it is winter where Jenna lives. It’s been snowing all day, but now the snow has changed to sleet and then to freezing rain. What is happening to cause these changes? In your answer, explain how snow, sleet, and freezing rain form

The oxidation number is the charge when the bonds are ionic in the atom. The oxidation state of potassium is +1, oxygen is -2 and chromium is +6.

The oxidation state or the number is the total of the electron gained or lost by the atom to form the chemical bond.

Potassium is always +1, and oxygen is -2 except in some cases.

The state can be shown as:

[tex]\rm K_{2} (+1 \times 2) = +2[/tex]

Cr (2x) = 2x

[tex]\rm O_{7} (-2 \times 7) = -14[/tex]

When the compound is neutral and the net charge is 0 then,

[tex]\begin{aligned} \rm +2 +2x + (-14) &= 0\\\\\rm 2x -12& = 0\\\\\rm x &= +6\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, the oxidation number of chromium is +6.

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Answer : The name of the given hydrocarbon is, 2-methylpropane.

Explanation :

The basic rules for naming of organic compounds are :

In the given hydrocarbon, the longest possible carbon chain number is 3 that means we add prefix 'prop' and suffix '-ane' and a substituent present at 2nd position of the longest carbon chain. So, the name of given hydrocarbon will be, 2-methylpropane.

Hence, the name of the given hydrocarbon is, 2-methylpropane.

Answer: The concentration of ammonia is 2.784 M

Explanation:

To calculate the concentration of acid, we use the equation given by neutralization reaction:

[tex]n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2[/tex]

where,

[tex]n_1,M_1\text{ and }V_1[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of acid which is [tex]HCl[/tex]

[tex]n_2,M_2\text{ and }V_2[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of base which is ammonia

We are given:

[tex]n_1=1\\M_1=0.800M\\V_1=17.4mL\\n_2=1\\M_2=?M\\V_2=5.00mL[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]1\times 0.800\times 17.4=1\times M_2\times 5.00\\\\M_2=2.784M[/tex]

Hence, the concentration of ammonia is 2.784 M

The molar concentration of the household ammonia solution is 2.78 M.

Let's start by writing the neutralization reaction:

HCl (aq) + NH₃ (aq) → NH₄Cl (aq)

The number of moles of HCl required to neutralize the ammonia solution can be calculated from the volume and molarity of the HCl solution:

moles HCl = Molarity x Volume (in liters) = 0.800 M x 17.4 mL x (1 L / 1000 mL) = 0.01392 mol

Since the reaction is 1:1, the number of moles of NH₃ required to neutralize the HCl is also 0.01392 mol.

The molar concentration of the ammonia solution can be calculated from the number of moles and the volume of the solution:

Molarity = moles / volume (in liters) = 0.01392 mol / 5.00 mL x (1 L / 1000 mL) = 2.78 M

Therefore, the molar concentration of the household ammonia solution is 2.78 M.

Final answer:

To calculate the mass of nitrogen dissolved in an 80.0 L aquarium, apply Henry's Law using the mole fraction and total pressure alongside the molar mass of N2, resulting in approximately 1.066 grams of dissolved nitrogen.

Explanation:

To calculate the mass of nitrogen dissolved in an 80.0 L home aquarium at room temperature, we consider the given total pressure of 1.0 atm and the mole fraction for nitrogen of 0.78. With the Henry's law constant (Kh) for nitrogen in water being 6.1 x 10-4 M/atm, we can determine the concentration of dissolved nitrogen first.

First, calculate the partial pressure of nitrogen (PN2) using the mole fraction and total pressure:

PN2 = mole fraction of N2 * total pressure = 0.78 * 1.0 atm = 0.78 atm

Next, apply Henry's Law to find the concentration of N2 in moles per liter (M):

Concentration of N2 = Kh * PN2 = 6.1 x 10-4 M/atm * 0.78 atm = 4.758 x 10-4 M

To find the total moles of N2 dissolved, multiply this concentration by the volume of the aquarium in liters:

Total moles of N2 = 4.758 x 10-4 M * 80.0 L = 0.038064 mol

Finally, to calculate the mass, we multiply the total moles by the molar mass of N2 (28.01 g/mol):

Mass of N2 = 0.038064 mol * 28.01 g/mol = 1.066 g

pH of buffer solution containing [tex]{\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}}{\mathbf{COOH}}[/tex] and [tex]{\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}}{\mathbf{COOH}}[/tex] does not change on addition of NaOH to the buffer.

Further explanation:

Buffer solution:

The aqueous solution that consists of weak acid and its conjugate base is known as buffer solution. Such solutions resist any change in their pH on addition of strong base or acid.

pH is used to determine acidity or basicity of solutions. Solutions with pH less than 7 are acidic in nature, those with pH 7 are neutral and those with pH more than 7 are basic.

Classification of buffers:

Acidic buffer:

Solutions of weak acid and its conjugate base with pH less than 7 are acidic. Mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of acidic buffer.

Basic buffer:

Solutions of weak base and its conjugate acid with pH more than 7 are basic in nature. Mixture of ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide is an example of basic or alkaline buffer.

[tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}}[/tex] is a weak acid while NaOH is a strong base so these react with each other to form respective salt and water. Reaction between these two occurs as follows:

 [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}} + {\text{NaOH}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COONa}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}[/tex]

The salt formed by reaction of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}}[/tex] with NaOHis then dissociated to form its ions as follows:

[tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COONa}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{CO}}{{\text{O}}^ - } + {\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + }[/tex]  

Ionic identity [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{CO}}{{\text{O}}^ - }[/tex] reacts with water to form uncharged [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}}[/tex] again. Reaction for this is as follows:

[tex]{\text{CHCO}}{{\text{O}}^ - } + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}} + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }[/tex]  

By going through above series of reactions, effect of addition of NaOH is neutralized by buffer containing [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}}[/tex] and [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{CO}}{{\text{O}}^ - }[/tex]. Hence pH of buffer solution does not undergo any change in it.

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Buffer solutions

Keywords: buffer solution, pH, CH3COOH, NaOH, CH3COO-, weak acid, strong base, acidic buffer, basic buffer, less than 7, more than 7, H2O, OH-, CH3COONa, reaction, conjugate base.

To determine how many grams of CO2 are produced by burning 4.37 g of C4H10, we can use stoichiometry. The balanced equation shows that 1 mole of C4H10 produces 4 moles of CO2. By converting the mass of C4H10 to moles and then using the stoichiometric ratio, we can calculate the mass of CO2 produced.

To determine how many grams of CO2 are produced by burning 4.37 g of C4H10, we can use stoichiometry. The balanced equation shows that 1 mole of C4H10 produces 4 moles of CO2. First, we need to convert the mass of C4H10 to moles by dividing it by the molar mass of C4H10. Then, we can use the stoichiometric ratio to calculate the number of moles of CO2 produced. Finally, we can convert the moles of CO2 to grams by multiplying it by the molar mass of CO2

Given:

Using the equation:

Mass of C4H10 (g) → Moles of C4H10 → Moles of CO2 → Mass of CO2 (g)

we can calculate:

4.37 g C4H10 * (1 mol C4H10 / 58.12 g C4H10) * (4 mol CO2 / 1 mol C4H10) * (44.01 g CO2 / 1 mol CO2) = 17.80 g CO2

Therefore, burning 4.37 g of C4H10 produces approximately 17.80 g of CO2.

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An atom would have the greatest velocity if each atom had the same kinetic energy is hydrogen. Therefore, option A is correct.

The energy an item has as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy. A force must be applied to an item in order to accelerate it. We must put forth effort in order to apply a force. Once the job is finished, energy is transferred to the item, which then moves at a new, constant speed.

The reason molecules in gases have the largest kinetic energy is because they have greater space between one another, experience less intermolecular force, and travel at a faster rate, which results in higher energy.

The most kinetic energy is found in gases, whereas solids have the lowest. So, of the examples above, hydrogen has the largest kinetic energy.

Thus, option A is correct.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably your question was

Which of the following atoms would have the greatest velocity if each atom had the same kinetic energy?

A. Hydrogen

B. Oxygen

C. Carbon

D. Sulfur

Generally, polar and ionic compounds are soluble in water, while non-polar compounds are insoluble. However, conclusively predicting a compound's solubility requires additional information about the compound.

The solubility of compounds in water depends on the chemical nature of the compound. Generally, polar and ionic compounds are soluble in water due to its polar nature. This is because 'like dissolves like'. So, compounds such as sodium chloride, sugar, etc., are soluble in water.

On the other hand, non-polar compounds are usually insoluble in water. This includes many organic compounds like oils and fats.

However, the solubility of a compound can't be predicted with absolute certainty without additional information about the compounds' molecular structure, polarity, or the presence of functional groups.

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They may drown when the glaciers melt is the cause of extinction of polar bears.

The climate change is the main factor for extinction of polar bear. This climate change is responsible for melting and fragmention of sea ice across the Arctic, forcing more pregnant females to migrate to land. This fragmentation also causes the drowning of polar bears.

So we can conclude that They may drown when the glaciers melt is the cause of extinction of polar bears.

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Answer:

Explanation:

A) Their thick fur is not suited for a warming climate.

Final answer:

The process of sodium hydroxide dissolving in water and releasing heat is best described as an exothermic reaction, as it involves the release of energy to the surroundings.

Explanation:

When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is dissolved in water, it disassociates into sodium (Na+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions, releasing energy in the form of heat to the surroundings, and causing an increase in the temperature of the solution. This type of reaction, where energy is released, is best described as an exothermic reaction. These reactions are characterized by the release of heat and a rise in the temperature of the surroundings. Care must be taken when dissolving sodium hydroxide in water due to the significant amount of heat produced.

It is important to note that this is different from an endothermic reaction, where energy is absorbed from the surroundings, causing a decrease in temperature. The process of sodium hydroxide dissolving in water is not a decomposition reaction, as that involves a single compound breaking down into two or more simpler substances. It also does not fit the definition of a synthesis reaction, which involves combining simpler substances to form a more complex product.

Final answer:

The dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water, which releases heat and increases the solution's temperature, is an exothermic reaction.

Explanation:

When sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water and energy is released as heat, increasing the solution's temperature, this type of reaction is best described as exothermic. An exothermic reaction is characterized by the release of energy to the surroundings, often in the form of heat. As the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolves, it disassociates into sodium (Na+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions, and the process releases a significant amount of heat, indicating that the solution becomes very basic and the temperature rises.

Steam distillation is a separation process for temperature sensitive materials and it is used for purification of organic compounds.

The water vapor carries small amounts of the vaporized compounds (water and organic molecules) to the condensation flask. This is preferred technique because allows easy separation of the components by decantation or other suitable methods, because  product od distilation is a two phase system of water and the organic distillate.

Steam distillation is a technique used to purify high boiling liquids that are water-insoluble. It involves introducing steam to vaporize the compound at a temperature lower than its normal boiling point, making the process efficient and preventing decomposition.

What is Steam Distillation?

Steam distillation is a variation of simple distillation technique that involves the use of steam or water in addition to the material to be distilled. The main purpose of utilizing steam is to facilitate the distillation of compounds that are water-insoluble and have high boiling points. When steam is introduced into the distilling flask, it helps in vaporizing the organic compound at a temperature lower than its normal boiling point. This process is ideal for purifying such substances because it reduces the risk of decomposition, which is often linked with the high temperatures required for distilling high boiling point liquids.

The distillation apparatus setup for this method is similar to that of simple distillation, with slight modifications to introduce steam into the system. There are two primary ways to add the steam: indirectly by connecting to a building's steam line, or directly by boiling water within the distillation flask itself.

Steam distillation is especially beneficial in separating and purifying volatile compounds from non-volatile impurities or substances with very high boiling points without decomposition. This method is not only used in laboratory settings but also has wide applications in industrial processes, such as the extraction of essential oils and the refinement of certain petrochemicals.

In an ecosystem, collection area is a part of a watershed which  is at the lowest elevation.

An ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.

Energy enters the ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.

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A neutrally charged atom has the same number of electrons and protons. Therefore, a sodium atom has 11 electrons and 11 protons, while a chlorine atom has 17 electrons and 17 protons.

A given atom's electron count can be identified by looking at its atomic number because a neutrally charged atom has an equal amount of protons and electrons. Sodium has an atomic number of 11, which means it has 11 electrons if it is neutrally charged. Similarly, chlorine, with an atomic number of 17, has 17 electrons.

As stated, a neutrally charged atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. Thus, the proton count is also dictated by the atomic number. Sodium, therefore, has 11 protons, and chlorine will have 17 protons.

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Answer: The material is water as it has density of [tex]1g/cm^3[/tex]  

Explanation:

Density is defined as the mass contained per unit volume.  It is characteristic of a material.

[tex]Density=\frac{mass}{Volume}[/tex]

Given : Mass of object =12.48 grams

Volume of the object = [tex]12.48cm^3[/tex]

Putting in the values we get:

[tex]Density=\frac{12.48g}{12.48cm^3}[/tex]

[tex]Density=1g/cm^3[/tex]

Thus the density of the material is [tex]1g/cm^3[/tex] and material is water which has density of  [tex]1g/cm^3[/tex].

The answer is continent ocean boundaries.

Answer:

Greater

Explanation:

According to the law of universal gravitation, the force of gravitation is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects and INDIRECTLY proportional to the square of the distance. In short, the bigger the masses, the stronger the gravitational force, the lesser the distance between the two objects, the greater the gravitational force.

We have that for the Question "How many moles of CaCl2 have you delivered to the flask if you add 20.53mL of 0.511 M CaCl2 from the buret" it can be said that no of moles of solute is

[tex]no of moles of solute=0.011[/tex]

From the question we are told

How many moles of CaCl2 have you delivered to the flask if you add 20.53mL of 0.511 M CaCl2 from the buret

Generally the equation for the morality  is mathematically given as

[tex]M=\frac{no of moles of solute}{volume of solution litre}[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]The volume of CaCl_2 =\frac{20.53}{1000}[/tex]

Hence

no of moles of solute=molality*volume*solution

[tex]no\ of\ moles\ of\ solute=0.511*\frac{20.53}{1000}[/tex]

[tex]no of moles of solute=0.011[/tex]

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Answer:

A) The amount of ethane decreases.

Explanation:

The reaction rate is the rate at which reactants convert to the product. The rate of appearance of hydrogen is [tex]\bold{ 0.070 ms^-^1}[/tex]

The given reaction,

[tex]\bold { 2HBr(g) \rightarrow H_2 (g)+Br_2(g)}[/tex]

2 moles of HBr degrade to form 1 mole of Hydrogen and 1 mole of bromine.

The rate of disappearance of HBr = 0.140 m [tex]\bold {s^-^1}[/tex]

Since the molar ratio between HBr and Hydrogen is  2:1.

So,

[tex]\bold{Ra(H_2) = \dfrac {Rd(HBr)} {2}}[/tex]

Where,

[tex]\bold{Ra(H_2)}[/tex] - Rate of appearance of Hydrogen

[tex]\bold{ Rd(HBr)}[/tex]- Rate of disappearance of HBr

Put the value,

[tex]\bold{Ra(H_2) = \dfrac {Rd(HBr)} {2}}\\\\\bold {Ra(H_2) = \dfrac {0.140 m/s} {2}}\\\\\bold { Ra(H_2) = 0.070 ms^-^1}[/tex]

Therefore, the rate of appearance of hydrogen is [tex]\bold{ 0.070 ms^-^1}[/tex].

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Answer: O-16

Explanation: To keep it short and sweet the answer is O-16