In eukaryotic cells genes each have a specific combination of regulatory dna sequences. how do these combinations help cells carry out specialized jobs?

Answers

Answer 1
Regulatory Dna Sequences
Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

Gene regulation is the process of controlling which genes in a cell's DNA are expressed.

Gene regulation is also how a cell controls which gene, out of the many genes in its genome, are "turned on".

Eukaryotic gene expression involves many steps, and almost all of them can be regulated. Different genes are regulated at different points, and it’s not uncommon for a gene (particularly an important or powerful one) to be regulated at multiple steps.

-Chromatin accessibility. The structure of chromatin (DNA and its organizing proteins) can be regulated. More open or “relaxed” chromatin makes a gene more available for transcription.

-Transcription. Transcription is a key regulatory point for many genes. Sets of transcription factor proteins bind to specific DNA sequences in or near a gene and promote or repress its transcription into an RNA.

-RNA processing. Splicing, capping, and addition of a poly-A tail to an RNA molecule can be regulated, and so can exit from the nucleus. Different mRNAs may be made from the same pre-mRNA by alternative splicing.

-RNA stability. The lifetime of an mRNA molecule in the cytosol affects how many proteins can be made from it. Small regulatory RNAs called miRNAs can bind to target mRNAs and cause them to be chopped up.

-Translation. Translation of an mRNA may be increased or inhibited by regulators. For instance, miRNAs sometimes block translation of their target mRNAs (rather than causing them to be chopped up).

-Protein activity. Proteins can undergo a variety of modifications, such as being chopped up or tagged with chemical groups. These modifications can be regulated and may affect the activity or behavior of the protein.

Although all stages of gene expression can be regulated, the main control point for many genes is transcription. Later stages of regulation often refine the gene expression patterns that are "roughed out" during transcription.


Related Questions

The nurse is reviewing gender, cultural differences, and ethnic differences of patients with obstructive lung disease. the nurse knows what?

Answers

I thin the nurse knows that  Whites have the highest incidence of cystic fibrosis. Whites have the highest incidence of cystic fibrosis . Cystic Fibrosis is a disease in which a mutated gene causes a thick and sticky mucus to be produced, resulting in mucus build up in the lungs and digestive tract.  Before puberty, boys are affected more with asthma than girls. Female African Americans have the highest mortality rates for Asthma than all ethnic/gender groups. Whites on the other hand have the highest incidence of (COPD), even though higher rates of smoking occur in other ethnic groups..

Blond hair is represented by the filled circles, and brown hair is represented by the empty circles. from this pedigree, what can be said about blond hair color?

Answers

Blond hair is an autosomal recessive allele 

Why would a group of small cells help an organism maintain homeostasis better than one large cell? A. They have more cell structures. B. They have a lower surface-to-volume ratio. C. They have a greater surface-to-volume ratio. D. They have a greater volume.

Answers

A critical part of homeostasis is the tranfer and intake of molecules (whether necessary or not). It is important for the cell to be able to bring necessary nutrients immedriately where it needs to and to be able to dispose of harmful byproducts of the cell process. It is equally important to be able to regulate water concentration. Smaller cells have a bigger surface relative to their volume (their surface scales with R^2 while their volume with R^3 where R is the radius of a cell) and thus exchanges along the cell membrane are favored in comparison to larger cells that need a lot of exchanges but have proportionally less membranes area. While A is not necessarily true, C is definitely true and thus the correct answer.

How do planarians and tapeworms differ in their ability to detect light?

Answers

Planarians have eyespots which help them to sense light. They cant see any clear object but they can tell what is light or dark. Tapeworms dont see anything

Which of the following separates layers of different density?

thermocline

pycnocline

halocline

Answers

pycnocline separates layers of different density.

Answer: Pycnocline separates layers of different density.

The pycnocline is a layer having the greatest density gradient in a water body. Ocean currents are generated due to temperature and salinity differences, wind, gravitational force, Coriolis Effect etc. The density gradient also affects the vertical profile and flow in an ocean. The pycnocline comprises both halocline which is the salinity gradient and thermocline which is the temperature gradient and the density changes rapidly with depth. As density depends on salinity and temperature, pycnocline is a function of both halocline and thermocline.


A galaxy is likely to be a collection of which of the following
1. Universe and interstellar matter
2. Stars and interstellar matter
3. Clusters and constellations***
4 stars and clusters

Answers

3. would be the correct answer 

Answer: Stars and interstellar matter

Explanation:

Clusters are a group of galaxies so that can't be correct. A universe is bigger than a galaxy so it can't be that. Constellations are a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern that is traditionally named after its apparent form or identified with a mythological figure. So the only answer is stars and interstellar matter.

Which type
Of lava would most likely form lava tube caves: a'a or pahoehoe

Answers

It's from the Hawaiian language and means the words "shiny, glassy surface, and smooth". The type of lava you want to know is Pahoehoe lava. Lava tubes are usually floored with it.

Hope this helps! :-)

A limitation of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer is that ________.

Answers

The answer is Retroviruses integrate DNA randomly in the genome. While retroviruses integrate their DNA permanently in their host genome, hence a good tool for gene therapy, its risk of inserting DNA at an unintended location on target genome can cause insertional mutagenesis. This mutation can cause activation of oncogenes hence lead to tumor growth.


Retrovirus integrate DNA randomly in the genome. A retrovirus is type of virus that carries RNA as their form genetic material. Retrovirus are used as vectors in transfer of genetic material in a host cell. The result of that gene transfer is called chimera. The process of insertion of their genome in to the host genome is called reverse transcription. The process is catalyze by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase.

The specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time is known as the

Answers

Final answer:

The concept in question, known as the set-point, is a weight that the body naturally maintains through compensatory mechanisms. BMI is a tool used to standardize the notion of ideal body weight relative to height but has its limitations.

Explanation:

The specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time without significant fluctuations is referred to as the set-point. This set-point theory suggests that each person has a genetically predetermined weight that the body attempts to maintain, which can resist changes due to compensatory adjustments in energy intake and expenditure. It's akin to a form of homeostasis for body weight.

The concept of an ideal Body Weight is complex and influenced by factors including sex, muscle mass, bone density, age, and height. It's further shaped by cultural perspectives and societal standards of beauty. To medically standardize this notion, the body mass index (BMI) is often used, correlating weight in relation to height with health risks.

Your patient is a​ 54-year-old male with a history of diabetes who is currently unresponsive. you have initiated​ high-flow oxygen and started transport. his initial vitals were pulse​ 68, respirations​ 14, and​ b/p 102/70, with a bgl of 425​ mg/dl. given​ this, how often will you repeat the vital signs while​ transporting?

Answers

I think the vital signs should be repeated after every 5 minutes while transporting. There are four primary vital signs; body temperature, blood pressure, pulse(heart rate), and breathing rate (respiratory rate). Nonetheless depending on the clinical setting, the vital signs may include other measurements called the fifth or the sixth vital sign.

Final answer:

Vital signs should be reassessed at least every 5 minutes during the transport of an unresponsive patient with a history of diabetes and abnormal initial vitals, as their condition can change rapidly, requiring constant monitoring and potential interventions.

Explanation:

In a medical emergency situation involving a 54-year-old male patient with diabetes and an initial blood glucose level (BGL) of 425 mg/dl, it is critical to monitor the patient's vital signs regularly to assess their condition and response to treatment. Given that the patient is unresponsive, high-flow oxygen has been initiated, and the patient is being transported, vital signs should be reassessed at least every 5 minutes or more frequently if the patient's condition changes.

This monitoring is consistent with the protocols applied in emergency care, especially when a patient has abnormal vital signs or reports symptoms like dyspnea, as in the provided scenarios. Frequent reassessments help to ensure the patient remains stable and any deterioration can be addressed promptly with interventions such as BiPAP therapy or medication adjustments.

It is important to remember that changes in vital signs may indicate deterioration and require immediate action. This principle is essential across various medical scenarios, such as in an immunocompromised patient presenting with fever, tachycardia, low blood pressure, and oxygen saturation below the normal range. Such changes necessitate prompt evaluation and intervention.

Which of the following could be classified as predation? a barnacle attached to a whale without causing harm to the whale a tapeworm living inside an amberjack causing the amberjack harm a clown fish living with a sea anemone, both receiving a benefit a shark eating a tuna

Answers

It would be D) A Shark Eating a Tuna
Predation - The Preying of one Animal on others

A shark eating a tuna is an example of predation where the shark is the predator and the tuna is the prey, fitting the true definition of a predator-prey relationship.

The scenario described as predation is a shark eating a tuna. True predation involves a predator killing and eating its prey. In the marine ecosystem, various forms of interactions occur, including commensalism, mutualism, parasitism, and predation. The shark preying on the tuna is a clear example of predation, where the shark acts as a predator and the tuna as the prey. This is in contrast to the other scenarios provided, such as a barnacle on a whale, which reflects commensalism, a tapeworm inside an amberjack, indicative of parasitism, and a clown fish living with a sea anemone, which is an example of mutualism.

The patient with copd has a prescription for ibuprofen 600 mg. the nurse questions the prescription, knowing that ibuprofen interacts with which concurrent medication?

Answers

I think the use of ibuprofen should be questioned with the concurrent  use of hydrocortisone, a 28 corticosteroid. The use of medication together increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Ibuprofen and sertraline azithromycin, or ipratropium will not cause adverse effects.

The nurse questions the prescription of ibuprofen for a COPD patient due to its interaction with d) hydrocortisone, which can increase the risk of gastrointestinal complications. Ipratropium, Sertraline, and Azithromycin do not have significant interactions with ibuprofen.

The patient with COPD has a prescription for ibuprofen 600 mg. The nurse questions the prescription, knowing that ibuprofen interacts with which concurrent medication? The correct answer is Hydrocortisone.

Ipratropium: This is a bronchodilator used to relieve bronchospasm, but it does not have significant interactions with ibuprofen.Sertraline: This is an antidepressant (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and does not have a significant interaction with ibuprofen.Azithromycin: This is an antibiotic commonly used to treat respiratory infections and does not have a significant interaction with ibuprofen.Hydrocortisone: This is a corticosteroid, and combining it with ibuprofen (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) can increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects such as ulcers and bleeding.

complete question:

The patient with COPD has a prescription for ibuprofen 600 mg. The nurse questions the prescription, knowing that ibuprofen interacts with which concurrent medication?

a. Ipratropium

b. Sertraline

c. Azithromycin

d. Hydrocortisone

The actions of drugs on neurotransmitter systems can be divided into two main types. what are they?

Answers

Stimulants if they are excitatory, or depressants if they are inhibitory.
Final answer:

The actions of drugs on neurotransmitter systems can be divided into two main types: agonists and antagonists. Agonists mimic the effects of a neurotransmitter, while antagonists block or impede neurotransmitter activity. These actions help regulate neurotransmitter balance and treat conditions associated with imbalances.

Explanation:

The actions of drugs on neurotransmitter systems can be divided into two main types: agonists and antagonists. Agonists mimic the effects of a neurotransmitter by facilitating its activity at the receptor site. Antagonists, on the other hand, block or impede the normal activity of a neurotransmitter at the receptor. These two types of actions help regulate neurotransmitter balance and can be targeted with specific drugs to treat conditions associated with imbalances.

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A mother finds her 26-year-old daughter unconscious at home. her daughter is breathing and regains consciousness but appears confused. she takes her to the hospital along with her 1-year-old granddaughter. who would be the primary source of information in this case

Answers

obviously the mother would be

Answer these questions based on what you learned from the lesson. are single-celled organisms with no nucleus. The kingdom is relatively small. Eubacteria are classified by . Coccus are round bacterial cells. Bacillus are rod-shaped bacterial cells. Spirillium are spiral-shaped bacterial cells.

Answers

1.) [Bacteria] are single-celled organisms with no nucleus.  

2.) The kingdom [Archaebacteria] is relatively small.

3.) Eubacteria are classified by [shape].

4.) [coccus] are round bacterial cells.

5.) [bacilli] are rod-shaped bacterial cells.    

6.) [spirilli] are spiral-shaped bacterial cells.

The concept of reaction range proposes that ____ establish(es) boundaries, whereas ____ determines where a person falls within that range.

Answers

I believe that the concept of reaction range proposes that genetics establishes boundaries, whereas environment determines where a person falls within that range. Range of reaction is a concept in psychology, genetics, and related fields that the expressed characteristics or traits of an organism depend on both the genetic characteristics and the environment.

Sheryl is very outgoing and fun-loving. she prefers to be around other people most of the time. she most clearly ranks high on the big 5 trait dimension known as

Answers

The Big Five trait dimension or the five factor model is based on descriptors of personality. The big five traits are:

Openness
Beuroticism
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Conscientiousness

From these, the trait expressed is Extraversion. This trait is characterized by outgoing and energetic behavior. Energy creation is gained through external means. 

Why does the frog sciatic nerve give a graded response?

Answers

The sciatic nerve of the frog is constituted of a bundle of nerve fibers. Each of the nerve fiber has a varying threshold for which the membrane potential is disturbed. This is the reason why graded potential is observed as each nerve fiber depolarizes until a threshold in the sciatic nerve ( following summation of all individual depolarization events) is reached to trigger an action potential.


Final answer:

The frog sciatic nerve provides a graded response due to the nature of graded potentials, which vary in magnitude based on the intensity of the stimulus and can initiate action potentials. Reflex arcs involving these graded potentials allow for quick responses to stimuli like pain or temperature. The sensory pathways, including dorsal column and spinothalamic pathways, contribute to the distinct perceptions of various stimuli.

Explanation:

The frog sciatic nerve gives a graded response because the sensory neurons involved respond variably to the intensity of the stimulus, generating graded potentials. These graded potentials, which differ from action potentials, are incremental changes in electrical potential that can vary in magnitude. When a graded potential reaches a certain threshold, it can trigger an action potential, which is the all-or-none signal that travels the length of the neuron without diminishing in strength. Figure 12.14 explains that the magnitude of the graded potential is determined by the strength of the stimulus, such as temperature, and it can initiate an action potential if it is strong enough.

In case of reflex arcs described in the message about pain or temperature not traveling all the way to the brain, the connection in the spinal cord occurs through graded potentials influencing the neurons, which can result in immediate motor responses without involving higher brain centers.

The functioning of the sensory pathways, which include the dorsal column pathway and the spinothalamic pathway, are integral to the interpretation of various stimuli. These pathways, through their ascending tracts, convey specific types of sensory information - fine touch, vibration, and proprioception via the dorsal column pathway, and pain and temperature via the spinothalamic pathway. Their integrity can be assessed in sensory input tests that distinguish between different types of neural damage based on the pathway affected.

Explain why the adrenal and thyroid glands atrophy if the pituitary gland ceases to function

Answers

you will go crazy and start to get slower breaths

Answer;

This is because the nervous system would no longer be linked to the endocrine system.


The reason as to why the adrenal and thyroid glands atrophy if the pituitary glands cease to function is because the nervous system would no longer be linked to the endocrine system.


Thyrotrophic and adrenocorticotrophic hormones from the anterior pituitary keep the adrenal and thyroid glands in action. If pituitary stops secreting them, it is obvious that adrenal and thyroid would be affected.

The most common type of rock on the earth (accounting for the greatest volume) is:

Answers

igneous 
blah blah blah extra 20 characters

The most common type of rock on Earth, accounting for the greatest volume, is igneous rock.

What is igneous rock?

Igneous rock is a type of rock that forms from the solidification of molten rock, either below the Earth's surface (intrusive igneous rock) or on the surface (extrusive igneous rock). The molten rock, called magma, is generated by the intense heat and pressure within the Earth's mantle.

The solidification process results in a variety of textures, depending on the cooling rate and chemical composition of the magma. Igneous rocks can be composed of minerals such as feldspar, quartz, mica, and olivine, and their color and texture can vary greatly. Extrusive igneous rocks are usually fine-grained and have a volcanic origin, while intrusive igneous rocks are coarse-grained and form from magma that solidifies below the Earth's surface. Igneous rocks make up a significant portion of the Earth's crust and are used for a variety of purposes, including construction materials and as a source of mineral resources.

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Which of these is not an environmental effect of destroying wetlands

A. Loss of habitat
B.increase air temperature
C.poor absorbs ton of rain water
D. Unfiltered water

Answers

Increase Air Temperature.

D. Unfiltered water would hurt us to drink but not the wetlands.

the diagram below represents levels of glucose and insulin found within the bloodstream of a healthy person

Answers

Final answer:

The diagram represents how glucose and insulin levels are maintained within a healthy person's bloodstream, involving the hormones insulin and glucagon in a negative feedback loop that ensures blood sugar homeostasis. Disruption in this balance can lead to hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, common in diabetes.

Explanation:

The diagram described represents the levels of glucose and insulin found within the bloodstream of a healthy person. Blood glucose level is a crucial aspect of homeostasis, which is the body's way of maintaining internal stability. In a healthy person, blood glucose levels are maintained within a specific range through a negative feedback system involving insulin and glucagon. Insulin lowers blood glucose by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, particularly after a meal when blood sugar levels rise. If the blood glucose level drops too low, glucagon is secreted to stimulate the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, releasing it into the bloodstream to raise the levels back to normal.

Failure in the regulation of blood sugar levels can result in conditions such as hyperglycemia, a characteristic of diabetes, where insulin is not produced in sufficient amounts or the body does not respond to it adequately, leading to high blood sugar levels. On the other hand, hypoglycemia refers to abnormally low blood sugar levels. Understanding these mechanisms is important for managing and treating conditions like diabetes mellitus.

During which phase of meiosis do tetrads line up along the metaphase plate

Answers

During the Metaphase I, the tetrads line up along the plate.

The gland that produces the largest number of different hormones and has the widest range of effects on the body's functions is the

Answers

AcetylcholineDistributed throughout central nervous system. Involved in arousal, attention, memory, motivation, and movement. Involved in muscle action through presence at neuromuscular junctions. Degeneration of neurons that produce Ache is linked to Alzheimer's disease. Too much ACh- spasms, tremors, too little- paralysis or torpor.

Fourier analysis is based on the finding that all sound waves _________. view available hint(s)

Answers

 A Fourier analysis is a technique that is able to determine both the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of any signal. This analysis is based on the finding that all sound waves can be derived by adding sinusoids together (so long as the sinusoids are of the appropriate frequencies, amplitudes, and phases). 

Which carriers of energy are formed by the light-dependent reactions?
A. ATP and glucose
B. NADPH and photons
C. ATP and NADPH
D. Photons and glucose

Answers

Answer: ATP and NADP

Explanation:

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) are formed. The correct answer is C. ATP and NADPH.

These two molecules serve as carriers of energy that are subsequently used in the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle or dark reactions, to drive the synthesis of glucose.

ATP is a high-energy molecule that acts as a universal energy currency in cells. It is produced during light-dependent reactions through the process of photophosphorylation, where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP.

NADPH is an electron carrier molecule that is also produced during light-dependent reactions. It carries high-energy electrons, which are utilized in light-independent reactions to fuel the synthesis of glucose and other organic molecules through the process of carbon fixation.

Therefore, ATP and NADPH are the energy carriers formed by the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The correct answer is C. ATP and NADPH.

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Scientists recently discovered a species of bacteria that’s capable of photosynthesis, but it’s anaerobic and doesn’t produce or use oxygen for respiration. Which process will be absent in this organism?

A. Calvin cycle
B. electron transport system
C. glycolysis
D. Krebs cycle

Answers

Anaerobic bacteria: Bacteria which does not use oxygen or in the absence of oxygen.

electron transport system is absent in photosynthetic anaerobic bacteria.

since, glycolysis, krebs cycle are essential metabolic pathways in order to produce energy and calvin cycle is essential for the photosynthesis process.

The answer is D. Krebs cycle.


the Krebs cycle only occurs when oxygen is present, and so it would seem to be the same for the electron transport system...although, in anaerobic bacteria, it is still used as a respiratory electron transport chain called physolmere.

for those who find answers to these old questions, and see incorrect one's commented on brainly... please correct them. It isn't hard, and it'll help someone else 'study'.



Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?

Answers

There are choices for this question namely:

A) Their prime function is the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells.
B) The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter. 
C) They distribute blood to various parts of the body.
D) They contain a large quantity of elastic tissue.

The correct answer is "the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter". In the systemic circulation, the arterioles contribute most of the total peripheral resistance due to the abundance of smooth muscles in their vessel walls; allowing them to contract and decrease the lumen of the arterioles thereby increasing peripheral vascular resistance.


To best evaluate the adequacy of breathing in an unresponsive​ adult, the emt​ should:

Answers

Check their carotid pulse, neck (only if they're unresponsive), and look at the patients chest for rising and falling. I think, since I just had and EMR course.

When Mendel crossed purebred purple flowering plants (PP) with purebred white flowering plants (pp), what were the flower colors of the resulting offspring? 25 percent white and 75 percent purple 50 percent white and 50 percent purple 100 percent purple 100 percent white

Answers

When Mendel crossed purebred purple and white flowering plants, the [tex]F_{1}[/tex] generation has only purple flowers, i.e. 100% purple.

This is due to Mendel's experiments showing that the purple flower color (P) predominates over the white flower color (p). The genotype of the white flowers is pp, whereas the genotype of the purple flowers is PP.

All the offspring produced by Mendel's cross of these two purebred plants carried one purple allele from the purple parent (Pp) and one white allele from the white parent (pp). All flowers have purple hues because the dominant purple allele prevents the expression of the white allele.

Therefore, he obtained all purple flowers in the next generation.

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