Answer:B- Removal of oxygen.
Explanation:
This is because oxygen is the final acceptor of electrons in the process of ATPs synthesis called CHEMIOSMOSIS in both mitochondrial and chloroplast. In its absence Electron transport chain will take not place because NAD+ will not be regenerated to supply energy for ETC and therefore no ATP synthesis.
As electron moves from a protein carrier at a higher energy level to another one at lower energy level in the thylakoids membranes of chloroplasts and inner mitochondrial membranes of mitochondrial; ENERGY is released. Part of this energy is used to pump H+ /protons from the inner membrane of mitochondrial and thylakoid membranes of chloroplast into the outer Cytosols. The proton were produced from the splitting of hydrogen atoms attached to the coenzymes NADH+ (oxidation of NADH+ to NAD+) and FADH
Continuous pumping of these ions from constant supply of energy by electron movement uphill and downhill, created higher concentration gradients of hydrogen ions in the Cytosols compared to inner stroma of chloroplasts and matrix of mitochondria
These higher concentration gradients drive down protons along the protein channels for hydrogen ions to reach ATPase synthase. ( protein that transfer energy from hydrogen ions for ATPs synthesis) it is located in the hydrogen ions channels.
It catalysis the reaction or phosphorylation of inorganic phosphate with Adenosine diphosphates to form adenosine triphosphate.
(Adenosine diphosphates)ADP + ( Pi ) inorganic phosphate ---- > ATP (adenosine triphosphate.) .
Oxygen on reaching the final protein carrier, it picks up proton, and electron to form water ,end of cellular respiration.
In the absence of oxygen, electron transport chain cannot take place because no oxygen to accept the final electron, therefore no electron will be available for Electron transport chain to transport for ENERGY needed for pumping protons, As a result no ATP will be generated as shown above, since regeneration of NAD+ will be stopped.
An injury to the temporal lobe will likely impair the function of the ________.
Answer:
An injury to the temporal lobe will likely impair the function of the memory.
Explanation:
The temporal lobe is responsible for interpreting sounds and integrating hearing and language comprehension, it allows the processing of language in general and processes immediate events in recent and long-term memory. Part of the left temporal lobe controls the understanding of language. An injury on this part will affect the verbal memory, being significantly altered, as well as the ability to understand language. An injury on certain parts of the right temporal lobe, memory for sounds and music is affected.
What would be the expected frequency of dewlap extensions a pushups in males while in the presence of females and a predator vs versus. in the presence of a female alone?
A) Higher frequency for dewlap extension and lower frequency for pushups
B) Lower frequency for both dewlap extension and pushups.
C) Higher frequency for both dewlap extension and pushups
D) Lower frequency of dewlap extension and higher frequency for pushups
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The correct answer is option B
B) Lower frequency for both dewlap extension and push ups.
After a predatory attack, both dewlap extension and pushup decreases whereas during mating with the female both dewlap extension and pushup tend to increase. So, from the above comparison we can say that expected frequency of dewlap extensions a pushups in males while in the presence of females and a predator decreases.
The frequency of dewlap extensions is expected to be lower and pushups higher in the presence of both a female and a predator due to the need to balance courtship and predator avoidance. X-linked recessive traits are more frequently observed in males, a recombination frequency of 0 indicates perfect linkage, and a frequency of 0.5 shows independent assortment.
Explanation:The expected frequency of dewlap extensions and pushups in males while in the presence of females and a predator versus in the presence of a female alone would likely differ based on the context of the situation. In the presence of a predator, it is reasonable to expect that the males might suppress typical courtship behaviors like dewlap extensions to avoid attracting attention, thus resulting in a lower frequency of dewlap extension. However, pushups might be used more frequently in a defensive or territorial display to discourage predators. Therefore, the answer could be D) Lower frequency of dewlap extension and higher frequency for pushups. This context-based behavior allows the individual to balance the needs of reproduction with survival.
Review question specifics:
X-linked recessive traits are observed more frequently in males than in females because males have only one X chromosome, thus any recessive trait present on that X chromosome will be expressed, while females have two X chromosomes and a recessive trait would have to be present on both to be expressed.A recombination frequency of 0 corresponds to perfect linkage and violates the law of independent assortment, indicating that two genes are so close together on a chromosome that they do not get separated by recombination.A recombination frequency of 0.5 corresponds to independent assortment and the absence of linkage, which means that the genes assort independently of each other, as they are on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome.Whose duties include operation of the National Response Coordination Center, the effective support of all Emergency Support Functions, and, more generally, preparation for, protection against, response to, and recovery from all-hazards incidents? A. Secretary of Homeland Security B. The President C. DHS Director of Operations Coordination D. FEMA Administrator
Answer:
The correct answer is D. FEMA Administrator.
Explanation:
The FEMA's (The Federal Emergency Management Agency) main purpose is to handle disasters that overcome the state's power. In this case, this agency includes the National Response Coordination Center and the Emergency Support Functions.
Answer:
The duties of operation of the National Response Coordination Center, the effective support of all Emergency Support Functions, and, more generally, preparation for, protection against, response to, and recovery from all-hazards incidents fall into:
A. Secretary of Homeland Security
Explanation:
The Fema Administrator is the direct coordinator of the National Response Coordination Center under FEMA command, However, they both are coordinated or commanded by the Secretary of homeland security. He is the one in charge to plan the project in which the federation of states will respond and be prepared for any hazard that might threaten the country. The defining factor for this answer is that the FEMA acts after one of the states have asked for help. While the secretary is constantly reacting to all problems.
The sarcomere shortens when the myosin heads of the thick filaments. True or false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
A muscle tissue get shortened only when the sarcomere changes structurally. Myosin form cross bridges with the actin as they head towards the thick filament. Myosin then pulls the thin filaments and shortens the sarcomeres thereby shortening the skeletal muscles. This process continues till the active sites on actin remain exposed and there is ample availability of calcium ion and ATP.
Hence, the given statement is true
Consider a Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion assay. If you put penicillin and streptomycin disks adjacent to one another, the zone of inhibition is greater than that obtained by either disk alone. This is an example of __________.
a.RNA interference
b.mutual exclusion
c.synergism
d.antagonism
Answer:
This is an example of synergism.
Explanation:
synergism is the motion of two or more than two trans- acting agents that given at a same time which is greater than the sum of activity had those agents if given separately. They are steroid receptors, which acts as response for saturating concentration of the steroids. The synergism of the steroid receptors among themselves or with anti-infective factors at saturating concentration of steroid has showed to be very important component for steroid regulated gene transcription.
Regulation of gene expression helps organisms adjust to their environment. Single-celled organisms are directly exposed to their environment when it changes. In terms of regulation of gene expression, how do these single-celled organisms deal with their changing environments?
Answer:
To deal with their changing environments, the single-celled organisms develop adaptation mechanisms.
Explanation:
All cells have the means to adapt to the changes that occur in their surrounding space, especially since this changes all the time.
In order to realize these changes, each cell had to produce a modification in its biochemical composition. Among them are the changes produced in the enzymatic molecules, either in their activities or in the rates of synthesis of the new molecules.
Initially, the detection of changes in the environment was detected within each cell, allowing the detected chemicals to bind directly to the proteins found in the cells, allowing them to modify their activity.
Later, more mechanisms were developed to recognize these changes, without the need for chemicals to enter the cell.
But this time, it was the proteins that joined the chemicals, and this caused the structure of the protein to change.
All multicellular organisms began being single-celled, where they only interacted with each other to compete for resources. But then they evolved to form colonies, which contained cells that interacted together being differentiated cells.
Through this process, the cells were able to create responses to changes in the environment and through complex gene expression processes they will be able to form a complex organism.
You have chosen to study the genetics of snapdragon flower color. True-breeding red-flowered plants crossed with true-breeding white-flowered plants generate all pink-flowered F1 offspring. When the F1 offspring are crossed, you get the following numbers of F2 offspring: 24 red, 54 pink, and 22 white. You interpret this inheritance pattern as
A. blending.
B. epistasis.
C. pleiotropy.
D. codominance.
E. incomplete dominance.
Answer:
Incomplete dominance.
Explanation:
Mendel is known as the father of genetics. He had explained the different inheritance pattern present in different organisms. The Mendel explained the law of segregation, law of independent assortment and concept of dominance.
The incomplete dominance may be defined as the inheritance pattern in which the dominant trait is unable to express it self completely in the heterozygous condition and blending traits are produced. Here, the red color is unable to express itself in the heterozygous condition and produce pink color.
Thus, the correct answer is option (E).
14 peas are generated from parents having the green/yellow pair of genes, so there is a 0.75 probability that an individual pea will have a green pod. Find the probability that among the 14 offspring peas, at least 13 have green pods. Is it unusual to get at least 13 peas with green pods when 12 offspring peas are generated? Why or why not?
Can proteins in the plasma membrane move around the membrane? Why is this characteristic beneficial to the cell?
Answer:
Yes they can
Explanation:
Based on the fluid mosaic model of the lipidic bilayer of the membranes we know that proteins embedded in it have the ability to undergo translational diffusion. Membrane fluidity is important to the cell because is associated to transport rates, it can respond to the necessities of the organism, for example, in some organisms this fluidity can be modified by temperature stress or according to their nutrient necessities.
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The human metallothionein IIA gene (hMTIIA) is transcriptionally regulated through the interplay of regulatory elements and transcription factors. What is the function of this gene, and how is it regulated by environmental circumstances?
Answer:
The correct answer is - regulation of the heavy metal and their toxicity.
Explanation:
Metallothionein is a group of cysteine-rich, small in size, and highly conserved proteins that bind to various metal ions and regulate their activity or toxicity in transcriptional level.
Metallothionein IIA is one of the metallothioneins that binds to heavy metal and helps cells to be protected from the toxicity of these heavy metals. These proteins are present in almost every eukaryotic organisms virtually. These proteins are highly induced to express highly in the present of heavy metals.
Thus, the correct answer is - regulation of the heavy metal and their toxicity.
If a true-breeding blue-flowered plant was crossed with a true-breeding white-flowered plant, what phenotypic ratio would we observe in the progeny resulting from this cross? Assume the white-flowered trait is completely dominant.A. 100 percent blueB. 100 percent whiteC. 75 percent blue, 25 percent whiteD. 100 percent light blueE. Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
Answer:
B. 100 percent white
Explanation:
According to Mendel's law of dominance, the dominant allele of a gene masks the expression of the recessive allele in a heterozygous state. Therefore, when two pure breeding plants that differ with respect to one genetic trait are crossed, the progeny expresses only the dominant phenotype. Here, one allele should be completely dominant over the other. The allele for the white flowers is completely dominant over the allele for the blue flowers.
Let' assume that the allele "W" imparts white color to the flowers while the allele "w" gives blue color. When a true-breeding blue-flowered plant (ww) is crossed with a true-breeding white-flowered plant (WW), the progeny would be heterozygous for the dominant allele "W" and would exhibit "white color of flowers" (the dominant trait).
WW (white-flowered plant) x ww (blue-flowered plant) = Ww (white-flowered plant)
In cats, black fur color is caused by an X-linked allele; the other allele at this locus causes orange color. The heterozygote is tortoiseshell. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a black female and an orange male?
A. black females; orange males
B. orange females; black males
C. orange females; orange males
D. tortoiseshell females; black males
E. tortoiseshell females; tortoiseshell males
Tortoiseshell females; black males are the kinds of offspring that I would expect from the cross of a black female and an orange male.
Explanation:
In the above question the cats of black for is caused by an allele which is linked in x. Also, we get to know that the zygote is heterozygote and it is of tortoise cell. The offspring contains the father of tortoise shell in females because of the xx zygote and the main contains black for because of the xy zygote.
It is known as dominance of the traits over the recessive traits. It also occurs in all the human beings and animals. The trait which is dominant is shown in the offspring and the trait which is recessive gets hidden. It can also be calculated through Punnett square.
Which statement is not true regarding substrate channeling?
a. It makes the kinetics of the complex so rapid as to prevent it from being the rate‑limiting step(s) of a pathway
b. It prevents intermediates from feeding into other pathways
c. It increases the local concentration of substrates
d. It prevents intermediates from diffusing away from the active sites
Answer:
It makes the kinetics of the complex so rapid as to prevent it from being the rate-limiting step(s) of a pathway is not true regarding substrate channelling
Explanation:
Substrate channelling is the transfer of transitional metabolic products of one enzyme straightly to other enzyme or any active site without its release into solution.The metabolic pathway can be made more rapid and also efficient than it would actually be through channelling if enzymes could have been randomly designed. It occurs in many ways like in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex may be tryptophan synthase or can be dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase.
Your next door neighbor has been working outside all day on a project in her backyard. When you go over to visit her, you find her sitting outside on a lawn chair. She seems to be disoriented and has rapid, shallow breathing. Her skin is also bright red and hot to the touch. Which of the following might you suspect?
Answer:
Heat Stroke.
Explanation:
Those seem like heat stroke symptoms, especially since she was out there all day. I hope that's one of your options!
Answer:She is out of breath.
Explanation:She was workingvery long and it is hot outside.
Which of these biomes receives the least amount of rainfall, and therefore has low primary production, nutrient-poor soil, and plant species that are adapted for water-storage? alpine savannah desert tundra chaparral
Answer:
tundra alpine chaparral
Explanation:
Suppose a new form of DNA polymerase III is discovered that does not require a primer to begin synthesis of a new strand. All other properties of the enzyme remain unchanged. If this new enzyme were to be expressed in the same organism that normally expresses DNA polymerase III, what would no longer be necessary to completely replicate all of the cellular DNA?A. DNA polymerase IB. telomeraseC. DNA ligaseD. DNA helicaseE. single strand-binding protein
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-A
Explanation:
DNA replication is the process of making replicas of the DNA from the parent DNA strands mediated by the replication enzymes and the ATP.
DNA polymerase is the enzyme which adds a nucleotide to the 3' end of the growing polypeptide chain thus synthesizing the DNA strand in 5' to 3' direction.DNA polymerase requires an RNA primer sequence and DNA polymerase I to add nucleotides.
Since in the given question, a new DNA polymerase III does not require RNA primer which helps in the synthesis of the Okazaki fragments or the lagging strand, therefore, the cell will also no longer require DNA polymerase I as DNA polymerase I fill the gaps between the Okazaki frangments.
Thus, option-A is the correct answer.
A circular bit of DNA that replicates independent of a bacterium’s chromosome is called a /an _____. It has been used to slip a non-bacterial gene into a bacterium, which will cause the bacterium to make a chemical that we want?
Answer:
The correct answer will be-Plasmid
Explanation:
Plasmids are the extra-circular chromosomal segments present in the bacteria which provides very important functions to the bacteria.
The plasmid contains many important genes like the gene to provide resistance against antibiotics and genes for transfer to other bacteria and many others.
The plasmid contains their own origin of replication due to which they can replicate on their own irrespective of the replication of the circular bacterial chromosome.
Thus, the plasmid is the correct answer.
The _____ of a species is usually the result of predation, competition, and other types of interaction between species. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Answer:
Realized niche
Explanation:
Realized niche:
is a set of conditions used by specie after interactions such as competition, predation etc with other species. It can aslo be defined as the actual range of habitats occupied by a species
A client is admitted to the emergency department with reports right lower quadrant pain. Blood specimens are drawn and sent to the laboratory.
Which laboratory finding should be reported to the health care provider immediately?
Answer: The answer is White Blood Cell (WBC) count 22.8/mm3
Explanation:
The nurse is to immediately report increase in the white blood cells. An elevated white blood cell count is a sign of infection. Since the pain is felt in the right lower quadrant it is safe to say it is a problem with the appendix as it is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. An elevated white blood cell count is a sign of infection because the body is releasing white blood cells to fight it off, this suggests a rupture of the client's appendix. The other options ; Hematocrit of 42%, serum potassium of 4.2 mEq/L, and serum sodium of 135 mEq/L are within normal limits and any alterations to them doesn't indicate appendicitis.
The normal White Blood Cell Count ranges between 4500-11,000/mm3
In E. coli, there is a mutation in a gene called dnaB that alters the helicase that normally acts at the origin of replication. Which of the following events would you expect to occur as a result of this mutation?
Answer:
When helicase mutations occur, problems in DNA replication are found. The helicases are proteins that open the 2 strands of DNA to initiate the duplication, they are responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA chains, thus separating the chains, also they have the function of repairing DNA mutations, if there is mutation in the gene that encodes them, various functions will be absent in the cell.
Which of the following best describes Samuel Gompers?
a) Gompers was the founder and first mayor of Pullman, Illinois.
b) Gompers was a labor leader who created the first wildcat strike.
c) Gompers was a US Congressman who was against striking.
d) Gompers was the first president of a huge labor organization.
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
Samuel Gompers was the head of the largest labor federation of America known as American Federation of Labor. This organization comprised of workers that were skilled artisans, weavers, carpenters etc. He also headed the labor movement after actively forming a union of workers in the cigar industry. He himself was a cigar worker and thus could relate to the plight of the people working there. Young aged children were employed in cigar factories and the wage and benefits were not even enough to support survival of one.
Thus, Samuel arouses his voice to stand against the injustices done to the workers in cigar factory which later turned out to be mass movement.
D.He was the first president of the largest labor organization in the world.
Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all EXCEPT which of the following?
a. facial
b. oculomotor
c. trigeminal
d. olfactory
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-D
Explanation:
Cranial nerves are the twelve type of nerves of the peripheral nervous system which innervate or supply to the structures of the neck and head. Mixed cranial nerves are a type of cranial nerves which contain mixtures of both sensory and motor fibers or nerves.
The main nerves of the mixed cranial nerves are the facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerves, trigeminal nerves (control mastication muscles) and the oculomotor (control eye movement). The olfactory nerves transmit the sense of smell to the nasal cavity and are not considered the part of the mixed cranial nerves.
Thus, option-D is the correct answer.
The cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include facial, oculomotor, and trigeminal. However, the olfactory nerve is purely sensory, containing no motor fibers.
Explanation:The cranial nerves that contain both motor and sensory fibers include several, such as the facial, oculomotor, and trigeminal nerves. However, the olfactory nerve is the exception. The olfactory nerve is purely sensory and is responsible for our sense of smell. Therefore, it does not contain any motor fibers, making it the correct answer to the question.
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Which regions of the brain stem carries one-way communications that advise the cerebellum of voluntary motor activities initiated by the motor cortex?
Answer:
pons
Explanation:
The pons are the portion of the brain stem that is located between the medulla and the midbrain. Its function is to connect the spinal cord and spinal bulb with superior structures such as the hemispheres of the brain or cerebellum.
Aminoglycosides A) interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan. B) are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis. C) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis. D) damage cell membranes. E) block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules.
Answer:
The correct answer is C) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis.
Explanation:
Aminoglycosides are the bactericidal drug which kills the bacteria by stopping the protein synthesis in bacteria. This drug binds to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome and cause the misreading of the codon sequence present on mRNA.
This misreading of the mRNA sequence results in the incorporation of the different and wrong amino acids in the polypeptide chain which disrupts protein synthesis. As only bacteria, not humans have 30S ribosomal subunit therefore it does not affect human cells.
So the correct answer is C) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis.
The veterinarian asks you to premedicate a 16 pound Bichon Frise that is in the hospital for a routine castration. He wants you to give hydromorphone at a dosage of 0.05 mg/kg IV. Hydromorphone comes in a concentration of 2 mg/ml. How many milliliters will you draw up into the syringe?
Answer:
0.1812 ml
Explanation:
Please see the attachment
Quang and Nguyen are a married couple. They argue frequently and neither of them listens very well. Still, most of the time they get along well and neither has any thoughts of getting divorced. What term would John Gottman use to describe Quang and Nguyen?a. disengaged couple.b. fatuous couple.c. volatile couple.d. validating couple.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
The term volatile couple John Gottman utilized to describe Quang as well as Nguyen. The correct option is c.
What is volatile couple?Conflict avoiders avoid conflict at all costs, whereas volatile couples are almost extremely emotional.
They start persuading during a disagreement talk right away as well as maintain it throughout.
Quang and Nguyen fit John Gottman's definition of a "volatile relationship" based on the evidence provided.
This terminology renowned to relationships that are passionate and intense but also involve frequent arguments.
The majority of the time, Quang and Nguyen get along well, and neither of them has ever thought getting a divorce, which suggests that their relationship is not "disengaged" or "fatuous."
However, without more details, it is difficult to imply whether they are a "validating" couple who support and listen to one another.
Thus, the correct option is c.
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Classify the descriptions as applying to either borderline personality disorder or antisocial personality disorder.
Answer:
The basic symptoms are:- Hostility, significant irritability, agitation, impulsiveness, aggression, or violence
Explanation:
In borderline personality disorder, the person is on the verge of emotional instability and emotional weakness. They also think that they are worthless and always have feelings of self-doubt. The lack of confidence is also a symptom of this disorder.
In antisocial personality disorder, a person usually doesn't like to socialize with anyone. They hate being surrounded by crowds and in gathering. They always find a way to manipulate others for personal gain. The symptoms are Self-centeredness, a sense of superiority, vanity, and exhibitionism. Recurring difficulties with the law.
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Where are ganglia of the parasympathetic division located? Innervation pathways of the autonomic nervous system. Where are ganglia of the parasympathetic division located? Innervation pathways of the autonomic nervous system. within the medullas of endocrine glands in chains on either side the spinal column near major arteries just as they exit the aorta within or near effector organs
Answer: They are located within or near effector organs
Explanation:
Ganglia are aggregations of neuronal somata and are different in structure and size.
Parasympathetic ganglia are the autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. They are involuntary and act alongside the sympathetic nervous system in order to regulate body homeostasis. They are a division of efferent nerve fibers and ganglia of the autonomic nervous system. They are located near or within the organs in which they innervate.
Ganglia of the parasympathetic division are located within or near effector organs.
Explanation:The ganglia of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are located within or near effector organs. Unlike the sympathetic division, which has ganglia located in chains on either side of the spinal column near major arteries, the parasympathetic ganglia are closer to the organs they innervate. For example, in the digestive system, the ganglia are located within the walls of the intestines and stomach.
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Mutation rates per nucleotide per replication:
- are higher in organisms with larger genomes
- are highest in viruses.
- are lower in organisms with larger genomes.
- are similar across all organisms.
- are highest in bacteria.
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-are highest in viruses.
Explanation:
The mutation is a change or alteration in the nucleotides of a DNA which is the coding molecule of the organisms. Mutations are known as the building blocks of the evolution which introduces variation upon which the natural selection act.
The mutation takes place in every organism on earth but the highest rate of mutation per nucleotide is observed in the RNA viruses which are involved with the adaptability and virulence. The mutation rate is million times higher than their hosts and a small increase in the mutation rate can make them extinct.
Thus, the selected option is the correct answer.
Identify the fluid filled space between the cornea and iris
Answer:
Anterior chamber.
Explanation:
Anterior chamber fluid filled space between the cornea inner most surface called as endothelium and iris inside the eye. Cornea is the transparent, outer, and dome like structure. Its helping in to cover iris, anterior chamber, and pupil. Iris is coloured, flat, and ring shaped membrane present behind the cornea along with pupil in the center of the eye.
Anterior chamber is filled with the fluid which is called as an aqueous humor. It is produced by the capillary body alongside the lens. The fluid first passes between the lenses and iris known as posterior chamber, and then with the help of pupil into the anterior part of the eye.
The space between the cornea and iris, also known as the anterior chamber, is a part of the anterior cavity of the eye and is filled with a fluid called aqueous humor.
Explanation:The fluid-filled space between the cornea and the iris of the eye is called the anterior cavity. This cavity is filled with a watery fluid known as aqueous humor. The eye is divided into two major compartments: the anterior and the posterior cavity. The posterior cavity is located behind the lens, extending to the retina, and is filled with a more viscous fluid called the vitreous humor. To specify, the portion of the anterior cavity between the cornea and the iris is referred to as the anterior chamber.
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