Increase in the worlds population will require a. Increase in sustainable practices. True or false

Answers

Answer 1
Increases in the world's population will require an increase in sustainable practices: True
Answer 2

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Edge 2021


Related Questions

based on the model of cellular transport, the hydrolysis of ATP and ADP provide a mechanism for

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

They move against the gradient : this is coming directly from USAtestprep

Based on the model of cellular transport, the hydrolysis of ATP and ADP provides a mechanism for moving against the gradient.

What is active transport?

Active transport is a type of cellular transport that involves the use of ATP to move substances across membranes.

Active transport can move substances and ions against a concentration gradient.

Conversely, passive transport moves substances in favor of a concentration gradient.

In conclusion, based on the model of cellular transport, the hydrolysis of ATP and ADP provides a mechanism for moving against the gradient.

Learn more in:

https://brainly.com/question/25802833

In an investigation of the cycling of environmental gases, a
student placed water and bromthymol blue in each of four test
tubes as shown in the diagrams below. No additional items were
placed in tube 1, a snail was placed in tube 2, an aquatic plant
(elodea) was placed in tube 3, and both a snail and an elodea
were placed in tube 4. The tubes were then stoppered and placed
in bright light for 24 hours.
Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3 Tube 4
How would the solution in tube 3 change after 24 hours?
A) It would change from yellow to blue.
B) It would change from blue to brick red.
C) It would contain more oxygen.
D) It would contain less nitrogen.

Answers

Answer:

D) It would contain less nitrogen.

Explanation:

In an investigation of the cycling of environmental gases, a  student placed water and bromthymol blue in each of four test  tubes as shown in the diagrams below. No additional items were  placed in tube 1, a snail was placed in tube 2, an aquatic plant  (elodea) was placed in tube 3, and both a snail and an elodea  were placed in tube 4. The tubes were then stoppered and placed  in bright light for 24 hours. The solution in tube 3 changes after 24 hours because it would contain less nitrogen.

The dfferent tubes are shown in the picture that I uploaded.

Final answer:

The solution in tube 3 would likely change from yellow to blue, indicating it would contain more oxygen after 24 hours in bright light, due to the process of photosynthesis performed by the elodea plant.

C is correct

Explanation:

When considering the change that would occur in tube 3 containing water, bromthymol blue, and an aquatic plant (elodea) after 24 hours in bright light, we must take into account the process of photosynthesis. The presence of the aquatic plant will lead to the consumption of carbon dioxide and the production of oxygen.

Since bromthymol blue is an indicator that turns yellow in the presence of an acid (like carbonic acid formed when CO2 dissolves in water) and blue in the presence of a base (fewer hydrogen ions present when CO2 is consumed), the expected change should be: It would contain more oxygen (answer choice C), implying more CO2 will be consumed and less carbonic acid will be present.

This means the solution in tube 3 would likely change from yellow to blue over time (answer choice A). However, the question specifically asks about the change in gas concentration, thus 'it would contain more oxygen' is the most accurate description of the expected change due to the activity of the elodea performing photosynthesis.

Learn more about Photosynthesis here:

https://brainly.com/question/29764662

#SPJ3

2. How does the structure of an enzyme affect its function?

Answers

Explanation:

Enzymes. Most enzymes are proteins and therefore their function is specific to their structure. ... The enzyme binds with the appropriate substrate only in the correct alignment and orientation to connect the molecules. The resulting enzyme-substrate complex enables the reaction to occur.

What are the main functions of DNA polymerase?

Answers

DNA is carrying our genetic information from parents to offspring.

DNA polymerases are critical for DNA replication, ensuring the synthesis of new DNA strands, proofreading to correct errors, and exhibiting high processivity. They also have specialized functions such as removing RNA primers and initiating DNA replication.

DNA polymerases are essential enzymes in the process of DNA replication, performing several critical functions to ensure the accuracy and completeness of DNA synthesis.

Main Functions of DNA Polymerase

DNA synthesis: DNA polymerase catalyzes the incorporation of deoxynucleotides into a growing DNA strand, following the template DNA strand to create a new complementary strand.Proofreading: To maintain high fidelity during DNA replication, DNA polymerase possesses proofreading activity, using its 3' to 5' exonuclease function to correct errors by removing mispaired nucleotides.Processivity: The enzyme’s ability to rapidly synthesize long strands of DNA without frequently dissociating from the DNA template is termed processivity, which is crucial for efficient replication.

Specific DNA polymerases also have unique roles, such as the removal of RNA primers by DNA polymerase I, whereas DNA polymerase III is the main functional polymerase at the replication fork in E. coli. In eukaryotes, like humans, DNA polymerases δ and ε perform the majority of replicative functions, with DNA polymerase α initiating replication.

a hypothetical cell has approximate shape of a shape of a sphere. rhw diameter of thw spherical cell os six units long. another cell is shpaed like a cylider which has the diameter of 6 units and a height or length of 400 units long. determine the volum of both.

Answers

Answer:

The sphere: volume is about 113.1

The cylinder: Volume is about 11309.73

Explanation:

This is done by using the formula for the volume of a sphere ( v=4/3 pi r^3) and the formula for the volume of a cylinder (v=pi r^2 h). You plug in things such as radius, height, and pi or 3.14 into a calculator.

Final answer:

The volume of the spherical cell is 36π cubic units, while the cylindrical cell's volume is 3600π cubic units. The volume of a cell has a significant impact on its function and efficiency.

Explanation:

The question is asking to determine the volume of two different cells: a spherical cell and a cylindrical cell, both have a diameter of 6 units, with the cylindrical cell having a height of 400 units.

In geometry, volume describes the amount of space an object occupies. The formula to calculate the volume of a sphere is V = 4/3πr³ and for a cylinder, it is V = πr²h. Here, r stands for radius and h stands for height.

In the case of the sphere, since the diameter is given as 6 units, the radius would be 3 units. So, the volume of sphere would be V = 4/3*π*3³ = 36π cubic units.

For the cylindrical cell, the diameter is also 6 units, making the radius 3 units. The height is given as 400 units. The volume of the cylinder would be V = π*3²*400 = 3600π cubic units.

These calculations can give you the volume of the cell shapes, and further helps you understand how size and shape can affect a cell's function and efficiency.

Learn more about Volume Calculation here:

https://brainly.com/question/33318354

#SPJ3

Where do most human inputs of outdoor air pollutants occur?
in the mountains
around oceans
in deserts
in urban areas

Answers

Answer:in urban areas let me know if i was right or wrong

Explanation:

Answer:

in urban areas is the correct answer.

Explanation:

most human inputs of outdoor air pollutants occur in the urban areas.

its occur in the urban areas because of the following reasons

In the urban areas, people are more depended on cars, vehicles and chemicals industries that are there which give rise to outdoor air pollutants.burning of fossil fuels in the power factory, in a machine vehicle and the industrial plants, generate large outdoor pollutants in the urban areas.

Anna heated 15 g of Substance A to obtain 5 g of substance B, 4 g of Substance C, and a certain amount of Substance D, which statement is correct

A) the mass of substance D was 10g less than the mass of substance A
B) the mass of substance D was 1 g greater than the mass of substance B
C) the mass of substance A was equal to the total mass of substance C and substance D
D) the mass of substance A was equal the the total mass of substance B and substance D

Answers

Answer:

I think its B

Explanation:

A food business such as a restaurant must be certain to purchase their food products from a _______ source.

Answers

Answer:

Reputed

Explanation:

A food source is reputed because it sells original food products and also that is not stale.

In a restaurant, if the food products should be purchased from a reputed source as it will ensure that the items are not stale and also the customers will be happy to know that the food that is being served to them is not made of rotten items and also collected from a renowned source. Thus, the purchase also increases.

A(n) _____ bond joins these two oxygen atoms.

Answers

Answer:

Covalent bond

Explanation:

What characteristics do all living things share

Answers

I had biology last year and these are the 8 things that make something a living thing


Here is the list of characteristics shared by living things:
Cellular organization.
Reproduction.
Metabolism.
Homeostasis.
Heredity.
Response to stimuli.
Growth and development.
Adaptation through evolution.

What is definition of law

Answers

Answer:

Answer in explanation

Explanation:

the system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties.

Can someone please help ASAP !

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

When water has little energy, it cannot carry the load of sediment, so it is deposited

Answer:

Explanation:

yes

Which of the following was evidence cited by Alfred Wegener that the continents were once one large land mass he called Pangaea?

Similar fossils were found around the world

The ages, layers, and types of rocks on mountains in separated continents were the same

The shapes of the continents looked like they could fit together

All of the above

Answers

Answer:

D. All of the above.

Explanation:

Alfred Wegener was certain than continents were once gathered together in a gigantic landmass known as Pangaea.

To support this theory, he collected different pieces of evidence:

Fossil evidence: Wegener stated that various fossils from plants and animals that were found on separate continents were located there and nowhere else, which suggested that these continents were once joined. For instance, the fossils of a freshwater reptile known as Mesosaurus are found in both Southern Africa and Eastern Southern America. As it is unlikely for this animal to move between both continents, it is suggested that both continents were once joined.Ages, layers, and types of rocks: Wegener matched rocks from separated continents and realized that they matched like puzzle pieces. He stated that mountain ranges that are located on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean possess the same rock ages, types, and layers. The shapes of continents look like they fit together: Alfred Wegener also suggested that the shape of separated continents looked like they were once joined. In fact, in 1910, he wrote to his wife the following thought: "Doesn't the east coast of South America fit exactly against the west coast of Africa, as if they had once been joined?"

2. You consume a piece of candy that contains 150 glucose
molecules. Calculate the number of
1. carbon atoms you consumed:
Il hydrogen atoms you consumed:
ill. oxygen atoms you consumed:

Answers

When we consume a piece of candy we gain about 900 carbon atoms, 1800 hydrogen atoms and about 900 oxygen atoms.

Explanation:

The glucose molecule has a structure that contains 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and about 6 oxygen atoms. The glucose is the only chemical that can go through the glycolysis, kerb cycle and the electron transport chain to yield ATP molecules.

This ATP molecules provide as a source of energy to the entire organism. The excess of glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in our body.

There’s a lot . I also need help

Answers

Answer to question one-
The equation for density is mass/volume. Therefore, if we follow these steps, we can easily figure out which has the lowest density. The following is the math and densities for each sample

Sample 1- Volume 13 Mass 30
Equation is 30/13
Our density is about 2.3

Sample 2- Volume 20 Mass 72
Equation is 72/30
Our density is 2.4

Sample 3- Volume 2 Mass 22
Equation is 22/2
Our density is 11

Sample 4- Volume 41 Mass 103
Equation is 103/42
Our density is about 2.5

With our equation, we are able to find all of our densities. These are 2.3,2.4,11, and 2.5. The lowest or smallest number is 2.3.

Therefore the sample with the lowest density is sample A.

Question 5-
The answer is 14.

This is because the rock raises the water by 5. Using our equation from the last problem (Density=Mass/Volume). We can again find the answer.

The problem states that then mass is 70. We found out the volume is 5.
Our equation: 70/5
Our density: 14

The answer is C,14

Which tool is most likely to be used to produce a clear image of very tiny structures inside a cell? a light microscope b electron microscope c magnetic resonance imaging d computer model

Answers

Electron microscope is most likely to be used to produce a clear image of very tiny structures inside a cell

Answer: B. Electron microscope

Explanation:

The electron microscope is a kind of magnifying instrument that utilises electrons to make a picture of the objective. It has a lot higher amplification or settling power than a typical light microscope. The tiny structures inside the cell are easily visible under the electron microscope.

The electron microscope can be scanning electron microscope or tunnelling electron microscope. Both the type of electron microscopes differ in function but uses electron as its source of illumination.

Which pair of structures would provide a positive identification of a plant cell under a microscope?


(a)ribosomes, chloroplasts
(b)cell wall, chloroplast
(c)plasma membrane, large central vacuole
(d)cell wall, mitochondria​

Answers

Answer:

The correct option is Option B i.e. cell walls and chloroplasts.

Explanation:

1. The plant cells differ with the animal cells with respect to some points.

2. Firstly, the presence of cell walls are exclusive for plants and totally absent in animals.

3. Secondly, the presence of chloroplasts or plastids is exclusive for plants.

4. Thirdly, vacuoles are huge in plant cells, but smaller in animals. They give extra support to each cells for standing, and also to store several excretory products.

The pair of structures that would provide positive identification of a plant cell under a microscope are cell wall and chloroplast (Option b).

Plant cells have a cell wall mainly composed of a complex carbohydrate called cellulose.

This structure (cell wall) provides structural support to plant cells.

Moreover, plant cells also have an organelle known as chloroplast, which serves to synthesize simple carbohydrates (sugars) by a process known as photosynthesis.

In conclusion, the pair of structures that would provide positive identification of a plant cell under a microscope are cell wall and chloroplast (Option b).

Learn more in:

https://brainly.com/question/11136550?referrer=searchResults

A diagram showing limited variations of life developing from the creation model would appear as: a tree a forest of unique trees a tree with different branches

Answers

Answer:

a forest of unique trees

Answer:

The answer would be A Forest of Unique Trees

Hope this helps.

-Que

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Answers

Answer:

One example of a mutualistic relationship is that of the oxpecker (a kind of bird) and the rhinoceros or zebra. Oxpeckers land on rhinos or zebras and eat ticks and other parasites that live on their skin. The oxpeckers get food and the beasts get pest control

The best example of mutualism among the given options is a. Lichens.

Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species involved benefit. A strong example of mutualism is found in lichens.

Lichens are not a single organism but rather a close association between a fungus (usually from the Ascomycota or Basidiomycota phyla) and a photosynthetic partner such as a eukaryotic alga or a prokaryotic cyanobacterium.

In this mutualistic relationship:

The fungus absorbs water and essential minerals from the surrounding environment (air, rock, or soil) and forms the structural body of the lichen called the thallus.The photosynthetic partner provides carbon and energy in the form of carbohydrates through photosynthesis, which is utilized by the fungus.Some cyanobacteria associated with lichens also fix atmospheric nitrogen, adding nitrogenous compounds to the relationship.

This mutualistic partnership allows both organisms to thrive in environments where they might not survive individually. Therefore, among the given options, Lichens represent a clear example of mutualism.

complete question;

Which one of the following is an example of mutualism ?

a. Lichens

b. Hypertrophy

c. Cuscuta

d. Nepenthes

Which best describes the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

A) A hypothesis can be tested and a theory has already been tested.
B) A theory can be tested and a hypothesis has already been tested.
C) A hypothesis must be testable and theory does not need to be testable.
D) A theory must be testable and hypothesis does not need to be testable.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

A hypothesis is the first stage into becoming a theory. A hypothesis that has already been tested multiple times with the same outcome, becomes a theory.

Answer:

The answer is C

Explanation:

What hands-on training program is required for doctors?

Answers

Answer:

Family medicine residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) require three years of training. As with other specialties, family medicine residency programs have specific requirements with certain numbers of hours that must be completed for board certification.

HOPE THIS HELPED!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! XDDDDDDDDDDDD

Doctors require hands-on training programs like clinical rotations, internships, and residencies to gain practical experience before practicing independently.

Hands-on training programs required for doctors typically include clinical rotations during medical school, internships, and residencies. During these programs, doctors gain practical experience working with patients under the supervision of experienced professionals. For example, after graduating from medical school, doctors in the United States must complete a residency program in their chosen speciality to become fully licensed.

Which Is A Clue That A Chemical Change Has Occured?
A. A beaker suddenly becomes very warm when you mix two room-temperature liquids in it.
B. A liquid forms bubbles when it reaches a high temperature.
C. Water changes color when you add food coloring to it.
D. A car door feels hot if you touch it on a summer afternoon.

Answers

Answer: A

Explanation:

B: That’s boiling

C: That’s physical.

D: That’s just heat being added.

It’s A because two liquids making one warmer liquid isn’t natural without a chemical making it do so.

Chemical change has occur in A beaker suddenly becomes very warm when you mix two room-temperature liquids in it.

What is chemical change?

An alteration of one or more compounds into one or more new and distinct substances is referred to as a chemical change or chemical reaction. In other words, a chemical change is an atomic rearrangement-based chemical process.

A chemical change normally cannot be reversed unless through additional chemical processes, although a physical change can frequently be done so.

The energy of the system changes when a chemical shift takes place. An exothermic reaction is a chemical transformation that produces heat. An endothermic reaction is one that absorbs heat. Chemical changes known as inorganic chemical transformations typically do not involve the element carbon.

Therefore, Chemical change has occur in A beaker suddenly becomes very warm when you mix two room-temperature liquids in it.

To learn more about chemical change, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/14448945

#SPJ2

63. A student wanted to determine if slugs preferred green leaf lettuce
leaves over purple cabbage leaves for food. Pieces of both leaves
were cut. One piece of each type of leaf and one slug were placed in
each often containers. After three days, the surface area of each leaf
section was measured and the results were recorded in a data table.
State one reason that the results of this experiment might be considered
Invalid. ​

Answers

The result might be considered invalid because:-

The time interval was not recorded when the slugs were placed.An experiment should be performed various time to consider a result.

What to do while performing an experiment?Ask a question based on observation. Make observations. Refine  hypothesis. Select a specific variable to test.Pick a control group.Conduct tests.Continue  tests.

To know more about hypothesis here

https://brainly.com/question/17173491

#SPJ2

Which part of an investigation is only found in an experimental investigation? a hypothesis a control group a procedure a conclusion

Answers

Answer:

The control group

Explanation:

The control group can be described as the group, which is being used to test any hypothesis or experiment,  in which there are no changes made by a researcher. It serves as a platform to compare the other groups and the changes occurring in them. All the results from an experiment are deduced by comparing the changes from the control group. Thus, every experiment investigation has a control group.

Answer:

control group

Explanation:

285 in scientific notation would be
o 2.85 x 102
285.0
28.5 x 10
EESTE
285 x 103
12.8 x 10²

Answers

Answer:

[tex]2.85 \times {10}^{2}[/tex]

which of these nutrients can be found in all organic compoumds

Answers

Answer: proteins and vitamins

Explanation:

The nutrients that contain carbon in their structural makeup are referred to as organic nutrients, whereas those that do not contain carbon are called inorganic nutrients. Therefore, the organic nutrients are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and vitamins. These nutrients are important for energy.

9. This part of Burt's brain helps him produce language?

Answers

Broca’s area controls speech production


Very long and large organic molecules called

Answers

Organic compounds are molecules built around the element carbon (C). Living things are made up of very large molecules. These large molecules are called macromolecules because “macro” means large; they are made by smaller molecules bonding together

Answer:

Macromolecules.

Explanation:

Molecules may be defined as the substance that are made up of the same or different molecules. Two main type of molecules on the basis of their structure and weight are macromolecules.

Macromolecules are made of the large number of subunits. They have large molecular weight and formed generally by the process of polymerisation. Organic macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acid. Large number of atoms are involve in the formation of macromolecule.

Thus, the answer is macromolecules.

will mark brainliest

Answers

Answer:

The second one

Explanation:

As it says, there has been a rapid increase in global temperatures. Looking at the charts, we look at the year, then the temperature. In the first one, It goes from high, to higher, then to lower. So that one is incorrect. The third one, we start really high, then go lower. So that one is wrong. The last one starts high, then goes low, then high again. So that one is obviously wrong. The second one stars low, then goes higher. So, that one is the correct one. Does this help?

Answer:

I would go with option b while it is increasing at a more of a linear rate than exponential; it seems to be the only one really increasing.

There are approximately 200 different types of cells in the human body although all cells are dependent on other cells to perform body functions. Explain how your model supports this statement

Answers

Answer:

Group of cells construct the organs of human body which helps our body to function properly.

Explanation:

All living things are made up of cells. Human body is constituted of approximately 200 cells. Not every cell functions equally. Different cells function differently. However, the cells which has the same work to do they combine to form tissues, and groups of cell constructs human organs like heart, lungs etc. which functions together to control the body.

So it can be said that though not directly but cells are indirectly dependent on each other to perform body function.  

Answer:

The model shows that some cells make substances such as proteins for other cells to use and support their functions. So, the model shows that each particular type of cell relies on other cells to support all the functions in the human body.

Other Questions
A car is traveling 20 m/s and slows down at a uniform rate. It stops in 6 seconds. How far has it traveled in this interval? This should be a very simple question on interior angles adding up to 180, however, I'm continuously getting it wrong. Help! Before Baby A was born, she was not sending much blood to her lungs. Instead, the blood passed through the septal defect into the left atrium, which sent it to the left ventricle and to her body. But why didn't the baby die if no blood was going through her lungs?(A) She was so small that the small amount of blood that did go through her lungs was enough(B) She was getting her oxygen from placenta, not from breathing (C) Before the last trimester, babies use anaerobic respiration, so she did not need oxygen (D) She sent her blood out into her mother's body and through her mothers lungs instead I agree to hire you for 30days. You can decide between two methods of payment: either (1) $1000 a day, or (2) one penny on the first day, two pennies on the second day and continue to double your daily pay each day up to day 30. Use quick estimation to make your decision, and justify it. A cheetah is walking at 5.0m/s when it sees a zebra 35m away. What acceleration would be required for the cheetah to reach 25.0 m/s in that distance? Ms. Gooden feeds stray cats in the park every evening. She never knows how many cats will come to be fed. The food is always shared equally among the cats that are at the park. One evening, when 6 cups of cat food were shared, each cat received 2 3 cup of cat food. How many cats were fed that evening? Everyone who has graduated from TopNotch High School has an intelligence quotient (IQ) of over 120. Most students with an IQ of over 120 and all students with an IQ of over 150 who apply to one or more Ivy League universities are accepted by at least one of them. The statements above, if true, best support which of the following conclusions? a) Every graduate of TopNotch High School with an IQ of 150 has been accepted to at least one Ivy-League school. b) If a person is a high-school graduate and has an IQ of less than 100, he or she could not have been a student at TopNotch High School. c) If a person has an IQ of 130 and is attending an Ivy-League school, it is possible for him or her to have graduated from TopNotch High School. d) At least one graduate from TopNotch high school who has applied to at least one Ivy-League university has been accepted to one of them. e) If a high-school graduate has an IQ of 150 and is not attending an Ivy-League school, then he or she did not apply to one of them. Nine more than the quotient of two and a number xI really need help!! Chelsea walked up a road that has 15% grade to get to her favorite store. That means the slope of the hill was 15/100. At what angle does the road come up from the ground ? Which of the following is an example of structural unemployment? A. Dora lost her job when the textile mill closed. She does not have skills to work in another industry and has been unemployed for over a year. B. Marsha was laid off from her job with the airline because the recession has reduced the demand for airline travel. She expects to get her job back when the economy picks up. C. Alan, a software engineer, lost his job when the internet startup he worked for went bankrupt. He interviewed with five companies in the area before taking a job with another firm in the industry. D. Jim had a job as an engineer, but quit when his wife was transferred to another state. He looked for a month before finding a new job that he liked. For what values of q are the two vectors A = i + j + kq each other and B-iq-23 + 2kg perpendicular to List the four central nervous system malformations that causepolyhydramnios. What is the measure of what is 0.00000000055 in scirntific notation which of the following is the most likely result of eating disorders in the long term? As data traverses a network, what address changes with each connection?A: network B: transport C: physical D: MAC address A blue car pulls away from a red stop-light just after it has turned green with a constant acceleration of 0.5 m/s 2 . A green car arrives at the position of the stop-light 5 s after the light had turned green. If t = 0 when the light turns green, at what time does the green car catch the blue car if the green car maintains the slowest constant speed necessary to catch up to t Which of the following had the effect of legalizing segregation for nearly 60 years? In an experiment to measure the density of iron, the following data was obtained. Book value is 7.86 g/cm3. One of the two sets of data is more precise, while one is more accurate. Which of these two sets has the greater precision and which has the greater accuracy (a) 7.72, 7.74. 7.73. 7.75, 7.74 (b) 7.86, 7.90, 7.78, 7.93, 7.83 Which is more precise? Which is more accurate? Sheffield Corp. earned $2120 for architecture services provided with the fee to be paid in the future. No entry was made at the time the service was provided. If the fee has not been paid by the end of the accounting period and no adjusting entry is made, this would cause: a. net income to be overstated. b. revenues to be overstated. c. liabilities to be understated. d. revenues to be understated.