Answer: Segmentation;do not
Explanation:
The food that we ingest through mouth and the food moves from mouth to esophagus and then from esophagus to intestine followed by stomach.
Segmentation can be defined as the contraction that occurs in large and small intestine. In this process contraction moves the chyme in both directions which allows a better of the secretions with the chyme. This process do not takes place along the tract.
The correct answers are segmentation and do not.
A antimicrobial method that reduced a population from 10000 to 100 cells in 10 minutes has a decimal reduction time of _______.
Answer:
Decimal reduction time [tex]= 990[/tex] cells per minute
Explanation:
Given -
Initial population of cells [tex]=10000[/tex]
Final population of cells [tex]=100[/tex]
Total change in population of cells is equal to final population of cells minus the initial population of cells.
Total change in population of cells [tex]= 10000-100\\= 9900\\[/tex]
Total time taken by cell to reduce [tex]= 10[/tex] minutes
Decimal reduction time
[tex]= \frac{9900}{10} \\= 990[/tex] cells per minute
List, in order, all the structures the filtrate must flow through to get from the glomerulus to the outside of the body.
Answer:
The glomerulus is a tiny structure which is made up of capillary blood vessels which filters the waste product from the blood to form urine.
The glomerulus makes the functional unit called the nephron. Each nephron is made up of structures through which urine passes in the following way :
1. Glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule)- capsule surrounding the glomerulus where fluid and solutes are filtered out of the blood.
2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) - tube where water and salt reabsorption takes place.
3. The Loop of Henle- U-shaped tube which transfers the fluid from the proximal tubule to the distal tubule.
4. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)- tubule which is the final site of reabsorption in the nephron.
5. Collecting duct - duct which transfers the urine to the ureter.
6. Ureter- thin tube-like structures of 8 to 10 inches long which force urine to away from the kidney.
7. Urinary bladder- hollow, balloon-shaped organ stores urine for 3-5 hours.
In what ways are humans like the other primates? In what ways are we unique?
Answer:
In what ways are humans like the other primates?
Primates and humans have taking hands and feet that let them hang from branches, grab food, and, in some primates, use tools. The first digit in many primates and humans are opposable and at least some, if not all, of the digits, have nails.
Unlike the eyes of shrews and squirrels, which sit on each side of the head so that the two fields of vision do not overlap, the eyes of primates and humans are shifted forward to the front of the face. This produces an overlapping binocular vision that lets the brain judge distance precisely—important to an animal moving through the trees.
In what ways are we unique?
The first hominids were australopithecines. The ability to walk upright on two legs marks the beginning of hominid evolution. Humans diverge from apes in numerous areas of anatomy related to bipedal locomotion. Because humans walk on two legs, their vertebral column is more curved than an ape’s, and the human spinal cord exits from the bottom rather than the back of the skull. The human pelvis has become broader and more bowl-shaped, with the bones curving forward to center the weight of the body over the legs.
What is a goblet cell? What is secreted by a goblet cell?
Explanation:
Goblet cells can be found in numerous numbers distributed among the columnar epithelial cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. They are specialized in producing and secreting a high molecular weight mucopolysaccharide known as mucins. The columnar epithelial cells of the respiratory airways contain cilia on their apical surface (the surface facing the lumen, or cavity), which move the mucus toward the throat.
A goblet cell is a type of unicellular gland found in the columnar epithelium in the body. Their main function is to produce and secrete mucus, which helps to protect the body's interior surfaces and plays a key role in trapping unwanted particles and microorganisms.
Explanation:A goblet cell is a unicellular gland that is typically found in the columnar epithelium lining of organs such as the small intestine and the respiratory tract. These cells are named for their distinctive shape, which is reminiscent of a goblet or wineglass.
The primary role of goblet cells is to produce and secrete mucus, a thick, slippery substance that serves various protective and lubricative functions in the body. The mucus secreted by goblet cells helps to protect the body's interior surfaces, facilitating the movement of materials and also trapping unwanted particles, effectively playing an integral part in immune responses. For example, goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium secrete mucus into the digestive tract lumen and those in the respiratory tract secrete mucus that traps incoming microorganisms and particles.
Learn more about Goblet Cell here:https://brainly.com/question/12896945
#SPJ12
in Labrador retriever dogs, the dominant gene B determines black coat color and bb prouces brown. A separate gene E, however, shows dominant epistasis over the B and b alleles, resulting in a golden coat color. The recessive e allows expression of B and b. A breeder wants to know the genotypes of her three dogs, so she breeds them and makes note of the offspring of several litters. Determine the genotypes of the three dogs. a. golden female (dog 1) x golden male (dog 2) offspring: 7 golden, 1 black, 1 brown b. black female (dog 3) x golden male (dog 2) offspring: 8 golden, 5 black, 2 brown
Answer:
Dog 1: Eebb
Dog 2: EeBb
Dog 3: eeBb
Explanation:
Let's first analyze the offspring to know their genes
Black: ee (to be able to be black) Bb (because they told you black is dominant
Brown: ee (to be able to be brown) bb) (because is recessive)
Golden: Ee (because E is dominant to Golden) and here could be bb or Bb.
Now, we know what we are looking for: ee, Ee, Bb, and bb. Let's analyze the parents.
DOG 1: golden female
Ee and could be Bb or bb
DOG 2: golden male
Ee and could be Bb or bb
The had both color breed, so one will be bb and the other will be Bb.
DOG 3: black female
ee Bb (to be back)
So, because DOG 3 x DOG 2 had browned, we could say DOG 2 final alleles are EeBb and DOG 1 final alleles are Eebb
The genotypic arrangements for the three dogs based on the breeding results are assumed to be E_B_ (Dog 1), E_B_ (Dog 2), and EeBb (Dog 3). Epistasis, particularly the E gene's dominance over B and b alleles, results in the golden fur color.
Explanation:In Labrador retrievers, fur color is determined by two main genes: B and E. In your question, it's mentioned that the golden color is a result of epistasis, where the E gene is dominant over the B and b alleles, causing the coat color to be golden regardless of the presence of B or b. The genotypes of the dogs can be deduced from the breeding results.:
Dog 1, a golden female would have the genotype E_B_ as its color shows it has the dominant E. Dog 2, a golden male, based on its offspring, must also have the genotype E_B_. Dog 3, a black female that can produce brown and golden puppies when mated with the golden male, likely has the genotype EeBb. Learn more about Genotypes and Epistasis here:https://brainly.com/question/31794199
#SPJ3
For the average human, blood lactate:
a. begins to accumulate significantly at a point that is about 55-65% of Vo2 max
b. begins to accumulate significantly only when the Vo2 max is reached
c.can be used as an energy fuel by the heart and skeletal muscles
d. a and c
Answer: a. begins to accumulate significantly at a point that is about 55-65% of Vo2 max
Explanation:
Lactate is produced in the body after the burning of glucose (glycolysis), to supply energy without the presence of oxygen (lactic anaerobic metabolism). In long-term physical activities, oxygen supply is not always sufficient. The organism seeks this energy in alternative sources, producing lactate. For the average human, blood lactate begins to accumulate significantly at a point that is about 55-65% of Vo2 max. The accumulation of this substance in the muscles can generate a hyperacidity, which causes pain and discomfort soon after exercise. Thus, the determination of lactate blood concentration allows indirect evaluation of the metabolic acidosis of the exercise, being one of the diagnostic tools used by Exercise Physiology.
Sulfonamides interfere with __________. Sulfonamides interfere with __________. anaerobic metabolism in protozoa protein synthesis in helminths folic acid synthesis in bacteria protein synthesis in fungi
Answer: Sulfonamides interfere with folic acid synthesis in bacteria.
Explanation:
Sulfanilamide and other Sulfonamides are capable of inhibiting a variety of bacteria, interfering with a particular biochemical reaction (synthesis of the folic acid) which is essential for their survival. Sulfonamides are primarily used to treat urinary infections and for the treatment of otitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, and Pneumocystis pneumonia; It is used in combination with trimethoprim. Sulfonamides derivatives exert a wide range of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Which of the following components of the sarcomere is an ATPase?
a. actin
b. tropomyosin
c. troponin
d. myosin
e. alpha actinin
Answer:
D. Myosin
Explanation:
The ATP binding site at myosin also have ATPase activity and can carry out hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate. The energy released during the ATP hydrolysis by ATPase activity of myosin is required to change the position of myosin head into the docked position to allow further movement.
The component of the sarcomere with ATPase activity is myosin. Through its ATPase activity, myosin hydrolyzes ATP to allow for muscle contraction.
Explanation:The component of the sarcomere that is an ATPase is d. myosin. Myosin, a motor protein, is the molecule that interacts with actin to cause muscle contraction.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) attached to myosin is hydrolyzed, a process catalyzed by the ATPase activity of myosin. This releases energy and gives the myosin 'head' the ability to bind to actin, which enables muscle movement.
Unlike actin, tropomyosin, troponin, and alpha-actinin, myosin can bind and hydrolyze ATP, making it singular in its character within the structure of the sarcomere.
Learn more about Sarcomere Components here:https://brainly.com/question/34217035
#SPJ6
Which of the following processes randomly effect (i.e. you cannot calculate the precise end result) the change in allele frequencies over time? (It is not all of them)
Sexual Selection
Natural Selection
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
Mutation
Answer:
Mutations and Genetic Drift
Explanation:
A mutation refers to the random changes in the genome of the organisms. Being a random event, it is not possible to calculate the effect of mutations on the allele frequency of a population.
Genetic drift refers to changes in the allele frequency by chance event alone. Since the occurrence of chance events can not be predicted, the resultant changes in the allele frequency of the population can not be calculated.
17. In chickens, some varieties have feathered shanks (legs), but others do not. In a cross between a Black Langhans (feathered shanks) and Buff Rocks (unfeathered shanks), the shanks of the F1 generation are all feathered. When the F1 generation is crossed, the F2 generation contains chickens with feathered shanks to unfeathered shanks in a ratio of 15:1. Suggest an explanation for this result.
Answer:
Feathered shanks is an example of duplicate dominant epistasis and gives F2 phenotype ratio 15:1.
Explanation:
Presence of feathered shanks in chickens is an example of duplicate dominant epistasis. The trait is controlled by two dominant genes (A and B). Presence of at least one copy of any of these two dominant alleles results in feathered shanks. The homozygous recessive genotype (aabb) exhibits "unfeathered shanks".
Genotype of parents: Black Langhans (feathered shanks; AABB) and Buff Rocks (unfeathered shanks; aabb). F1 has genotype AaBb and crossing the F1 gives F2 chickens with feathered shanks to unfeathered shanks in a ratio of 15:1.
Final answer:
The observed 15:1 ratio of feathered to unfeathered shanks in the F2 generation of chickens suggests a gene interaction between two dominant genes. The only recessive phenotype results from having both recessive alleles for the two genes, which occurs in 1 out of 16 offspring.
Explanation:
The question is asking for an explanation of the genetic inheritance pattern observed in chickens with regards to feathered shanks. The F1 generation resulting from a cross between a Black Langhans (feathered shanks) and Buff Rocks (unfeathered shanks) are all feathered, indicating that feathered shanks are a dominant trait. However, when these F1 chickens are crossed, the F2 generation shows a 15:1 ratio of feathered to unfeathered. This ratio is much greater than the typical 3:1 ratio seen in a simple Mendelian monohybrid cross, suggesting that the inheritance of the trait is not controlled by a single gene.
A likely explanation is that the feathered shanks trait is controlled by two dominant genes that are interacting in such a way that having one or both genes results in the feathered phenotype. This is an example of gene interaction or epistasis, where different genes contribute to the expression of a single trait. The 15:1 ratio suggests that when crossing two F1 heterozygotes (RrSs), the only way to get unfeathered shanks (the recessive phenotype) is if the offspring inherits two recessive alleles for both genes (rrss), which occurs only in 1 out of 16 cases.
6. Before transferring sperm to the female during mating, the males of some species of beetles use their copulatory organs to remove the sperm of other males. In cases in which a female mated first with a male of a different species, the male of her own species is particularly adept at removing the other male’s sperm. This is an example of _______ isolation.
a. geographical
b. temporal
c. mechanical
d. postzygotic
e. precoital
Answer: Mechanical Isolation
Explanation:
Mechanical isolation is a type of barrier that prevents the species that are closely related from mating with each other.
It is used in case of plants and animals(here beetles) in which the without compatible sex organs individual of different species will not be able to mate and produce offspring.
Thus, the correct answer is option C
What do "adduction" and "abduction" mean?
Answer:
Adduction:
Adduction may be defined as body movement towards the body's midline. The movement of arms straight out of the shoulder and brings down to the sides , this shows an adduction movement. Adduction movement of finger beings the digit towards hand center.
Abduction:
Abduction may be defined as body movement away from the body's midline. The movement of hands from body side upto the shoulder, this shows an abduction movement. Abduction movement of finger brings the digit away from the hand center.
When you drive down the street listening to your car’s radio, you may not think about the fact that the music is received by the radio’s antenna. Which part of the human neuron serves the same purpose as an antenna – that is, receiving information?
Your answer would be dendrites.
Dendrites look like branches coming off of the main body of the neuron. They receive electrical signals from axons, and then transmit them to the rest of the cell body.
Hope this helps!
2. Why can you say that males determine the sex of their children?
Since males have two X chromosomes, whichever one is passed along to their offspring will determine the sex.
Male chromosomes are inherited preferentially over female chromosomes.
Males will either contribute an X or a Y chromosome, whereas females will always contribute an X chromosome.
Y chromosomes are dominant; X chromosomes are recessive.
All of the above.
Answer:
Male will either contribute an X or Y chromosome....
How does CRA-cAMP positively regulate the lac operon?
Answer:
The CRA-cAMP complex increases the rate of expression of lac operon when glucose is absent and lactose is present as nutrient.
Explanation:
CRP is the catabolite gene activator protein that forms a complex with cAMP. The CRP-cAMP complex facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region of the lac operon. This robust binding as stimulated by CRP-cAMP complex is followed by the formation of open complex and initiation of gene expression.
Hence, the CRP-cAMP complex positively regulates the lac operon and increases its expression when glucose is not present.
Which of the following statements regarding pesticides is FALSE? a. Pesticides are found in food at levels that are below their ADIs. b. Pesticides may not be present in foods at levels that exceed the maximum residue limit tolerance. c. Pesticides may be used during preplanting, growth, and harvesting of crops. d. Pesticides can never be used safely under normal use conditions.
Answer:
Option (D).
Explanation:
Pesticides are the chemical used to kill the harmful organism that are categorized as pest. Pesticides can be used ti kill plants, fungi, animal and other microorganism.
Pesticides include herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. Pesticides can be used safely for the non target organisms but under normal use conditions only.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D).
The NADH coenzyme enters the electron transport chain:
A- anywhere in the chain
B- for ATPase
C- through the membrane
D- in the first dehydrogenase
Answer: C- through the membrane
Explanation:
The molecules of NADH and FADH2 resulting from the of Krebs (by the reduction, respectively, of NAD + and FAD) carriers of electrons and protons (e- and H +), are oxidized in the final reactions of cellular respiration, and the electrons and protons are picked up by oxygen, the final acceptor. Electron transport occurs in the intermembrane space. The electron transport chain contains 3 large protein complexes in the inner membrane of mitochondria; a small protein - cytochrome c; and a non-protein component - ubiquinone (Q).
1) Rigor mortis occurs after a person dies because muscle cells are no longer supplied with ATP. This causes the muscles to become rigid and stuck in position. Based on your knowledge of muscle contraction, why would muscles become rigid, rather than limp, after death?
2) The term fibrillation refers to an irregular, ineffective heartbeat. Do you think ventricular fibrillation is more or less serious than atrial fibrillation in a human? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:
1.)Rigor mortis, the stiffening of a body several hours after death, arises from a combination of two of the oldest definitions of death – cessation of the heartbeat and cessation of breathing. Once either of these essential functions stops, the cells of the body lose their oxygen supply and can no longer perform aerobic respiration.
Immediately after death, the muscles of the body contract in the same manner as they do when the person is alive. Muscle is formed of bundles of long and narrow cells that can span the entire muscle’s length.
In the resting state, these cells build up the electric potential across their membrane by actively pumping out calcium ions. Upon receiving a signal from a neuron, the muscle cells open the calcium channels in their cell membrane, and the calcium ions rush in due to the voltage difference between the inside and outside of the cell.
2.) I think VFib (ventricular fibrillation) is more serious due to the fact that AFib is not normally life threatening and not nearly as much as VFib and the ventricles pour out all to blood to the body making it extremely vital
Rigor mortis occurs because ATP is needed for muscles to relax, and when there's no more ATP after death, muscles remain in a contracted state. Ventricular fibrillation is more serious than atrial fibrillation due to the vital role of ventricles in pumping oxygenated blood to the body.
Explanation:Rigor mortis occurs because the processes that control muscle relaxation are ATP-dependent. Normally, after a muscle contracts, ATP binds to the myosin head allowing it to release from actin, resulting in muscle relaxation. However, after death, when ATP supply stops, the myosin heads can't detach from actin, causing a sustained muscle contraction, or 'rigidity'.
As for the distinction between atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation in humans, ventricular fibrillation is generally considered more dangerous. This is because the ventricles are the main pumps of the heart, delivering oxygenated blood to the body. If they begin to fibrillate, blood is not effectively pushed out of the heart, which can quickly lead to cardiac arrest and death if not immediately treated.
Learn more about Muscle Rigidity and Heart Fibrillation here:https://brainly.com/question/32754512
#SPJ6
Different types of normal tissues in the human body have different mitotic indices. From the following list, which normal tissues would you expect to have the highest mitotic index: muscle, skin, kidney, or lung? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Skin
Explanation:
The tissues with high mitotic index have a number of cells undergoing mitosis. Among the given options, cells of skin exhibit the highest mitotic index. The skin forms the outer most covering of the body surface. Its cells are exposed to various agents of wear and tear.
To replace the damaged cells, the cells of the skin undergo mitosis. So, skin exhibits the highest mitotic index.
The skin tissue would have the highest mitotic index among the tissues listed. This is because skin is constantly exposed to environmental damage and needs frequent cell replacement, which requires a high rate of cell division. Muscle, kidney, and lung tissues generally have lower mitotic indices due to less frequent cell division.
Explanation:The term mitotic index refers to the ratio of cells in a population undergoing mitosis. It is often used as an indication of the proliferative activity of the cell population. Mitosis is most frequently found in tissues that are dividing and growing or being replaced. Among the tissues listed, skin tissue would have the highest mitotic index.
This is because the skin is constantly being exposed to the external environment and is thus often damaged and needs to be replaced. The dead or damaged skin cells on the surface are frequently shed and need to be replaced by newer cells from the lower layers. This process requires a continuous cycle of cell division, hence a high mitotic index.
In contrast, the other tissues listed, such as muscle, kidney, and lung tissues, typically have lower mitotic indices. These tissues rarely undergo cell division, except for repairing damage or during growth. Thus, their mitotic indices are significantly lower than the skin's.
Learn more about Mitotic Index here:https://brainly.com/question/35868166
#SPJ3
Select the incorrect statement concerning the hypothalamus. It serves as the CNS control center for the autonomic nervous system. It is important in the CNS regulation of endocrine systems. Because it is isolated, drugs of abuse are less likely to affect the hypothalamus than other brain areas. It is important in maintaining homeostasis in the body.
Answer:
Option (3).
Explanation:
Hypothalamus is located at the base of a brain and divided into anterior, posterior and middle regions. These three regions work together to control the vital functions of the body.
Hypothalamus regulate the endocrine system, maintains homeostasis and control center of autonomic nervous system. Hypothalamus is not isolated and drugs abuse affects the hypothalamus region of the brain.
Thus, the correct answer is option (3).
Explain how chemotherapy aggravates the effects of leukemia.
Answer: Chemotherapy kills the leukemia cells, but releases the content of the cell into the bloodstream which cannot be filtered at once by the kidney.
Explanation: Chemotherapy can be defined as the use of drugs to treat cancer. The drugs that is given in chemotherapy flows through the bloodstream to reach all over the body.
This treatment method is only used for the people suffering from acute lymphocytic leukemia. Because of its potential side effect it cannot be used for the person who is already sick.
The chemo cells are killed by leukemia cell and the contents are released into the blood stream which are not filtered by the kidney at once. Excess amount of these substances in blood can adversely affect the nervous system and heart.
This is how the chemotherapy enhances the effects of leukemia.
Chemotherapy can worsen leukemia by damaging normal cells, reducing white blood cell count, and increasing the risk of secondary cancers.
Chemotherapy aggravates the effects of leukemia by not only targeting cancer cells but also damaging normal rapidly dividing cells like those in the bone marrow, leading to a decrease in white blood cells. This can result in secondary immunodeficiency, making the patient more susceptible to infections. Additionally, chemotherapy drugs that damage DNA increase the risk of developing secondary cancers, including leukemia.
A plant grown from a [round, yellow] seed is crossed with a plant grown from a [wrinkled, yellow] seed. This cross produces four progeny types in the F1: [round, yellow], [wrinkled, yellow], [round, green], and [wrinkled, green]. Use this information to deduce the genotypes of the parent plants.
Answer:
Parent Genotypes: RrYy x rrYy
Explanation:
"Because the cross produces green progeny (and both parents are yellow), both parents must be Yy: If either parent were YY, only yellow progeny would result.
The cross also produces wrinkled progeny, so the [round, yellow] parent must be heterozygous (Rr): If it were RR, all of the progeny would be Rr and have a round phenotype." - Mastering Genetics
**all right reserved to Pearson Mastering Genetics **
A plant grown from a [round, yellow] seed is crossed with a plant grown from a [wrinkled, yellow] seed. This is called parent genotype.
What is genotype?The type of variant present at a specific locus (i.e., region) in the genome is scored by what is known as a genotype. Symbols can be used to symbolize it.
The actual DNA sequence, such as CC, CT, or TT, can also serve as a representation of a genotype. In a single experiment, the genotypes at millions of sites in a genome can be determined using DNA sequencing and other techniques.
The cross also produces wrinkled progeny, so the [round, yellow] parent must be heterozygous (Rr): If it were RR, all of the progeny would be Rr and have a round phenotype." - Mastering Genetics.
Therefore, A plant grown from a [round, yellow] seed is crossed with a plant grown from a [wrinkled, yellow] seed. This is called parent genotype.
To learn more about genotype, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/12116830
#SPJ5
If a volcano were to erupt and release large amounts of ash into the air, how would this affect the climate on Earth? a. The ash would increase the greenhouse gases, thus increasing temperature. b. The ash would decrease the albedo and increase the global temperature. c. The ash would increase the albedo and decrease the global temperature. d. The ash would decrease the greenhouse gases, thus decreasing temperature.
Answer:
c. The ash would increase the albedo and decrease the global temperature
Explanation:
The volcanoes play a big role in the global climate, and it is manifested in two contrasting ways. From one side, the volcanoes, through their eruptions, release lot of greenhouse gasses, thus warming up the planet. On the other side, the volcanoes also release lot of ashes in the atmosphere, thus decreasing the global temperature. It all depends on the type of eruption. The volcanoes that have massive eruptions through which they propel lot of ash in the atmosphere, manage to create a cover in the atmosphere, which in turn acts like a barrier between the sunlight and the surface, increasing the albedo. By increasing the albedo in the atmosphere, the global temperatures will drop, as smaller amount of sunlight will reach the surface.
Defecation depends on
a. distention of the rectal wall
b. sensory impulses to the sacral spinal cord
c. motor impulses back to the colon
d. all of the above must happen for defecation to occur
Answer: the correct answer is d. all of the above must happen for defecation to occur.
Explanation:
In response to the distention of the rectal wall, the receptors send sensory nerve impulses to the sacral spinal cord. Motor impulses from the cord travel along parasympathetic nerves back to the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. The resulting contraction of the longitudinal rectal muscles shortens the rectum, thereby increasing the pressure within it. This then opens the internal sphincter.
The maintenance of homeostasis a. involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings. b. involves the study of populations in their natural environments. c. involves the replication of environmental conditions and human responses to those conditions. d. is a key feature of most levels of any organism’s biology.
Answer: C. Involves the replication of environmental conditions and human responces to those conditions
Explanation:
The maintenance of homeostasis is a key feature of most levels of any organism’s biology.
In biology, homeostasis is the state of steady internal, physical, chemical, and social conditions maintained by living systems.This is the condition of optimal functioning for the organism and includes many variables, such as body temperature and fluid balance, being kept within certain pre-set limits .
Other variables include the pH of extracellular fluid, the concentrations of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions, as well as the blood sugar level, and these need to be regulated despite changes in the environment, diet, or level of activity. Each of these variables is controlled by one or more regulators or homeostatic mechanisms, which together maintain life.It is a key feature of most levels of any organism’s biology.
Thus, option D is correct.
Learn more about homeostasis,here:
https://brainly.com/question/31789146
#SPJ4
Radioactive amino acids incorporated into the proteins were rejected into the retina of a rabbit. After measuring the radioactivity and distance after a couple of experiments, two moving peaks were observed. The first peak moved 0.5-2 mm/day indicating that those are _________________ proteins which took up the radioactive AA whereas the second peak moved 200-400 mm/day indicating that those are _________________ proteins which took up the radioactive AA.
a. cytoplasmic, transmembrane
b. secreted, transmembrane
c. transmembrane, cytoplasmic
Answer:
cytoplasmic, transmembrane
Explanation:
Pulse chase experiment is an important technique used to analyze the cellular process by labeling the cells with radioactive compound.
The radioactive amino acids is injected into the rabbit's retina. Two different moving peaks are observed during the experiment. The first peak moved at 0.5-2 mm/day and second peak at 200-400 mm/day. These peaks are observed due to difference in the synthesis and transport rate of the protein. Cytoplasmic protein has slow transport and sorting rate, indicates the first peak. The second peak corresponds to transmembrane protein.
Thus, the correct answer is option (a).
What valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
the mitral valve, between the left atrium and left ventricle; and. the aortic valve, between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Which valve is between the left atrium and the ventricle?Mitral valve: This valve has two leaflets. They allow blood to flow from the lungs to the left atrium. And they prevent regurgitation from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
Usually, mitral valve prolapse is not life-threatening and does not require treatment or lifestyle changes. However, some people may need medication or surgery, especially if escape causes severe belching. Another name used to describe mitral valve prolapse are Barlow Syndrome.
Mitral valve disease occurs when the mitral valve is not functioning properly and allows blood to flow back into the left atrium. As a result, the heart does not pump enough blood from the left ventricle to supply the body with oxygen-rich blood.
Learn more about ventricle here: https://brainly.com/question/26387166
#SPJ2
A ship is able to float on water because it has a higher density than the water.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
the boat has a lower density therefore allowing it to float
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
The ship is capable of floating because its average density (considering the steel part and the air filled part) is less than the water density. Moreover, it is in equilibrium, partially immersed and subject to the action of two forces of the same and opposite modulus, the weight P and the thrust E, exerted by water.
But the stability of the ship does not depend on it alone. It also depends on the point of application of these forces. The weight force is applied to the center of gravity (CG), which is fixed, and the thrust is applied to the center of thrust (EC), which is variable.
Explain the steps involved in the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Every time we move, the muscles contract and relax. Even for a few seconds, it is a fairly complex process.
The cells that make up the skeletal muscle are called muscle fibers or myofibers and are long cylindrical structures surrounded by a plasma membrane called sarcolemma.
Each muscle cells contains thousands of myofibrils, formed by thin filaments (actin) and thick filaments (myosin), which interact to produce shortening of the muscle, contraction.
Muscle contraction is the result of the molecular interaction that occurs between the proteins (actin and myosin) that form the filaments contractile, leading to a slippage of the fine filaments on the thick filaments.
It can be divided as follows:
- The calcium that is outside the muscle cell enters through the cell membrane.
- Calcium, already inside the muscle cell, joins the actin and makes it rotate so that it can be anchored.
- Actin binds to the myosin head, then inorganic phosphate comes out of the myosin head that produces a change in volume.
- This volume change of the myosin head causes it to change from 90 degrees to 45 degrees.
Muscle contraction begins with a neurotransmitter signal that depolarizes the muscle fiber, causing an action potential that releases calcium ions. The calcium ions interact with actin and myosin, leading to the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. The muscle fiber continues to shorten as long as calcium ions are present and ATP is available.
Explanation:The contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber involves the following steps. It begins with a signal from the motor neuron innervating that fiber. This signal is a neurotransmitter, Acetylcholine (ACh), which triggers depolarization of the local membrane of the fiber. This depolarization leads to an action potential that spreads to the rest of the membrane, including the T-tubules. The action potential triggers the release of calcium ions (Ca++) from storage in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).
Once released, the Ca++ ions interact with the shielding proteins, making the actin-binding sites available for attachment by myosin heads. This attachment forms a cross-bridge between actin and myosin, leading to what is known as the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. The myosin pulls the actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere, causing the muscle fiber to shorten. This process will continue as long as Ca++ ions remain in the sarcoplasm and ATP is available.
Learn more about Muscle Contraction here:https://brainly.com/question/33888889
#SPJ3
3. If a plant cell was placed in a solution which was HYPOtonic to the salinity of the cell itself, what would be the expected reaction? a. Water enters the cell c. Water released from central vacuole b. Water exits the cell d. Cell becomes less rigid
Answer:
Water will exit the cell!
Explanation:
Because the solution is HYPOtonic, meaning the outside of the solution has a lower concentration of molecules (be it water, sugar, etc), the water within in the cell will leave in order to even out of the concentrations within and outside the cell.