and opportunities for social interaction, all of which affect health outcomes.
6. Occupational Health: Workplace environments can expose individuals to hazardous conditions, dangerous materials, and stressful situations, which can lead to occupational diseases and injuries.
7. Social Determinants of Health: Environmental health also includes social and economic factors, such as access to education, healthcare, and safe neighborhoods. These factors can have a profound impact on health disparities and life expectancy.
8. Mental Health: The environment can influence mental health through factors such as noise pollution, overcrowding, and lack of green spaces, which can contribute to stress, anxiety, and depression.
In summary, environmental health is a critical determinant of the health of individuals and populations. By understanding and addressing the environmental factors that affect health, we can work towards creating healthier living conditions and reducing the burden of disease. Public health initiatives that focus on improving environmental quality, such as reducing pollution, promoting sustainable practices, and ensuring access to clean water and nutritious food, are essential for enhancing the health and well-being of current and future generations.
Caustic soda is 19.1 M NaOH and is diluted for household use. What is the household concentration if 10 mL of the concentrated solution is diluted to 400 mL?
To calculate the household concentration of NaOH after dilution, use the formula M1V1 = M2V2, which results in a final molarity of 0.4775 M when diluting 10 mL of 19.1 M NaOH to a total volume of 400 mL.
Explanation:Calculating the Household Concentration of Diluted NaOH
When diluting a concentrated solution of NaOH for household use, the concentration of the solution changes. To find the new concentration after dilution, we apply the principle of conservation of moles, which states that the moles of solute before dilution are equal to the moles of solute after dilution. The formula for this is M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 is the initial molarity, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final molarity, and V2 is the final volume.
In this case, we have:
Initial molarity (M1) = 19.1 M (concentrated NaOH)
Initial volume (V1) = 10 mL (the amount of concentrated NaOH being diluted)
Final volume (V2) = 400 mL (the total volume after dilution)
To find the final molarity (M2), simply rearrange the equation to solve for M2:
M2 = (M1V1) / V2
Substitute the known values:
M2 = (19.1 M * 10 mL) / 400 mL = 0.4775 M
Thus, the household concentration of NaOH after dilution is 0.4775 M.
The balanced net ionic equation for the neutralization reaction involving equal molar amounts of hno3 and koh is ________.
Final answer:
The balanced net ionic equation for the neutralization reaction involving equal molar amounts of HNO3 and KOH is H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l), illustrating the direct interaction between hydrogen and hydroxide ions to form water.
Explanation:
The balanced net ionic equation for the neutralization reaction involving equal molar amounts of HNO3 and KOH is represented by the equation:
H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l)
This equation demonstrates that the hydrogen ion (H+) from nitric acid (HNO3) combines with the hydroxide ion (OH−) from potassium hydroxide (KOH) to form water (H2O). The potassium ion (K+) and the nitrate ion (NO3−) are spectator ions and do not participate in the reaction. Therefore, they are not included in the net ionic equation. Neutralization reactions like this involve the combination of an acid and a base to produce water as one of the products.
which of the following solar phenomena is thought to cause short-term climate changes
In which relationship stage are the individuals in the following scenario?
Heather and Mona became good friends about ten years ago. For the last year, though, things haven't been the same. They no longer make the effort to meet up for lunch or go shopping together. They try to remember to call on birthdays and holidays, but sometimes they forget.
terminating
differentiating
stagnating
circumscribing
avoiding
Differentiating is a process of loosing or separating. During this stage, variations between the relationship associates are highlighted and what was considered to be connections starts to crumble. The people avoid discussing the relationship because they believe they understand what the other will respond.
Write a chemical equation that shows the release of hydroxide ions as each of these bases dissolves in water.
a. koh(s), potassium hydroxide
b. ba(oh)2(s), barium hydroxide
The chemical equations show the release of hydroxide ions for the given bases:
[tex]KOH \longrightarrow K^+ + OH^-[/tex]
[tex]Ba(OH)_2 \longrightarrow Ba^{2+} +2 OH^-[/tex]
What are acids and bases?An acid can be defined as any substance that is the ability to donate a proton in an aqueous solution. A base is a molecule or ion that is capable to donate a hydroxide ion in an aqueous solution.
Acidic substances are generally characterized by sour taste and can donate an H⁺ ion. Bases are characterized by a bitter taste and when bases react with acids, they give salts and water as products. Acids turn blue litmus into red while bases turn red litmus into blue.
When the potassium hydroxide is base when dissolved in water it gives potassium cation (K⁺) and hydroxide ion (OH⁻). When the barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂) is dissolved in water it gives the barium (Ba²⁺) and two ions of hydroxide.
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When assigning electrons to orbitals, which would be the most likely 'address' for the next electron following the 5s2 electron? 5s3 5p1 4d1 5d1
Filling of electrons in an orbitals takes place by using following rules:
Aufbau rule: Filling of electrons takes place in an energy levels in the increasing order of energy that is the one having lowest energy will fill first.
Hunds rule: No second electron will be filled in an orbital until each orbital occupies a single electron.
Pauli exclusion principle: No two electrons can have same spin in an orbital.
So here also also the rules must be applied in filling electrons , by Aufbau rule, energy level that is having lower energy in this case after 5s it will be 4d¹, will fill first. So the answer is 4d¹.
Describe a consequence of overpopulation of deer in the forest areas of the northeastern United States
What is true about the element Francium (Fr, atomic number 87)? choose 3
A. It has seven valence electrons
B. It is likely to form ionic bonds
C. It is a nonmetal
D. It is in period Seven
E. It is a metal
Answer :
(B) It is likely to form ionic bonds
(D) It is in period seven
(E) It is a metal
Explanation :
Francium is an element whose symbol is 'Fr' and atomic number is 87.
Group 1 alkali metals consists elements Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium and Francium. Periodic table also shown below.
Francium belongs to the group 1 (alkali metal) and it is in period seven.
It has one valence electron, the electronic configuration of Francium is [Rn} [tex]7s^{1}[/tex].
Alkali metals have tendency to form ionic compounds because they have +1 charge.
The correct statements about Francium (Fr, atomic number 87) are that it is likely to form ionic bonds, is in period seven, and is a metal.
Explanation:The element Francium (Fr, atomic number 87) has several characteristics based on its position in the periodic table. Firstly, as an element in Group 1, it has one valence electron which makes statement A incorrect. This single valence electron also means Francium is highly probable to form ionic bonds with nonmetals seeking to gain electrons, making statement B true. Francium is not a nonmetal, so statement C is false. Statement D is correct as Francium is located in period seven of the periodic table. Lastly, because Francium is in Group 1, it is indeed an alkali metal, making statement E true. Therefore, the correct statements about Francium are B, D, and E.