Genetic drift can best be defined as
Answer:
A change in the allelic frequency within a population due to random chance.
Explanation:
Marcus is admitted to the hospital for a bone marrow stem cell transplant from his brother.What will happen after his brother's stem cells are transplanted into Marcus?
Answer:
The stem cells will lodge in Marcus's bone marrow so that it can produce normal blood cells again.
Explanation:
The medulla is a gelatinous tissue that lies inside the bones, especially the iliac, located in the hip, and the sternum in the middle of the chest. Its function is to originate the three types of cells that make up the blood: red blood cells, leukocytes and platelets. In some situations, the marrow cells become defective and do not properly supply the blood cells, and a bone marrow stem cell transplant is not required to solve the problem.
During transplantation donated stem cells are infused through a catheter in the chest region. They travel through the circulation until they reach the inside of the bones, where they take care of the area, gradually forming a new healthy marrow. In other words, the stem cells will lodge in the bone marrow so that it can produce normal blood cells again.
Transplantation is a success as the marrow begins to generate a healthy dose of healthy cells. This is proven when neutrophils, a type of defense unit, exceed the 500 / mm3 rate on exams for two consecutive days.
Shrimp are primary consumers that feed on photosynthetic organisms. why would these organisms likely be found only in shallow ocean zones?
You're looking for a "few good fats" that include essential fatty acids. the best place to find them would be in a ____________.
Identify each family member's genotype in this pedigree for high-altitude adaptation. if you can't tell with certainty whether an individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous dominant, place the label "rr or rr" in that box.
A patient is crying. the nurse can correctly conclude from this type of nonverbal communication that
In what way do nuclear reactors negatively affect ecosystems?
Answer:
The nuclear reactors are cooled down by using huge amount of water, this water when released in the atmosphere causes thermal pollution. the warm water when gets mixed in the lakes and rivers affects the aquatic life.The nuclear reactors does not releases carbon dioxide into the environment but the uranium that is used as a raw material has many negative consequences when it comes to mining.There can be misuse of the nuclear energy that can adversely affect the environment.A dihybrid cross is created from plants that are heterozygous for both round seeds and yellow seed color. What is the ratio of offspring that have round seeds and yellow seed color?
Answer:
1 : 1
Explanation:
According to the question, the parents are heterozygous (RrYy) and each would produce four types of gametes: RY, Ry, rY, ry.
Random mating between gametes of two parents gives phenotype ratio 9 round yellow: 3 round green : 3 wrinkled yellow : 1 wrinkled green.
Hence, ratio of round seeds ( 9 + 3 ) to yellow seeds color (9 + 3) is 12:12 = 1:1.
Your practice partner just ordered an exercise echocardiography 2de for a patient with suspected cardiovascular risk. this patient has known resting wall motion abnormalities. why would this not be the best test to assess this patient's cardiac risk?
A nurse is caring for a client receiving a gastric tube feeding. what nursing actions should be taken to prevent overfeeding?
What happens to the force of gravity between two masses if one mass is increased
In general, what is not affected by the ingestion of caffeine?
a. behavioral consequences of alcohol intoxication
b. the risk of cardiovascular disease
c. the time it takes to fall asleep
d. performance of boring or repetitive tasks
Calculate what the maximum rate of translation by a ribosome in a bacterial cell would have to be, in units of amino acids per second, so as not to overtake an rna polymerase that is transcribing mrna at a rate of 60 nucleotides per second.
A virus that attacks a bacterium is called a _____. (concept 19.1)
How do doctors and researchers decide whether a disease is a good candidate for gene therapy? what are the advantages and disadvantages of using viral vectors for gene therapy? what factors must be considered when choosing a vector for a gene therapy trial? a young boy suffers from neurofibromatosis type 1 (nf1), a genetic nervous system disorder that causes tumors to grow around nerve cells. the gene for nf1, approximately 8,400 base pairs long, is located on chromosome 11. what is the best candidate for a vector for gene therapy in this case? provide evidence from your research to support your choice. how does traditional gene therapy compare to the crispr-cas9 genome editing system? genome editing has many advantages for treating and preventing diseases, however there are many ethical concerns. explain one ethical concern related to genome editing. many athletes and administrators fear the widespread use of gene doping—the use of gene therapy to modify genes that improve athletic performance. describe at least two genetic modifications that would improve the performance of an athlete. make sure to mention the body system(s) affected as well as the specific goal of the therapy. explain how gene therapy can impact the future of humans as it relates to curing diseases and gene selection?
Diseases that are best candidates for gene therapy are those whose disorder has been identified to be a malfunctioning gene and the biology of the gene is well known. Gene therapy is also viable where the proper gene can be correctly delivered and replace the malfunctioned one.
The advantage of using viruses in gene theory is their effectiveness in delivering the desired gene by tapping into their natural mechanisms of infection. However, disadvantages include the risks of affecting healthy cells while targeting sick cells and wrong placement of the desired gene hence causing undesirable mutations in DNA.
One factor is the length of the DNA that is required to be replaced through gene therapy. Most vectors have a maximum length of DNA that they can carry for effective transduction. Another is the range of cell types that the vector can infect and the risk of immune response/ allergic reaction/ side effects.
The best vectors are herpes or vaccinia viruses. The viruses are able to infect non-dividing cells such as the nerve cell. The vectors can accommodate 8400 bp in their genome and the transgene expressions have the potential to last long.
Traditional gene editing techniques such as TALENS and ZFN use modular proteins that target nucleotide sequences. In the CRISPR tool, the Cas9 protein is steered by a guide RNA (which is a complementary sequence to the target sequence) to the target region.
One ethical issue of gene editing is its use in genetic enhancement to develop ‘designer babies’. The question of who should decide on whether a trait is bad or good also complicates this matter. The morality of artificiality enhancing attributes such as strength, athletic capability, intelligence, and etcetera could lead to an unhealthy ‘arms race’ between humans.
In sports doping, gene editing could be used to enhance genes that enhance muscle strength by targeting myostatin (MSTN) and GF-1 genes. Genes that promote quick break down of lactic acid and increases oxygen capacity of the lungs and blood such as EPO gene could be targets of sports doping.
Gene editing will treat diseases and disorders by repairing the causative defective gene. This is already applicable in cystic fibrosis. Artificial gene selection will be common in future thanks to gene editing. Future humans will, therefore, have ‘desirable traits’ or new traits depending on what is appealing to the society.
Which statement is true about gravitational force? It is inversely proportional to mass. It increases with distance. It is an attractive force that depends on mass and distance. It is an attractive force that depends on temperature and pressure.
Answer:
the third one
Explanation:
A patient has been admitted to the hospital with exacerbation of heart failure (hf) that has resulted in pulmonary and peripheral edema. the nurse has been carefully monitoring the trajectory of the patient's signs and symptoms of hf. how can the nurse best monitor the patient's fluid balance?
Which statement describes the steps for chemical cycling in an old-growth forest? A) Trees create soil erosion, decay occurs, and trees take up soil nutrients.
B) Trees shade the ground, decay is slow, and trees take up soil nutrients.
C) Trees lose leaves, nutrients run off the soil, and soil erodes.
D) Trees create soil erosion, nutrients evaporate, and trees give off oxygen.
E) Trees take up soil nutrients, decay is slow, and trees give off oxygen.
Answer:
B) Trees shade the ground, decay is slow, and trees take up soil nutrients.
Explanation:
If you have ever been through a forest or a forest, you may have noticed that the soil in these environments is covered with organic matter. Leaves, branches, trees and even animals that end their natural life cycle end up disposing there, becoming great sources of nutrients after decomposition. Remember that in nature nothing is lost!
This process is known as “nutrient cycling,” which in other words means a continuous exchange of life-essential substances that takes place from soil to plants, and vice versa. In a dynamic interdependence, trees and plants return to the soil what has been "consumed" for their development, through the fall of leaves, fruits, and other things that will decompose, and thereafter, through the flow of energy, end up. getting back that extra little help.
This process occurs in the following steps: Trees shade the ground with falling leaves and fruits, decay is slow, and trees absorb soil nutrients from the decay.
The deed of trust is most closely associated with
Which element is found in both DNA and protein?
A.Sulfur
B.Sodium
C.Nitrogen
D.Chlorine
The correct answer is:
Nitrogen:
Explanation:
Nitrogen is a common happening element that is necessary for growth and reproduction in both plants and animals. It is found in amino acids that make up proteins, in nucleic acids, that constitute the genetic material and life's blueprint for all cells, and in many other organic and inorganic compounds.
A cell has damaged DNA. Which checkpoint is responsible for checking this? M checkpoint
A cell has damaged DNA. The G2 checkpoint is responsible for checking this abnormality during the cell cycle.
How many checkpoints are there in a cell cycle?There are three major checkpoints that can be seen in the cell cycle. They are G1/S checkpoints, G2/M checkpoints, and the spindle assembly checkpoints (SAC).
The G2 checkpoint is responsible for checking the accurate replication of all chromosomes that have already been replicated. It also ensures that the replicated DNA is not damaged before the cell enters mitosis.
The G1 checkpoint prevents cells from replicating damaged forms of DNA and forces the cell to remain in the resting state.
Cell cycle checkpoints significantly regulate and control the overall mechanism of the cell cycle in eukaryotic organisms. They also ensure the accurate and valid progression of the cell cycle in each step of it.
Therefore, a cell has damaged DNA. The G2 checkpoint is responsible for checking this abnormality during the cell cycle.
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What structures do sponges possess that may prevent other animals from eating them?
The answer is spicules. These sharp-pointed structures are formed from calcium carbonate skeleton of the organisms. They can also be formed from silica. They can be big (megascleres), or microscopic (microscleres). Also dependent on the number of axis on the spicules, they are classified as monoaxon, triaxon or polyaxon.
The major threat the GM foods pose to human health is:
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The table below shows the salmon population, in thousands of pounds, in Columbia River, from 1870 to 1950.
Year Salmon population (in thousands of pounds)
1870 10,200
1890 20,000
1915 20,500
1931 30,000
1950 10,000
Based on the table, which of these is most likely the period during which a series of large hydropower units were built on the Columbia River?
A. between 1870 and 1890
B. between 1890 and 1915
C. between 1915 and 1931
D. between 1931 and 1950
Answer:
Option D, between 1931 and 1950
Explanation:
The hydraulic structure of dam has some sub structures which interferes with the natural navigation of the fishes within any water body.
Due to such interference the fishes get diverted to a different path of flow and hence are not accountable. This causes reduction in the number of fish counts.
The higher the construction of dams, the higher will be the effect of it on the fish navigation which will ultimately lead to reduction in fish count.
Hence, option D is correct.
in what ways is the ocean at 1,000 meters deep different from the ocean at the surface in the same location
Pure Aluminum foil distilled water Na Cl (table salt) Gold Bar (pure Au) All of these may be classified as A) elements. B) compounds. C) pure substances. D) organic compound.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
pure substances
Pure Aluminum foil, distilled water, NaCl (table salt), and Gold Bar (pure Au) All of these may be classified as pure substances. Therefore, option C is correct.
What are pure substances?Pure substances are substances that are made up of only one type of particle, either atoms or molecules and have a constant composition throughout.
They cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means, such as filtering or distillation. Examples of pure substances include elements, which are composed of only one type of atom, and compounds, which are composed of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
Pure substances have well-defined physical and chemical properties, such as melting and boiling points, that can be used to identify them. Thus, option C is correct.
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Perforation plates are characteristic of the ________ of __________.
The recessive allele that causes sickle cell anemia is harmful to homozygous individuals. what maintains the presence of this allele in a population's gene pool?
The one responsible for maintain the presence of this allele in the population’s gene pool is the heterozygote advantage. It is because the advantage of having this for a sickle cell disease is that if a person has a strong heterozygote advantage and that he or she has a copy of the allele that cause the sickle cell disease, the person will likely be resistant to the disease because of the heterozygote advantage in which the heterozygote genotype has a higher relative fitness making it resistant to the disease.
The element silicon is hard and brittle crystalline solid with a blue-gray metallic luster. Silicon is used as a semiconductor. Based on these properties as well as the location in the periodic table, we would classify silicon as a A) metal B) nonmetal C) metalloid D) rare Earth element
Answer: C) metalloid
Explanation: Metals are the elements which can easily lose electrons and are hard, ductile and possess luster. They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Non metals are the elements which can easily gain electrons and are soft, non ductile and do not possess luster. They are insulators of heat and electricity.
Metalloids are the elements which have intermediate properties between those of metals and non metals and are called as semiconductors.
Thus Silicon is a metalloid.