Answer:
The radius of the sun is 7x10^5 kilometers, and that of the Earth is about 6.4x10^3 kilometers. Use scientific notation to show that the Sun's radius is about 100 times the Earth's radius. The Sun's radius is 10^10 the Earth's radius.
In scientific notation, the radius of the sun is 109 times the radius of the Earth.
What is the radius of the sun?The sun is almost a perfectly shaped sphere. The equatorial diameter and the polar diameter of the sun differ only by only 6.2 miles or 10 km. The sun's mean radius is 432,450 miles or 696,000 kilometers.
According to this, the diameter would be about 864,938 miles or 1.392 million km. Around 109 Earths could be lined across the face of the sun. The circumference of the sun is about 2,715,396 miles or 4,370,006 km.
Sun is the biggest thing in our neighborhood or in our solar system. But, compared to other stars that have been observed, the sun is called an average star. Betelgeuse, which is a red giant, is about 700 times bigger than the sun and 14,000 times brighter. The classification of the sun is as a G-type main-sequence star or a G dwarf star,
Therefore, in scientific notation, the radius of the sun is 109 times the radius of the Earth.
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Volume is the quantity of two-dimensional space occupied by a liquid, solid, or gas.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
B.False
Explanation:
Volume is used in 3D shapes, 2D is found by area.
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A particular element has the following set of properties:
It has a low melting point.
It has a low boiling point
It exists as a two-atom molecule in the gas phase.
It has seven outer electrons.
It readily reacts with metals to produce a salt.
Which element does the list describe?
A. strontium (Sr)
B. potassium (K)
C. krypton (Kr)
D. bromine (Br)
Answer:
D. bromine (Br)
Explanation:
Bromine is an element of halogen group.
Halogens, or "salt-formers," are located in group 17 of the periodic table. The halogens have the following properties:
1) They have low melting points and low boiling points.
2) They exist as diatomic molecules in the gas phase.
3) They have seven electrons in their outermost shell, which means they have seven valence
electrons.
4) They are highly reactive nonmetals.
5) They tend to gain electrons and form negative ions.
Thus the given properties are of Bromine.
HELP PLEASE (Solve this problem using the appropriate law). what is the volume of 0.382 moles of hydrogen gas at 1.50 atmospheres pressure and a temperature of 295k?
(R=0.0821L•atm/mol•k)
6.17L
1.2L
3.08L
4.01L
0.23L
Answer:
V = 6.17 L
Explanation:
Given data:
Volume = ?
Number of moles = 0.382 mol
Pressure = 1.50 atm
Temperature = 295 k
R = 0.0821 L. atm. /mol. k
Solution:
According to ideal gas equation:
PV= nRT
V = nRT/P
V = 0.382 mol × 0.0821 L. atm. /mol. k ×295 k / 1.50 atm
V = 9.252 L. atm. / 1.50 atm
V = 6.17 L
Final answer:
Using the ideal gas law, the volume of 0.382 moles of hydrogen gas at 1.50 atmospheres pressure and 295 K is approximately 6.17 L.
Explanation:
Using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, we can calculate the volume of 0.382 moles of hydrogen gas at 1.50 atmospheres pressure and 295 K temperature. where T is the temperature, R is the ideal gas constant, n is the number of moles, V is the volume, and P is the pressure.
The provided values are: P = 1.50 atm, n = 0.382 moles, R = 0.0821 L•atm/mol•K, and T = 295 K. When we enter these numbers into the ideal gas law, we obtain:
V = nRT/PV = (0.382 mol) × (0.0821 L•atm/mol•K) × (295 K) / (1.50 atm)
Calculating this, we find the volume (V) of hydrogen gas:
V ≈ 6.17 L
Which example is classified as a body fossil?
fossilized bird droppings
footprint of a stone-age
individual ancient shark vertebra
a worm trail
Answer:
individual ancient shark vertebra
Explanation:
it ask for a body fossil and that is the only body fossil
One of the example that falls under classification of body fossil is C:
individual ancient shark vertebra
Fossils can be regarded as preserved remains of some animals as well as plants, this could also include the traces of ancient organisms remains
The main types of fossil are:
true form fossil trace fossil mold fossilBody fossils can be regarded as type of fossil that is very common across the world. They are the fossils that are formed due to the remains of dead animals as well as plants.Most of the body fossils usually have a hard parts these part could be
teethwoody trunksbonesshellsTherefore, option C is right
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Esterification reaction of benzoic acid with ethanol in presence of concentrated sulphuric acid
Answer:
ester C6H5CH2OC2H5 is formed.
Explanation:
C6H5CH2OH + C2H5OH ---> C6H5CH2OC2H5 + H2O
Esterification reaction of benzoic acid with ethanol in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid is C₆H₅CH₂OH + C₂H₅OH → C₆H₅CH₂OC₂H₅ + H₂O.
What is an esterification ?Esterification is the process of combining an organic acid (RCOOH) with an alcohol (ROH) to produce an ester (RCOOR) and water, or a chemical reaction that produces at least one ester product. Ester is formed by the esterification of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
An acid catalyst, typically sulfuric acid, is added to speed up the reaction while also acting as a dehydrating agent.
Benzoic acid (a carboxylic acid) is esterified with methanol (an alcohol) in the presence of sulfuric acid (an acid catalyst) in this Fischer esterification reaction to produce methyl benzoate (an ester).
Thus, C₆H₅CH₂OH + C₂H₅OH → C₆H₅CH₂OC₂H₅ + H₂O.
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What are the coefficients of the equation below when it is balanced?
___ CaCl2 + ___ Na3PO4 ___ Ca3(PO4)2 + ___ NaCl
3,2,1,6
3,2,1,3
1,1,1,1
1,2,2,1
3, 2, 1, 6
Explanation:
To balance the chemical equation the number of atoms of each element
entering the reaction have to be equal to the number of atoms of each
element leaving the reaction, in order to conserve the mass.
In our case we have:
3 CaCl₂ + 2 Na₃PO₄ → Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 6 NaCl
So the stoechiometric coefficients will be:
3, 2, 1, 6
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can somebody help with parts c and d
Answer:
13. Na 14. Ne. 15. U. 16. Ca. 17. C. l 18. O. 19. Cl. 20. Si 21. U 22. N.
23. Na 24. Ne. 25. U 26. Sc. 27. N 28. O 29. Cl 30. Si 31. U 32. N.
Explanation:
The general trend as you go to the right in any one period is for the size to decrease.
The general trend is that the size increases as you go down a Group.
The general trend as you go from the bottom left to the top right is a decrease in size.
Ionization energy increases as we move to the right in a period.
It decreases as we move down a group.
Going from the bottom left to top right - the ionization increases.
what is an example of a cation
what’s an example of a cation
Answer:
Mg+
Explanation:
Cation is an ion that has lost its electron(s).
So, it has a positive charge.
Any ion with a positive charge (superscript has a + sign) is a cation.
Which element has an ion with a radius that is larger than its atomic radius
A)K
B)Cr
C)Zn
D) Cl
Answer:
d) Chlorine
Explanation:
when an atom form ion its atomic radius changed from neutral atomic radius.
if the atom form cation its atomic radius is smaller than neutral atomic radius.
If atom form anion its anionic radius is larger than the neutral atomic radius.
The reason is that when electron is remove energy shell deduced so cation get smaller ionic radii while in case of anion electron is added and size increase.
In given list of elements potassium, zinc and chromium form cation while chlorine form anion.
That's why its ionic radius will larger than atomic radius.
The element with an ion that has a larger radius than its atomic radius is potassium (K).
Explanation:Based on the information provided, the ion with a radius larger than its atomic radius is K (potassium). This is because potassium loses an electron to form a cation (K+), which has a larger radius than its neutral atomic form. The loss of one electron reduces the attractive force between the electrons and the nucleus, causing the electron cloud to expand, resulting in a larger radius.
Explain how H20 chemical formula describe a model of a water molecule?
Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.
Explanation:
Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds.
Hope this helps ; )
What evidence supports the idea that all the continents were once joined together? A. Similar rocks found on different continents. B. Mountains created by colliding continents. C. Evidence of glaciers in unexpected places. D. All of the above.
Similar rocks found on different continents, Mountains created by colliding continents, Evidence of glaciers in unexpected places are the evidences to support the idea that all the continents were once joined together.
Option D, All the above.
Explanation:Earth did not have seven continents but only one, nearly 300 million years ago. There was one "massive super continent", called the Pangaea. The Pangaea was also surrounded by the ocean named panthalassa. Experts say that the formation of the seven continents happened due to the movement in the tectonic plates.
Similar kinds of rocks were found on different continents, it is also believed that the Aps were formed due to the separation of continents, coal deposits of the same constituents were also found on different continents.
Answer:
all of the above
Explanation:
If you are given an ideal gas with pressure (P) = 259,392.00 Pa and temperature (T) = 2.00 oC of 1 mole Argon gas in a volume of 8.8 dm3 , calculate R to the correct number of significant figures and units under given condition
Answer:
R = 0.083 atm .L / mol.K
Explanation:
Given data:
Pressure of gas = 259,392.00 Pa
Temperature = 2.0 °C
Moles = 1 mol
Volume = 8.8 dm³
R = ?
Solution:
First of all we will convert the units.
Pa to atm
259,392.00 /101325 = 2.56 atm
dm³ to L
8.8 dm³ = 8.8 L
2.0 °C to K
2+273 = 275 K
Now we will calculate the R:
PV = nRT
R = PV/ nT
R = 2.56 atm . 8.8 L / 1 mol. 275 K
R = 22.528 atm .L / 1 mol. 275 K
R = 0.083 atm .L / mol.K
Concrete a mixture or pure substance?
Answer: Cement is a mixture.
Explanation: It is composed of different types of compound particles. Each of the components of concrete by themselves would be pure substances. For example, a sample of just calcium oxide would be a pure substance because the particles in the sample would all be identical calcium oxide compounds.
Concrete is a heterogeneous mixture comprised of cement, water, sand, and gravel, retaining the individual properties of its components and can be separated physically.
Explanation:Concrete is a mixture, not a pure substance. Pure substances are materials made up of only one type of matter, either a single element or a single compound, with a constant composition and set of properties throughout. In contrast, mixtures are combinations of two or more pure substances that retain their individual identities and can be separated by physical methods. Concrete is specifically a heterogeneous mixture as it consists of several different components such as cement, water, sand, and gravel that are not uniform throughout. These components can be identified and, in theory, could be separated by physical means.
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Planes X and Y and points C, D, E, and F are shown.
Vertical plane X intersects horizontal plane Y. Point D is on the left half of plane Y. Point F is on the bottom half of plane X. Point E is on the right half of plane Y. Point C is above and to the right of the planes.
Which statement is true about the points and planes?
The line that can be drawn through points C and D is contained in plane Y.
The line that can be drawn through points D and E is contained in plane Y.
The only point that can lie in plane X is point F.
The only points that can lie in plane Y are points D and E.
Answer:
The line drawn through points D and E.
Explanation:
Y is a horizontal line and D and E are both on the same line. If a line were drawn it would be within the Y plane.
Answer:
B. The line that can be drawn through points D and E is contained in plane Y.
Explanation:
a rectangular solid of unknown density is 5 meters long, 2 meters high, and 4 meters wide. The mass of this solid is 300 grams. Given this information for this homogeneous material, calculate the density.
Answer:if you could be more spesific id be happpy to help
Explanation:
thanks sm.
Answer:
The density of the material is 7.5 g/m^3
Explanation:
The volume of a rectangle is:
Volume = Length*Height*Width
Replacing with data:
Volume = 5 m * 2 m * 4 m = 40 m^3
Density is computed as follows:
Density = Mass/Volume
Replacing with data:
Density = 300 g/40 m^3
Density = 7.5 g/m^3
which element is most likely to gain electrons in a chemical reaction?
1) Kr
2) Br
3) Ca
4) Ba
The correct answer to the question is Option 2. Br
Electronegativity is simply defined as the ability of an atom to attract electron(s)
Non metals are more electronegative than metals.
Krypton, Kr is a group 18 element which have completely filled outermost shell. They do not involve in bond formation.
Calcium, Ca and Barium, Ba are group 2 metals. They form bond by losing their 2 valence electrons.
Bromine, Br is a group 17 element which have 7 valence electrons. It is difficult for Br to lose its valence electron(s) and as such, it will form bond by either gaining 1 electron or sharing 1 electron.
With the above information, we can conclude that Option 2. Br gives the correct answer to the question.
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If you are given an ideal gas with pressure (P) = 259,392.00 Pa and temperature (T) = 2.00 oC of 1 mole Argon gas in a volume of 8.8 dm3 , calculate R to the correct number of significant figures and units under given condition
Answer:
R = 0.064 dm³ atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹
Explanation:
Data Given:
volume of gas V = 8.8 dm³
no. of mole of gas (n) = 1 mole
Pressure P = 259,392.00 Pa
Convert Pascal (Pa) to atm (atmospheric pressure)
As,
101,325 Pa = 1 atm
So,
259,392.00 Pa = 2 atm
Then Pressure (P) = 2 atm
Temperature T = 2.00 °C
change the temperature from °C to K
As to convert °C to K the below formula used
0°C + 273.15 = 273.15K
So, for 2 °C
2°C + 273.15 = 275.15 K
So,
Temperature T = 275.15 K
ideal gas constant = ?
formula used for Ideal gases
PV = nRT
as we have to find R of the gas:
we will rearrange the ideal gas equation as below:
R = PV / nT ........................................... (1)
Put value in equation (1)
R = 2atm x 8.8 dm³ / 1 mole x 275.15 K
R = 17.6 atm. dm³ / 275.15 mol. K
R = 0.064 dm³ atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹
So the value of R is 0.064 dm³ atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹
and the unit of R (ideal gas constant) is dm³ atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹
OK SO HERES HOW ITS GONNA GO. IMA ASK YOU GUYS ONE MORE TIME BC THIS IS LIKE THE 3RD TIME IVE WAISTED MY POINTS IN THE SAME QUESTION. IGHT JUST TRY.
MY TEACHER PIS.S.ES ME OFF I NEED HELP I SWEAR.
Question:
Give the electron configuration for the calcium ion. (2points)
My Answer:
(AR)4s^2
0/2 points
Teachers response:
This is asking for the ion and that is the neutral configuration. Write out the whole thing.
^
|
|
Help on that plz
Answer:
Electronic Configuration of calcium ion: Ca²⁺
1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶
Explanation:
Calcium belong to group IIA and known as alkaline earth metals.
it have two electrons in outer most orbital.these outer two electrons are involve in bondingcalcium lose these two electron and form cationcation have 2+ chargecalcium have total twenty electronsElectronic Configuration of calcium atom: ²⁰Ca
1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s²
When calcium ion is form it loses two electron and have 2+ charge on it.
and have total of 18 electrons
So,
Electronic Configuration of calcium ion: Ca²⁺
the last filled orbital will be 3p⁶
1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶
The table shows the electronegativity values of four unknown elements on the Pauling scale. Electronegativity Values Unknown Element Electronegativity P 2.55 Q 3.98 R 1.31 S 2.5 Which two elements are most likely to form an ionic bond together? P and Q Q and R R and S P and S
Answer:
Q and R are most likely to form an ionic bond.
Explanation:
Ionic bond is formed between two elements which have huge difference in their electronegativities.
According to the given question the electronegativity difference of QR is greater than that of PQ, RS and SP.
From this point of view it can be stated that Q and R are most likely to form an ionic bond.
Answer:
Q and R
Explanation:
3. How many more troops did the Union states have than the Confederate states?
Convert 1365.4 joules into kilocalories.
Answer:
0.326338 kcal
Explanation:
Data given:
Value in Joules = 1365.4 joules
Value in Kilocalories (kcal) = to find
Solution:
Joule and Kilocalori both are the unit of energy
Relation of kilocalori
1 joule = 0.000239 kcal
so now to find
1365.4 joules equals to how much kilocalories
if
1 joule = 0.000239 kcal
then 1365.4 joules = ? Kilocalories
by cross multiplication
1 joule x ? Kilocalories = 0.000239 kcal x 1365.4 joules
By rearranging
Kilocalories = 0.000239 kcal x 1365.4 joules / 1 joule
Kilocalories = 0.000239 kcal x 1365.4 joules / 1 joule
Kilocalories = 0.32633 kcal
So
1365.4 joules = 0.32633 kcal
[tex]1365.4 \ joules[/tex] is approximately [tex]0.3264\ kilocalories.[/tex]
To convert energy from joules to kilocalories, we use the conversion factor:
[tex]\[ 1 \, \text{kilocalorie} = 4184 \, \text{joules} \][/tex]
Given:
[tex]\[ 1365.4 \, \text{joules} \][/tex]
We convert joules to kilocalories as follows:
[tex]\[ \text{kilocalories} = \frac{\text{joules}}{\text{joules per kilocalorie}} = \frac{1365.4 \, \text{joules}}{4184 \, \text{joules per kilocalorie}} \][/tex]
Perform the calculation:
[tex]\[ \text{kilocalories} = \frac{1365.4}{4184} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{kilocalories} = 0.3264 \][/tex]
PLEASE HELP ASAP
Half equation for zinc atoms changing into zinc ions
Answer:
[tex]Zn^{0} --->Zn^{2+} +2e^{-}[/tex]
Explanation:
[tex]Zn^{0} --->Zn^{2+} +2e^{-}[/tex]
25. What type and how many atoms are in Fe2(SO4)3?
It total there are 18 atoms.
Iron (Fe) is a metal.
Sulfur (S) is a nonmetal.
Oxygen (O) is a nonmetal.
Explanation:
We have the chemical formula of iron (III) sulfate Fe₃(SO₄)₃.
It total there are 18 atoms, 3 iron (Fe) atoms, 3 sulfur (S) atoms and 12 oxygen (O) atoms.
Iron (Fe) is a metal.
Sulfur (S) is a nonmetal.
Oxygen (O) is a nonmetal.
Iron is found as Fe²⁺ cation while the sulfate group SO₄⁻ as an anion.
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There are a total of 17 atoms in Fe2(SO4)3.
A compound is formed when atoms of elements combine chemically together. A compound is defined as a group of elements which are chemically combined together.
In the compound Fe2(SO4)3, there are;
Two iron atomsthree sulfur atomstwelve oxygen atomsThis makes a total of 17 atoms in the compound Fe2(SO4)3. Iron is a metal while oxygen and sulfur are nonmetals.
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suppose work input is 25 j and the output distance is 10 m factoring in the effect of friction which must be true about output force a) it equals 2.5n b) it is less than 2.5n c) it is greater than 2.5n
Answer:
Therefore F ∠ 2.5N
Explanation:
Definition of Work:
It is the amount of energy transferred.
Mathematical expression:
W = F × d
By taking the friction into count it will define as:
Input work = work against friction × output work
No we will put the values:
25 J = w + 10 m
j = kg m²/s²
25 kg m²/s² = w + 10 m
when friction is exist then w > 0
25 kg m²/s² - 10 m > 0
15 N > 0
Therefore F ∠ 2.5N
If 3.0 g of NH3 reacts with 5.0 g of HCl, what is the limiting reactant?
Explanation:
[tex]\text{number of moles}=\frac{\text{given mass}}{\text{molar mass}}[/tex]
For [tex]NH_{3},[/tex]
[tex]\text{given mass}=3g[/tex]
[tex]\text{molar mass}=14+3=17g[/tex]
[tex]n_{NH_{3}}=\frac{3}{17}=0.176[/tex]
For [tex]HCl,[/tex]
[tex]\text{given mass}=5g[/tex]
[tex]\text{molar mass}=1+35.5=36.5g[/tex]
[tex]n_{HCl}=\frac{5}{36.5}=0.136[/tex]
The reaction between [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] and [tex]HCl[/tex] is
[tex]NH_{3}+HCl[/tex]→[tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex]
So,one mole of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] requires one mole of [tex]HCl[/tex]
[tex]0.176[/tex] moles of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] requires [tex]0.176[/tex] moles of [tex]HCl[/tex]
But there are only [tex]0.136[/tex] moles of [tex]HCl[/tex] available.
[tex]HCl[/tex] will be consumed first.
So,[tex]HCl[/tex] is the limiting reagent.
a. A 3.24 M solution of base is Diluted by adding water increasing its volume from 1.25 L to 3.98 L. Calculate the new Molarity of the solution
B. 270 mL of a 7.0 M NaHCO3 solution was used in the preparation of 1.9 L of diluted NaHCO3. what is the molarity of the diluted solution
C. what volume of 5 M NaOH is needed to create a 100 mL solution of 1 M NaOH?
PLEASE HELP ILL GET 30 EXTRA POINTS FOR THESE
Answer:
A. The new molarity of the diluted solution is 1.0176 M
B. The new molarity of the diluted solution is 0.9947 M
C. 20 mL of volume is required to prepare 100ml of 1 M NaOH
Explanation:
Part A:
___________
This problem will be solved by using the following formula
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ (1)
Given Data:
Initial Molarity of Solution M₁ = 3.24 M
Initial volume V₁ = 1.25 L
Initial volume V₂ = 3.98 L
Final Molarity M₂= ?
Put the values in formula 1
3.24 M x 1.25 L = M₂ x 3.98 L
By Rearranging
M₂ = 3.24 M x 1.25 L / 3.98 L
M₂ = 4.05 / 3.98
M₂ = 1.0176 M
The new molarity of the diluted solution is 1.0176 M
_________________
Part B:
This problem will be solved by using the following formula
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ (1.1)
Given Data:
Initial Molarity of Solution M₁ = 7.0 M
Initial volume V₁ = 270 mL
As the initial volume is in ml and final volume in Litre (L)
So we have to convert mL to L
1000ml= 1L
270 ml = ? L
1 x 270/ 1000 = 0.27 L
So
Initial volume V₁ = 0.27 L
Initial volume V₂ = 1.9 L
Final Molarity M₂= ?
Put the values in formula 1.1
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
7.0 M x 0.27 L = M₂ x 1.9 L
By Rearranging
M₂ = 7.0 M x 0.27 L / 1.9 L
M₂ = 1.89 / 1.9
M₂ = 0.9947 M
The new molarity of the diluted solution is 0.9947 M
_________________
Part 3
This problem will be solved by using the following formula
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ (1.2)
Given Data:
Initial Molarity of Solution M₁ = 5 M
Initial volume V₁ = ? mL
Initial volume V₂ = 100 mL
Final Molarity M₂= 1 M
Put the values in formula 1.2
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
5 M x V₁ = 1 M x 100 mL
By Rearranging
V₁ = 1 M x 100 mL/ 5 M
V₁ = 100 / 5
V₁ = 20
20 mL of volume is required to prepare 100ml of 1 M NaOH
1. What is a Lucas reagent?
Final answer:
A Lucas reagent is a mixture of zinc chloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid that is used to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Explanation:
A Lucas reagent is a mixture of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) that is used to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
When the Lucas reagent is added to an alcohol, a reaction occurs where a cloudy precipitate of alkyl chlorides is formed. The rate at which the precipitate forms depends on the type of alcohol:
Primary alcohols react slowly and may not produce a visible precipitate for several minutes or even hours.Secondary alcohols react more quickly and typically produce a visible precipitate within a few minutes.Tertiary alcohols react very rapidly and often produce an immediate, milky-white precipitate.What is the temperature range in the Mesosphere?
°C to C
Answer:
The temperature range in the Mesosphere 15 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit) to negative 120 degrees Celsius (negative 184 degrees Fahrenheit)
Explanation:
The mesosphere lies above the stratosphere and extends over the Earth's surface to 85 kilometers (53 miles). The temperature at the mesosphere limit drops from negative 15 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit) to negative 120 degrees Celsius (negative 184 degrees Fahrenheit) at the base of the thermosphere.
Meteors vaporize in mesosphere, giving metallic ions a higher concentration than other layers of atmosphere.
Final answer:
The temperature in the mesosphere ranges from about 0°C at its lower boundary to as low as -100°C at the mesopause, its upper boundary. The mesosphere's low temperatures are due to its very thin air and lack of water vapor and ozone to absorb heat from the sun.
Explanation:
The temperature range in the mesosphere varies significantly with altitude. At the lower boundary, directly above the stratosphere (starting around 50 km above Earth's surface), temperatures can be around 0°C. As altitude increases within the mesosphere, temperatures drop sharply, reaching the mesosphere's lowest temperatures at the mesopause, which lies at the top of the mesosphere, around 85 km above the surface. Here, temperatures can plunge to as low as -100°C (-148°F).
The mesosphere is warmed from the bottom by the stratosphere below. The air in the mesosphere is very thin, and its density is approximately 1/1000th of that at the surface, which makes this atmospheric layer quite cold. This temperature decrease with altitude is due to the minimal amounts of water vapor and ozone that would otherwise help to absorb the sun's rays and heat the air.
What is the mass percent of carbon in tryptophan
Explanation:
The formula for tryptophan is [tex]C_{11}H_{12}N_{2}O_{2}[/tex]
Mass of [tex]C[/tex] in tryptophan is [tex]11\times 12=132g[/tex]
Mass of [tex]H[/tex] in tryptophan is [tex]12\times 1=12g[/tex]
Mass of [tex]N[/tex] in tryptophan is [tex]2\times 14=28g[/tex]
Mass of [tex]O[/tex] in tryptophan is [tex]2\times 16=32g[/tex]
So,[tex]\text{total mass}=132+12+28+32=204g[/tex]
[tex]\text{mass of carbon}=132g[/tex]
[tex]\text{mass percent of carbon}=\frac{\text{mass of carbon}}{\text{total mass}}\times 100 =\frac{132}{204}\times 100 =64.7[/tex]%
Final answer:
The mass percent of carbon in tryptophan is approximately 64.68%, calculated by determining the total mass of carbon.
Explanation:
By using the atomic masses of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O), we can calculate the molar mass of tryptophan. After that, we determine the total mass contributed by carbon atoms (by multiplying the number of carbon atoms by the atomic mass of carbon) and then divide this by the molar mass of tryptophan to get the mass percent of carbon.
So, the mass of carbon in tryptophan is 11 × 12.01 g/mol = 132.11 g/mol.
The molar mass of tryptophan is approximately 204.23 g/mol. The mass percent of carbon in tryptophan can thus be calculated as (132.11 g/mol) / (204.23 g/mol) × 100%, which yields approximately 64.68%.
This value indicates that carbon makes up about 64.68% of the mass of a tryptophan molecule. Understanding these kinds of compositions is important for fields like biochemistry and nutrition where the analysis of the biochemical roles of various compounds is crucial.
How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.023040 cm?
There are five significant figures in the measurement 0.023040 cm.
To determine the number of significant figures in a given measurement, one must follow these rules:
1. Non-zero digits are always significant. In the measurement 0.023040 cm, the digits 2, 3, and 4 are non-zero and thus significant.
2. Zeros between non-zero digits are significant. Here, the zero between the 3 and the 4 is significant because it is sandwiched between two non-zero digits.
3. Leading zeros, which are zeros before the first non-zero digit in a number less than one, are not significant. In this case, the two zeros after the decimal point and before the 2 are leading zeros and are not significant.
4. Trailing zeros, which are zeros at the end of a number, are significant if the number has a decimal point. In the measurement 0.023040 cm, the zero at the end is after the decimal point and is therefore significant.
Applying these rules, we count the significant figures in 0.023040 cm as follows:
- The first two zeros after the decimal point are not significant (leading zeros).
- The digit 2 is significant.
- The digit 3 is significant.
- The zero between the 3 and the 4 is significant (it is between two non-zero digits).
- The digit 4 is significant.
- The last zero is significant (trailing zero after the decimal point).
Therefore, the measurement 0.023040 cm has five significant figures.