Answer:
Many network and communication protocols require bit stuffing for the following purposes: to avoid the interpretation of data as control information. For example, with six consecutive 1 bits, X.25 uses the bit stuffing,signal the beginning and end of a frame.
High-level Data link control (HDLC) is a bit-oriented protocol for point-to-point and multi-point communication.P/F bits are present in HDLC control field.
So,Yes bit stuffing is necessary in control field.
When an integer is subtracted from a pointer variable, the value of the pointer variable is decremented by the integer times half the size of the memory to which the pointer is pointing.
True
False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
When you apply subtraction (arithmetic operation) on Pointer variable ,then pointer variable is decremented by the (integer*sizeofmemory).
Example
#include<stdio.h>
//driver function
int main()
{
float *ptr=(float *)100; //initializing ptr as pointer type
ptr=ptr-2; //subtracting pointer by 2(integer)
printf("New Value of ptr is %u",ptr);
return 0;
}
Output
New Value of ptr is 92
Explanation of Code
ptr = ptr - 2 * (sizeof(float))
= 100 - 2 * (4) //float size is 4 bytes
= 100 - 8
= 92
Describe how you can use multiple arguments in a method.
Answer:
name(argument_1, argument_2, argument_3,.......);
Explanation:
The function is a block of the statement which performs the special task.
Syntax for calling the function:
name(argument_1, argument_2, argument_3,.......);
we write the name of the function and passed the arguments.
we can pass any number of arguments with separator ',' in the function calling.
for example:
1. print(name, value, count, a, b);
2. print(name, value);
Here, name, value, count,a and b are the arguments of the function.
if we does not pass any argument, the function still valid in the programming.
we can pass from Null to any number of argument.
Final answer:
To use multiple arguments in a method, separate them with a comma within the method's parentheses. This approach enables methods to perform more dynamic and flexible operations with variable inputs. An example includes a method to add two numbers, defined with two arguments, which are supplied in the same order when the method is called.
Explanation:
Using multiple arguments in a method allows for more dynamic and flexible code, enabling the method to perform tasks with variable inputs. In programming, a method can be understood as a set of instructions that performs a particular task. Arguments are inputs you give to a method so that it can perform its task with specific data. To use multiple arguments, you simply separate them with a comma within the parentheses of a method call.
For example, if you have a method designed to add two numbers, you might define it as follows: add(int num1, int num2). Here, num1 and num2 are the arguments. When calling this method, you would provide two numbers as arguments like add(5, 7), instructing the method to add 5 and 7.
In more complex scenarios, such as in object-oriented programming, methods might require multiple arguments of different types, such as strings, integers, or even objects. This variety allows developers to construct highly customizable and efficient code. For instance, a method for creating a user profile might require several arguments such as name, age, and email address: createUserProfile(String name, int age, String email).
When designing methods that accept multiple arguments, it’s important to consider the order of arguments, as they must be supplied in the same order when the method is called. Additionally, leveraging method overloading - defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters - increases flexibility and readability in how methods can be used with varying arguments.
Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Message body in reachable by the main program.
b. Two methods can have the same header.
c. Formal and actual parameters may have the samenames.
d. Local variables are recognized by the mainprogram.
Answer: D. Local variables are recognized by the main program
Explanation: Local variables can be accessed in the function that they are defined within .If you require the variables which should be accessible by every function in a particular program the they should be defined globally in the program . Therefore local variables are recognized by the main program throughout.
Answer:
d. Local variables are recognized by the main program.
Explanation:
Local variables are recognized by the main program, is a true statement.
However, message body in reachable by the main program, two methods can have the same header, and formal and actual parameters may have the same names are NOT true statements.
Assume that to_the_power_of is a function that expects two int parameters and returns the value of the first parameter raised to the power of the second parameter. Write a statement that calls to_the_power_of to compute the value of cube_side raised to the power of 3 and that associates this value with cube_volume.
Answer:
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int to_the_power_of(int first, int second){
int result = pow(first, second);
return result;
}
int main()
{
int side;
cout<<"Enter the side of cube: ";
cin>>side;
int volume = to_the_power_of(side, 3);
cout<<"The volume is "<<volume<<endl;
return 0;
}
Explanation:
include the library iostream and math.h for using the input/output instruction and pow() function.
create the main function and declare the variable.
then, print the message for asking to enter the value from user.
the enter value is then store in the variable using cin instruction.
then, call the function with two parameters. program control move to the define function and calculate the first parameter raised to the power of the second parameter.
then return the result to the main function and finally print the result.
Reference variables allow arguments to be passed by ____________.
Answer:
Reference
Explanation:
The Reference type variable is such type of variable in C# that holds the reference of memory address instead of value. Examples for reference type are classes, interfaces, delegates and arrays.
We can pass parameters to the method by reference using ref keyword
It’s mandatory to initialize the variable value before we pass it as an argument to the method in c#
For example,
int x = 10; // Variable need to be initialized
Add(ref x); // method call
If you pass parameters by reference in method definition, any changes made to it affect the other variable in method call.
Here's a sample program:
using System;
namespace ConsoleApplication
{
public class Test
{
public static void Main()
{
int i = 10;
Console.WriteLine("i=" + i);
Add(ref i);
Console.WriteLine("i=" + i);
Console.ReadLine();
}
public static void Add( ref int j)
{
j = j + 10;
Console.WriteLine("j="+j);
}
}
}
Output:
i=10
j=20
i=20
)What is proceduralabstraction, and why is it important inComputer Science
Answer:
Procedural abstraction is a method in which all sub tasks of a whole functionality must be created separately as method and each method/ procedure must be performing a distinct functionality. For example if we want to write a program to calculate and display result of students in class and create separate methods to get students record, to calculate grades to display results is a procedural abstraction approach. Here not only the methods created have distinctive function the administrative can vary the level of abstraction as well.
It is important in computer science for the following ways:
1) Increase the level of code readiness as all separate functionality tasks will have a separate methods.
2) Prevents unauthorized of data.
The minimum spanning tree of an undirected graph G exists if and only if G is connected. True or False?
Answer: True
Explanation:
The definition of minimum spanning tree(MST) says that the graph must be connected and undirected to be considered for MST. It has (V-1) edges where V is the number of vertices. The minimum spanning tree is implemented using Kruskal's algorithm whereby it starts by considering the minimum weighted edge and covers all the edges upto (V-1) edges. So for MST it has to be connected
Describe the input/output characteristic of a workstation/PC thatcan be used by engineers for computer-aided design.
Answer and Explanation:
The characteristics of input/output of PC/workstation can be described as:
Input/Ouput devices works as the interface between the user and the device. It provides us to give commands to our system and get the outputs as per the commands or instructions provided.
Input devices are those which allow us to give instructions or commands to our system like that of a keyboard in a PC, it allows us to write into our system and give commands to it to perform a particular task. these instructions are then converted into signals to be readable by the system(machine language). Another input device is mouse.
Output devices are those which provides us with the desired results converted in the form readable by us. Like monitor of our PC displays the desired results and same goes for printer it prints the results.
There are different input/output files for different operating systems as in 'C' there is a whole library for input/out commands.
Write multiple if statements. If car_year is 1969 or earlier, print "Few safety features." If 1970 or later, print "Probably has seat belts." If 1990 or later, print "Probably has antilock brakes." If 2000 or later, print "Probably has airbags." End each phrase with a period and a newline.
The task involves writing multiple if statements to classify car safety features based on the car's year. The conditions must be evaluated in ascending order to print out the correct safety features associated with each time period.
When writing multiple if statements in a programming context to classify the safety features of a car based on its year, you would structure your code similar to this:
if car_year \<= 1969:
print("Few safety features.\n")
elif car_year \< 1990:
print("Probably has seat belts.\n")
elif car_year \< 2000:
print("Probably has antilock brakes.\n")
else:
print("Probably has airbags.\n")
This series of if statements evaluates the variable car_year and prints a message related to the safety features that the car is likely to have, depending on its manufacture year. It's important to place the conditions in ascending order by year, so the correct message is printed as soon as its condition is met.
C++ programming true or false questions
1. We have a class called animalType. Answer the following questions about clas animalType.
a. Its constructors will be named animalType. (True or False)
b. Return type of its constructors will be void. (True or False)
Answer:
a. True
b. False
Explanation:
Constructor is used to initialize the object of the class.
Rules of constructor:
1. Constructor name must same as the class name. it means, if the class name is animalType, then constructor name must be animalType.
2. Constructor does not have any return type. it means, it does not return anythings.
Therefore, part (a) is true, Constructor name must same as the class name.
and part (b) is false, because constructor does not have any return type.
Hypercompetition implies that any architecture must be designed with maximum flexibility and _____ to ensure it can handle the imminent business changes. modularity quantity scalability sustainability availability
Answer:
scalability
Explanation:
Hypercompetition implies that any architecture must be designed with maximum flexibility and scalability to ensure it can handle the imminent business changes.
- What is the final value of the variable myPar given the following code fragment? int counter = 5; int myPar = 1; do { myPar = myPar + 2; counter = counter + 1; } while(counter <= 1);
Answer:
3
Explanation:
do-while is the loop statement used for executing the part of the code again and again until the condition not false.
when the condition is false, the program terminates the loop statement and starts executing the next of the do-while statement.
It has the special property, it executes the statement first and then checks the condition.
So, it executes the statement once if we provide the condition false.
Another side, the other loop statement like for loop, while loop they check the condition first and then start executing the statement if condition true.
In the question, the counter is 5 and myPar is 1
then the program executes the statement first.
so, myPar = 1+2=3
myPar assigns through the value 3. then counter increase by one.
the counter value becomes 2.
then check the condition 2 <= 1, condition false and program terminate.
Therefore, the answer is 3.
Which statement will call this module and pass 12 as the argument?
Module showValue (Integer quantity)
Answer
a) Call showValue( Integer)
b) Call showValue (12)
c) Call showValue( Integer 12)
d) Call showValue( Real)
Answer:
Call showValue (12)
Explanation:
The function is a block of the statement which performs the special task.
if you define the function, then you have to call that function.
Then, program control moves to the function and start to execute otherwise not execute the function.
the syntax for calling the function:
name(argument_1, argument_2,....);
we can put any number of arguments in the calling.
check the options one by one for finding the answer:
Call showValue( Integer): this is valid calling but it passes the variable, not the 12. this is not correct.
Call showValue( Integer 12): This is not valid calling, because it passes the data type as well which is incorrect.
Call showValue( Real): this is valid calling but it passes the variable, not the 12. this is not correct.
Call showValue (12): this valid calling and also pass the value 12.
Therefore, the correct answer is option b.
Which type of partitioning is performed onRelation-X?
a. Horizontal Partitioning
b. Vertical Partitioning
c. Replication
d. Noneof above
Answer: B) Vertical Partitioning
Explanation:
As, vertical partitioning is performed on Relation X, it is used for dividing the relation X vertically in columns and it involves creation of tables and columns. They also use some additional tables to store left out columns. We cannot partition the column without perform any modification of value of the column. It only relies on keeping the particular attributes of relation X.
When a method returns an array reference, you include ____ with the return type in the method header.
a.
( )
b.
[ ]
c.
< >
d.
{ }
Answer:
b. []
Explanation:
Arrays are represented using [] . When a method returns an array reference, the method header contains an entry of the type <data-type>[].
For example, a method test which returns a reference to integer array and takes no parameters is of the form:
int[] test();
Similarly a method list_chars which takes a String as an argument and returns an array of chars has the form:
char[] list_chars(String s);
The simplest statement you can use to make a decision is the ____ statement.
a.
Boolean
b.
true false
c.
if
d.
this
The simplest statement you can use to make a decision is the if statement. Thus, option C is correct.
What is a statement?A statement within a programming language is just a syntactic construct of an arbitrary programming language that also expresses a course of action. A series of one or more statements make up a program built in this language. There could be internal parts to a proposition.
The simplest illustration of a decision framework in Java seems to be the if statement. A conceptual test that can result in a positive or negative outcome is expressed in an if statement.
The if statements inside the if the branch were carried out if the test's outcome is true. In this case, the statement can either be true or the statement can either be false depending upon the condition.
Therefore, option C is the correct option.
Learn more about statement, here:
https://brainly.com/question/20837448
#SPJ6
wHAT ARE THE 5 LAYERS in the internet protocol stack andwhat are the principal responsibilities of eack of theselayers.?
Answer: The 5 different layers in the IP stack are as follows:
1. Physical Layer
2. Data Link Layer
3. Network Layer
4. Transport Layer
5. Application Layer
Explanation:
The functions of the different layers are:
The physical layer is concerned with transfer of bits across the different nodes, The data link layer is concerned with transmission of frames with error detection and correction. The network layer is concerned with routing the packets across various nodes in the router. The transport layer deal with the implementation of protocols such as TCP and UDP. The Application layer host a numerous software applications such as HTTP, SMTP for client server connections.
Suppose you want to write a program that will read a list of numbers from a user, place them into an array and then compute their average. How large should you make the array?
Answer:
The size of the array is dependent on the amount of memory the program can access.
Explanation:
Here according to the question the user is in need of memory space equal to the amount of numbers read from the list. So the size of the array should be equal to the total numbers read from the list. if the user reads 5 number from the list then the size of the array should be int a[5] if the numbers are integers. Wastage of memory space is not appreciated in a good piece of code.
The ____ is the type to which all operands in an expression are converted so that they are compatible with each other.
a.
data type
b.
primitive
c.
unifying type
d.
numbered
Answer: the correct answer is c. unifying type .
Explanation:
The unifying type is the type to which all operands in an expression are converted so that they are compatible with each other.
What is the difference between the throw statement and the throws clause?
Answer:
throw and throws represent different constructs in Java programming language.
Explanation:
throw is used to explicitly throw an Exception from within a code segment.
For example:
public void throw_test(String str){
if(str==null) throw new NullPointerException();
}
throws is used to specify an exception list which may be thrown by a method:
For example:
public String readFromFile(File f) throws IOException {
.....
// Some code fragment which could throw a IOException
}
ETL & ELT are thesame.? True? False
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
ETL & ELT are NOT the same.
The _________ is the part of a function definition that shows the function name, return
type, and parameter list.
Answer:
The function prototype is the part of a function definition that shows the function name, return type, and parameter list.
Explanation:-
In general we write a function definition as:
return_type function_name(parameter list) //this is the prototype
{
//function body
}
Final answer:
The term that completes the student's sentence is 'function header' or 'prototype', which includes the function name, return type, and parameters. It is essential for understanding how to use the function and what to expect from it.
Explanation:
The blank in the student's question should be filled with the term function header or prototype. This is the part of a function definition that shows the function name, return type, and parameter list. The function header specifies what the function is called, what type of data it returns, and what arguments it takes. The structure of the function header can vary between programming languages, but generally it includes the function name, followed by parentheses that contain the parameters (or arguments), and prefixed by the return type.
For example, in the function definition of int main(), 'int' is the return type indicating that the function will return an integer value, 'main' is the function name, and the empty parentheses indicate that this function takes no arguments. In another example, a function named 'f' might take three arguments - a, b, and c - and work with them internally to produce a result.
Understanding the function header is crucial for programming because it allows you to know how to properly call the function and what kind of data to expect back from it. Creating clear and concise function headers makes programs easier to read, understand, and debug.
Define function print_popcorn_time() with parameter bag_ounces. If bag_ounces is less than 3, print "Too small". If greater than 10, print "Too large". Otherwise, compute and print 6 * bag_ounces followed by "seconds". End with a newline.
Answer:
void print_popcorn_time(int bag_ounces){
if(bag_ounces < 3){
cout<<"Too small"<<endl;
}else if(bag_ounces > 10){
cout<<"Too large"<<endl;
}else{
cout<<(6 * bag_ounces)<<"seconds"<<endl;
}
}
Explanation:
The function is the block of the statement which performs the special task.
For checking the condition in the program, the if-else statement is used.
It can check the condition one or two but if we want to check the more than two different conditions then the continuous if-else statement is used.
syntax of continuous if else:
if(condition){
statement;
}else if(condition)
statement;
}else{
statement;
}
In the question, there are three conditions;
1. bag_ounces is less than 3
2. bag_ounces greater than 10
3. else part.
we put the condition in the above if-else statement and print the corresponding message.
Answer:
def print_popcorn_time(bag_ounces):
if bag_ounces < 3:
print("Too small")
elif bag_ounces > 10:
print("Too large")
else:
bag_ounces = bag_ounces * 6
print(bag_ounces, "seconds")
Explanation:
def print_popcorn_time(bag_ounces): #fed function
if bag_ounces < 3: #1st if statement
print("Too small") #print function
elif bag_ounces > 10: #else if
print("Too large") #print than print
else: #else:
bag_ounces = bag_ounces * 6 #do work
print(bag_ounces, "seconds") #print
Values that are sent into a function are called _________.
Program Output
Answer:
Argument
Explanation:
The function is the block of the statement which performs the special task.
when we define the function in the program then we have to call that function.
the syntax for defining the function:
type name(parameter_1, parameter_2,...){
statement;
}
the syntax for calling the function:
name( argument_1, argument_2,...);
Meaning of parameter and argument
The argument is used to send the value into the function definition. this can be passed by value or pass by reference.
The parameter is used to receive the value send by calling function.
Therefore, the answer is the Argument.
Suppose a vector of ints initially has these 8 elements:
6 7 5 9 1 3 2 4
(a) How many swaps will be performed during a selection sort of the elements?
Answer:
Using the Selection Sort algorithm there will be 5 swaps in total within the vector of ints.
Explanation:
A Selection Sort algorithm compares the first value in the vector with the rest of the values and swaps it for the lowest value. It then moves on to the next value in the vector and repeats the process until the whole vector is sorted.
Initial Vector : 6 7 5 9 1 3 2 4
1st Swap : 1 7 5 9 6 3 2 4
2nd Swap: 1 2 5 9 6 3 7 4
3rd Swap : 1 2 3 9 6 5 7 4
4rth Swap: 1 2 3 4 6 5 7 9
5th Swap: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9
After the 5th Swap the Vector is completely Sorted.
I hope this answered your question. If you have any more questions feel free to ask away at Brainly.
. What is an RFC?How it's produced?
Answer: Request for Comments(RFC)is an official document containing methods, behaviors, research, internet specifications, protocols in systems connected to the internet.
RFC are produced by computer scientist , experts in the field of networking, protocols who author them and then send for approval from Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF). After there approval it is then assigned a serial number after which it cannot be modified.
Explanation:
RFC is an official document to propose and bring out new changes in the field of engineering and communication.
Once RFC has been produces it can also bring out modifications in the form of amendments.
TRUE/FALSE
10. The Intel 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) schedules the handling of interrupts according to their priority levels.
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
The Intel 8259 is a device designed for 8085 and 8086 intel microprocessor.
The Intel 8259 Interrupt Controller (PIC) accept the requests from the I/O devices and check whether the requests is of the higher priority than the ongoing request serviced by CPU. Interrupt is issued to the CPU based on priorities,if the request is of higher priority than ongoing service then Interrupt will be issued the ongoing service will pause and the new request will be processed. If new request has less priority then no interrupt will be issued, New request will wait for CPU to free.
__________ refers to the idea that eachemployee should report
to only one manager.
a. Span of control
b. Unity of command principle
c. Emergent leadership
d. Bureaucracy
Answer:
The correct answer is B. Unity of command principle refers to the idea that each employee should report to only one manager.
Explanation:
The Unity of Command Principle is one of the 14 administration principles imposed by Henry Fayol that determines that none of the employees of an organization should receive orders from more than one superior.
That is to say, the principle of the unity of command establishes that no employee should have more than one superior in order to avoid confusing situations and disorders that affect the productivity of the organization in question.
Does Logarithms and Algorithms same things?
Answer: No, logarithms and algorithms are not the same things.
Explanation:
Logarithms:- It is usually mention term in the mathematical field. It is mentioned as the function used for determination of exponent of base where the base is equal to some known number.
Algorithms:- It is a procedure which is used for solving any certain type of problem using tools like flowchart, programming languages etc. It is usually a term that is mentioned in computer science or mathematics to solve a problem in steps , instruction or other ways.
what are the different type of topologies..?
Answer: There are different types of topologies are: 1) Bus topology, 2)Star topology, 3)Ring topology
Explanation: The physical layout in which the network connection are made is known as topology.
Types of topologies are explained as:
1) Bus topology-
It is a type of network where every device is connected to a single cable, which runs one end to another. In this data is transmitted in one direction only and it is also known as linear bus topology.It is cost effective because they can be run in a single cable.2) Star topology-
In star topology every node in the network is connected to one central node. The central node or hub also acts as a repeater and it can manage the entire network from one location.3) Ring topology-
In this topology computers are connected to each other in circular format and every device in a network will have two neighbors. In this the risk of collision is very low and low cost to install.