In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert adp + ℗i to atp?

Answers

Answer 1

In the electron transport chain, there are multiple reduction-oxidation reactions that generate a proton gradient between the inner membrane space and the mitrocondrial matrix. The most direct source of energy is the last complex of the electron transport chain wherein the proton gradient goes to the complex called the ATP synthase and produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Related Questions

______ are structures that allow for one-way blood flow through the heart.

Answers

Valves are structures that allow for one-way blood flow through the heart.

The answer is valves. Valves exist all throughout the cardiovascular system, but are especially important in the heart.

The region of our solar system between mercury and mars has very few asteroids, while the region between mars and jupiter has many asteroids. based on what you have learned, what is the most likely explanation for the lack of asteroids between mercury and mars?

Answers

The shorter distance between out planets

When lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid, this is called:?

Answers

This is called pulmonary edema. The accumulation of fluid in the tissue and air spaces of the lungs can can occur either because of a failure of the left heart ventricle to completely remove blood from pulmonary circulation or because of an injury to the lung tissue. Pulmonary edema leads to impaired gas exchange and can result in respiratory failure.

The permanent cessation (stopping) of menstrual cycle is known as

Answers

Menopause is the Answer

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about lawrence kohlberg's theory of moral development. which information provided by the registered nurse regarding postconventional reasoning needs correction?

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The correct answer is that "In this level, emphasis is given on social rules and a community-centered approach."
Lawrence Kohlberg's tiers of moral development represent an adaptation of a psychological theory initially conceived by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. Kohlberg started out paintings in this topic whilst a psychology graduate pupil at the university of Chicago in 1958, and improved upon the concept at some point of his lifestyles.

What process in prophase 1 of meiosis makes every gamete different

Answers

crossing over

that is the process

Final answer:

In prophase I of meiosis, two processes occur that make every gamete different: crossover and random assortment of tetrads.

Explanation:

In prophase I of meiosis, two processes occur that make every gamete different.

Crossover: During prophase I, crossover events between the nonsister chromatids of each homologous pair of chromosomes generate recombinant chromatids with new combinations of genes from the mother and father.Random assortment: The random alignment of tetrads on the metaphase plate produces unique combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes that will make their way into the gametes.

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Emir is taking a premed class where they need to study all of the structures of the body, including the nervous system, respiratory system, and reproductive system. he is taking a class on _____.

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Emir is most probably taking a class on human anatomy. Human anatomy involves all the structures in the composition of the human body. Human anatomy can be studied either by systems (i.e. cardiovascular system, respiratory system, etc.) or by regions (i.e. thoracic anatomy, abdominal anatomy, pelvic anatomy, head and neck anatomy, etc.) depending on the course.

Final answer:

Studying the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system.

Explanation:

The nervous system is one of the key systems studied in anatomy and physiology courses, including aspects of its structures and functions.

Understanding the nervous system involves anatomical and physiological techniques to explore its complexities at different levels.

Students in this course delve into topics like nervous system cells, sensory systems, motor systems, and more as they learn about the nervous system's role in the human body.

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The bottleneck effect is used to describe an event where a population decreases. One example involves the northern elephant seal. They have a reduced genetic variation due to a population bottleneck humans inflicted on them in the 1890s. Hunting reduced their population size to as few as 20 individuals at the end of the 19th century. Their population has since rebounded to over 30,000, but they have much less genetic variation than a population of southern elephant seals that was not so intensely hunted. Which phrase best explains this change if gene frequency?

Answers

I think the best phrase to describe this would be Founder effects. Founder effects occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population. This small population size means that the colony may have; a non-random sample of genes in the original population. Reduced variation from the original population.. According to Bottlenecks and founder effects, genetic drift can cause big losses of genetic variation for small populations.

genetic drift !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

A warning sign of the female athlete triad includes:

Answers

A warning sign of a female athlete triad includes fatigue, weight loss, and bone loss.

Which statement describes a species that is at carrying capacity?

Answers

The number of births equals the number of deaths

*brainliest answer if possible

Which of the following is a possible future milestone in environmental policy?

a.

water pollution policy

b.

implementation of a cap and dividend policy

c.

mandatory environmental assessments

d.

environmental impact statements

Answers

The right answer is mandatory environmental assessments.

Environmental assessment refers to the assessment of a place, strategy, plan, program or scheme with respect to its environmental consequences. It, therefore, includes an assessment of the composition and conditions of the biophysical environment (the abiotic part of the environment) and the human and non-human environment (the living).

The characterization of the state and environmental trends is based on in situ observation, but also on retrospective and possibly prospective data. The evaluator also calculates, models or estimates anthropogenic pressures on the environment, as well as the impacts of human-based management processes.

A site, strategy, plan, program, or scheme is assessed in terms of how it will affect the environment as part of an environmental assessment.

What is Environmental policy?

As a result, it also evaluates the human and non-human environments as well as the biophysical environment (the abiotic portion of the environment) (the living).

In situ observation, as well as past and maybe future data, are used to characterize the status and environmental trends.

Additionally, the evaluator evaluates, models, or estimates the effects of human-based management procedures as well as anthropogenic pressures on the environment.

Therefore, A site, strategy, plan, program, or scheme is assessed in terms of how it will affect the environment as part of an environmental assessment.

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Which of these statements is true for restriction enzymes? each restriction enzyme is able to make a staggered cut at its recognition site. a given restriction enzyme will always recognize the same dna sequence, but it will cut differently depending on the species of origin of the dna. a different restriction enzyme must be used to open the vector dna than to excise the gene sequence to be cloned. any restriction enzyme can cut any piece of dna. restriction enzymes are useful in genetic engineering when they make staggered cuts in dna?

Answers

the 1st one is correct.:)

What is unique about transduction compared to normal bacteriophage infection? what is unique about transduction compared to normal bacteriophage infection? the bacteriophage takes fragments of the cell with it during transduction. the bacteriophage does not erupt from an infected cell during transduction. transduction transfers dna from the chromosome of one cell to another?

Answers

The correct answers are:
(1) The bacteriophage takes fragments of the cell with it during transduction
(2) The bacteriophage does not erupt from an infected cell during transduction.
(3) Transduction transfers DNA from the chromosome of one cell to another.

Transduction is the process wherein a bacteriophage (a virus) injects foreign DNA to be incorporated in the bacterial genetic material. Usually the most common differentiating feature between bacteriophage infection and transduction is that infection is usually destructive and lytic as the bacteriophage uses the bacteria for its own self-replication then it will erupt from the bacteria.

Final answer:

Transduction is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria where the bacteriophage takes fragments of the infected cell's DNA and transfers it to another bacterium. This is unique compared to normal bacteriophage infection where the bacteriophage does not take fragments of the cell with it and it erupts from the infected cell.

Explanation:

Transduction is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria where genes are transferred through viral infection. It is unique compared to normal bacteriophage infection because, during transduction, the bacteriophage takes fragments of the infected cell's DNA and transfers it to another bacterium. This results in the transfer of DNA from the chromosome of one cell to another. In normal bacteriophage infection, the bacteriophage does not take fragments of the cell with it and it erupts from the infected cell.

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The average threshold for human hearing is the tick of a watch from ______ under very quiet conditions.

Answers

I believe the answer is 20 feet. According to McBurney and Collings, the average threshold of human hearing is the tick of a watch from 20 feet in very quiet condition.
The human hearing range is a description of the pitches and loudness levels a person can hear before feeling discomfort. There is a variety of sounds in our environment, ranging from faint sounds like birdsong and rustling leaves to louder sounds like music, yelling, and industrial noise.

At a hydrothermal vent, _____.

seawater seeps into the ocean floor through cracks in the crust

seawater seeps out of the ocean floor through cracks in the crust

bacteria and other organisms die due to lack of nutrients

Answers

0The appropriate answer is B. Seawater seeps out of the ocean floor through cracks in the crust.

Hydrothermal vent occur at mid oceanic ridges that stretch along the ocean floor. These regions mark the boundary where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other.
This is called a divergent plate boundary. As the plate moves apart magma from the mantle upwells and heats water in the crust. This super heated, mineral rich water is released through hydrothermal vents.

ANSWER
B.seawater seeps into the ocean floor through cracks in the crust

____ 15. which excretory organ eliminates water and some chemical wastes in perspiration?

Answers

I think the answer is skin. Skin contains sweat glands which secrete a fluid waste called sweat or perspiration; nonetheless, its primary functions are temperature control and release of pheromone. Its role as a part of the excretory is therefore minimal. Additionally, sweating also maintains the levels of salt in the body.

Final answer:

The skin is the excretory organ responsible for eliminating water and some chemical wastes through perspiration.

Explanation:

The excretory organ that eliminates water and some chemical wastes in perspiration is the skin. The skin contains sweat glands that produce sweat, which is a way for the body to regulate temperature and remove excess water, salts, and a small amount of urea. This role in excretion makes the skin an important part of the excretory system, which also includes other organs such as the kidneys, liver, lungs, and large intestine. Each of these organs contributes to eliminating different types of waste from the body.

Which one of these is characteristic of cancer cells ?

Answers

Cancer cells do not undergo apoptosis, which is where where the cells are signaled to self destruct. They do not respond to growth inhibitors. The only answer choice left is that they exhibit metastasis, which they do.

Answer:

The answer is A

undergo apoptosis

Explanation:

I hope this helped

An ecologist is studying the painted turtle population in a small pond. at the beginning of the year, there are 100 individuals. over the course of a year, 40 turtles are born and 60 die. there is no migration. what is the growth rate (r) of the painted turtle population?

Answers

To answer this question, first calculate the birth rate. Out of 100 individuals, 40 were born. Therefore, the birth rate is:
40/100 = 0.4

Then calculate the death rate. Out of 100 individuals, 60 died. Therefore the death rate is:
60/100 = 0.6

Finally, subtract the death rate from the birth rate to obtain the growth rate:

0.4 - 0.6 = -0.2

Therefore, in this case, the growth rate is negative and the population is in decline.

A placebo is a substance that is unlikely to affect the dependent variable true or false ?

Answers

that would be true :)

Answer:

true

Explanation:

apex

blue jays and robins do not interbreed. assuming that blue jays and robins share the same habitat, describe the possible conditions that keep these bird reproductively isolated. explain your answer.

Answers

Since the two species co-inhabit the same habitat, habitat isolation can be disregarded as a factor keeping the two species separate. There are however some other broad categories of mechanisms for reproductive isolation. One is behaviour. Many birds in particular have very specific mating rituals, including mating dances, particular bird song, the development of specific mating plumage, the release of specific pheromones and the building of a particular nest structure. Another broad category is mechanical isolation. You will find that the genital organs of particular species are very specific, and preclude other close species from successfully mating. Another broad category is gametic isolation. For most species combinations, it is not possible for the gametes to fuse successfully to form a hybrid. If hybrid games do fuse, in many cases, the hybrids are sterile, such as mules for example.

Birth control pills are a popular form of contraception for women. How do birth control pills prevent pregnancy?
A.by covering the cervix and blocking sperm from entering the uterus
B.by blocking the Fallopian tubes and keeping the eggs from reaching the uterus
C.by introducing female hormones that prevent the ovaries from releasing eggs

Answers

C.by introducing female hormones that prevent the ovaries from releasing eggs

A patient who has been diagnosed with tuberculosis states, "i am not taking my medication, because i cannot afford it." which ethical practices does the nurse demonstrate by implementing a social service consult to assist the patient in obtaining the medication needed for treatment? select all that apply.

Answers

The nurse who implements a social service consult to assist a patient, who cannot afford his/her medication in obtaining the medication needed for treatment is demonstrating:
1. Patient Advocacy
2. Community Advocacy

Although the actions of the nurse, as described above will ensure that the patient obtains the required medication, it cannot in any way ensure the patient's adherence to the treatment plan.

Why is getting accurate numbers for the rate of child abuse so difficult?

Answers

The reason that it is hard to obtain accurate number is because many child abuse cases are not reported. Being a child that is growing up in a abusive life may think that it is okay to be hit or to call others name; that’s the main reason why when they grow up as adult they will be also abusive as a person.

What does the Nucleus contain? What role do its contents play in the cell?

Answers

What role do its contents play in the cell? The Nucleus contains DNA, which is structured in the form of genes on chromosomes. Genes provide the information for the cell to carry out its functions.

The nucleus significantly contains the genetic material of living organisms. It is responsible for encoding genetic characteristics within the individual. It is also known as the "controlling center of the cell."

What is Nucleus?

The nucleus was first discovered by Robert Brown. It possesses a double-layer covering called a nuclear membrane. It contains pores that allow the transfer of material. It also contains chromosomes that are only visible during the time of cell division.

The nucleus contains nucleolus which is rich in protein and RNA. It is also known as the factory of ribosomes and is helpful in protein synthesis. Nucleus also helps in the transfer of genetic information from one generation to another.

Therefore, the nucleus significantly contains the genetic material of living organisms.

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Suppose you observed 455 individual cockroaches in the infested apartment after 5 years of exposure to hydramethylnon + glucose bait. if the population had not evolved, how many individuals of each genotype would you expect? round your answers to the nearest whole number. (for help getting started, see hint 1.)

Answers

This question is unfortunately incomplete. Let' say the allele for glucose- avoiding cockroaches is 'A' and let's say the allele for non glucose-avoiding cockroaches is 'B'. The previous part of this question determined that the frequency of 'A' in the population is 0.94 (a = 0.94) whereas the frequency of allele 'B' in the population is 0.06 (b = 0.06). Since the population has not evolved, you can assume the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Therefore, the frequencies of the genotypes AA, AB and BB can be calculated through: a^2 + 2ab + b^2 = 1 where a^2 is the frequency of AA2ab is the frequency of AB and b^2 is the frequency of BB.
Therefore, the frequency of AA = 0.8836, the frequency of AB = 0.1128 and the frequency of BB is 0.0036. To determine the number of individuals in the population for each genotype, multiply the frequencies by the total population.
Therefore, number of individuals of AA = 402, AB = 51, BB = 2
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One group of reptiles, exemplified by the fossil archaeopteryx, led to the evolution of ________.

Answers

The correct answer to this question is modern-day birds. Archaeopteryx is generally regarded as the oldest known bird and the transition between dinosaurs and birds. This was a genus of bird-like dinosaurs that lived during the Late Jurassic 150 million years ago.

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Based on early observations, including those in the table below, scientists proposed that the continents were once together but had drifted apart. However, scientists could not identify anything that would make them move. New technology, such as a worldwide network of earthquake detectors, led to new observations. Then scientists proposed that Earth’s surface was divided into tectonic plates that would move as a result of forces linked to earthquakes and the formation of new ocean floor.

How are continental drift and plate tectonics related?

Continental drift was the hypothesis that led to the theory of plate tectonics.

Continental drift was the theory that became the law of plate tectonics.

The theory of continental drift was modified based on the new observations to become the theory of plate tectonics.

The theory of continental drift was proven false, and the law of plate tectonics took its place.

Answers

"Continental drift was the hypothesis that led to the theory of plate tectonics" is the way that continental drift and plate tectonics are related. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the first option. The earth is considered to be made up of giant lumps of rocks. When these rocks moved apart, continents separated from the Hypothesis

The peak of synaptic overproduction in the _____ takes place at around one year of age.

Answers

The answer is prefrontal cortex. To simplify, the top of synaptic overproduction in the prefrontal cortex takes place at around one year of age. The prefrontal cortex is the area of the brain where higher-level thinking and self-regulation occur. In addition, the prefrontal cortex is a part of the brain situated at the front of the frontal lobe. It is concerned in a diversity of complex behaviors as well as planning and greatly contributes to character development in which the prominent version of prefrontal cortex purpose is that single neurons within the prefrontal cortex uphold illustrations of task-relevant stimuli in working memory.

What are the possible offspring outcomes if Parent 1, Tt, crosses with Parent 2, tt?

TT, tt Tt, tt, All tt

Answers

The possible outcomes are Tt and tt.

Answer:

The possible outcomes are Tt and tt.

Explanation:

He human gene egfr located on chromosome 7 is a proto-oncogene that codes for a growth factor cell surface receptor. the binding of growth factors to this receptor can lead to cell proliferation. hypothesize what potential impact a mutated egfr allele will have on a cell. give one possible impact and explain your answer

Answers

A mutated EGFR gene may cause the up-regulation of the growth factor receptors. This causes an abnormally high levels growth factor response to occur even when growth factors have not bound the receptor causing the epidermal cells to proliferate. This unregulated growth causes cancer such as adenocarcinoma.

The mutated EGFR allele leads to development of cancer.

Further Explanation:

Proto-oncogenes are the genes that induces normal cells to become cancerous if they are mutated which is dominant in nature.

The mutated proto-oncogene becomes oncogene when mutated. Most of the time proto-oncogene encodes proteins which stimulates the cell to divide, inhibit cell differentiation and prevents cell death and these processes is crucial for normal development and maintenance of organs. But oncogenes shows higher cell division, decreased cell differentiation and cell death inhibition which is the characteristics of cancer cell.

EGFR or Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor functions in regulating the epithelial tissue developmental process and homeostasis. In cancer cells EGFR is inappropriately activated in the cancer cell due to point mutations or transcriptional upregulation. EGFR has also been marked as the biomarker of resistance in tumors.

EGFR are involved in canonical EGFR signaling pathway which is ligand and kinase-dependent.

When there is absence of stimulation, the EGFR is normally found to be in auto-inhibited, incompetent state in plasma membrane. Binding of ligand allows the receptor dimerization which further leads to EGFR kinase activation.

EGFR signaling can be disrupted due to EGFR gene amplification or mutations. Mostly the mutations occurs in glioblastoma and lung cancer. These genetic lesion is accompanied by increase in EGFR ligand production.in certain cases genetic changes determines the abnormal trafficking of EGFR that leads to enhanced signaling and tumor development.

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3. Learn more about meiosis https://brainly.com/question/94813

Answer Details:

Grade: College biology

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Cancer biology

Keywords:

Proto-oncogenes , genes, normal cells, cancerous, dominant, oncogene, proteins, cell, tissues, organs, EGFR, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, homeostasis, resistance, ligand, plasma membrane, signaling, tumor.

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