James marcia uses the term _____ to mean a personal investment in what an individual is going to do.

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be perceived, which is a significant stage in early cognitive development.

The idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists is called object permanence. This concept is understood as part of cognitive development in children, specifically within the field of developmental psychology. It describes a child's ability to understand that objects continue to exist even if they cannot be seen, heard, or sensed in any way. The understanding of object permanence is a fundamental stage in cognitive development and typically occurs within the first year of life.

Young children learn best from teachers with an authoritative style, combining consistent limits with support and warmth, enhancing self-esteem and learning.So,option d is correct.

Young children tend to learn the most from teachers who use the authoritative style. This style combines reasonable demands and consistent limits with warmth and affection. An authoritative teacher listens to the child's point of view and encourages the child to develop positive standards. This approach supports high self-esteem and social skills which are essential for learning. In contrast, authoritarian parenting is strict, based on conformity and often results in anxious and withdrawn children. Permissive parenting makes few demands and often leads to poor self-regulation, while uninvolved parenting can result in children who are emotionally withdrawn and perform poorly academically.

The scramble for Africa profoundly impacted African societies, disrupting traditional ethnic and political structures through slavery and enforced taxes. It introduced new religions, altering indigenous belief systems. It also enforced colonial education and political structures, often against local interests, leading to widespread social and political unrest.

The scramble for Africa had a profound impact on various aspects of African life such as ethnic traditions, religions, education, and politics. European colonization practices significantly altered African societies, often disregarding and undermining existing political structures.

For instance, European colonizers often enforced taxes for the right to trade enslaved Africans, promoting discord among different African groups and kingdoms. This resulted in large-scale raids and elevated local chieftains and merchants who benefited from the slave trade. This not only influenced political structures but also significantly tampered with the ethnic and societal balance.

The spread of monotheistic religions like Christianity and Islam altered religious traditions, sometimes combining with existing African belief systems to create unique cultural expressions. For instance, the Africanization of Islam produced a distinctive form of the faith that included aspects of ancestor worship and appeasing of spirits.

Colonial rule further impacted education and political systems. Africans were deliberately sidelined from the import-export trade and were not allowed to start factories, which prevented a class of wealthy capitalists from developing. Such colonial policies often ran counter to the desires of local populations, creating tension and conflict. Moreover, the boundaries drawn by colonial powers did not respect established indigenous territories, further contributing to the social and political unrest in Africa.

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Andrew is using systematic desensitization to reduce his public speaking anxiety by gradually increasing the size of his audience to build confidence. Complementary techniques include cognitive restructuring and visualization.

The communication apprehension reduction technique Andrew is using is called systematic desensitization. This method involves gradually exposing oneself to the feared activity, which in Andrew's case is public speaking, in a step-by-step process. He began this process by speaking to his roommate, then to a small group of friends, and eventually to a larger group. This type of exposure is designed to slowly build confidence and reduce anxiety related to speaking in front of others.

Other techniques that can complement systematic desensitization include cognitive restructuring, which is changing the way one thinks about the physiological responses to anxiety, and visualization, which involves imagining a successful performance to increase confidence. Practicing in non-adversarial classroom settings, where the context is not novel or uncertain, allows for the development of coping mechanisms to deal with public speaking anxiety more effectively over time.

conductor fill is the correct answer :)

Answer:

pair the light with an electric shock or another form of punishment

Explanation:

classical conditioning relies on punishment and reward for interactions. so if you punish the mouse for interacting with something, pain will eventually lull it into a sense of fear based around interacting with the light. hope this helps! have a lovely day :)

Globalization is term that began to be heard around the world at the end of the Cold War, around the 1990´s and it defined the way in which the world, its economy and its nations, were growing interconnected and interdependent in most aspects. Basically, the term defines the level of interconnection between nations that has surpasses language, cultural, racial, and even border barriers to establish what is known as the global village. Because of globalization, there has been a growth of cross-border trading, a disolusion of borders and barriers, an interconnection of the economical, technological and even political and cultural aspects of all nations´ lives that has made all nations dependent on the others. Especially through economic and technological ties, but most importantly trough the growth of communications, globalization has connected countries around the world and like a scale, the balance must be equal on both sides or there are conflicts that arise.

Final answer:

The neutral stimulus (NS) is the knock on the door, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is the knock associated with the drug dealer, and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is the cocaine that naturally elicits Alexis's physical reactions.

Explanation:

In the scenario described, we can apply the principles of classical conditioning to identify the neutral stimulus (NS), the conditioned stimulus (CS), and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). The neutral stimulus (NS) would be the knock on the door, which initially has no specific meaning associated with drug use. When Alexis's dealer knocks on the door, it becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS) after being associated with the cocaine that activates the sympathetic nervous system, which is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). This UCS naturally elicits the unconditioned response (UCR), which in this case includes Alexis's hands shaking and her heart pounding. Over time, the sound of the knock (CS) alone, without the actual presence of the dealer or cocaine, can elicit the same response as the cocaine (UCS) would, due to the learned association.

Containment in History refers to the US policy during the Cold War to prevent the spread of Communism. Scientifically, it refers to using physical barriers to restrict organism release.

In the context of History, specifically during the Cold War, containment refers to the US policy aimed at preventing the spread of Communism and Soviet influence around the globe. It was a strategy employed by the United States and its Western European allies to counter the perceived threat posed by the Soviet Union. The policy of containment was characterized by political, military, and diplomatic measures taken to restrict the expansion of communist ideology.

There are also scientific interpretations of containment, such as in biology where containment involves using physical barriers, either human-made or natural, to prevent the release of organisms into the environment. Examples include the use of large cages or geographic isolation.

Walt Whitman called the United States a "teeming nation of nations" to express the idea that the country is made up of diverse immigrant groups who contribute to its strength. He celebrated the diversity and saw it as a source of richness and vitality.

When Walt Whitman referred to the United States as a "teeming nation of nations," he meant that the country is made up of diverse immigrant groups who bring their own cultures and identities. He believed that the strength of the United States came from the collective contributions and experiences of these different groups. Whitman saw this diversity as a source of richness and vitality, painting a picture of a nation filled with a variety of peoples and cultures.

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The correct answer is:

Descending into earth’s interior, temperature, as well as pressure on rock increases

Explanation:

Temperature and pressure progressively improve with increased proximity to Earth's core. Modern studies register the core's warmth may be close to 11,000 degrees Fahrenheit; that's nearly 2,000 degrees warmer than before deemed and hotter than the exterior of the Sun.

Final answer:

Friends and family are indeed examples of social networks, which can be based on trust, kinship, or common interests. These connections shape our social life and can be influenced by both traditional interactions and modern technology like social media platforms.

Explanation:

The statement that friends and family are examples of social networks is true. Social networks are structures made up of individuals or organizations that are connected by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge, or prestige. Friends and family form the basic layers of our social networks and provide vital support and interaction.

These networks operate on trust and shared interests, making us more open to accepting information from personal contacts. However, given that social circles often consist of like-minded individuals, this can lead to self-selection and potentially echo chambers, where one's beliefs and attitudes are reinforced rather than challenged.

Furthermore, social networks are not static; they evolve with technological advancements and societal changes. With the advent of social media, traditional peer networks have expanded beyond geographic limitations, enabling connections with a global community that shares similar interests. However, this can also introduce bias and limit exposure to diverse perspectives.

Answer:

Supreme Court

Explanation:

It was right on plato

Psychological frame of reference can b alluded to many terms but in Psychology it points to people's perception, for example, when one enters a communication situation. There are basically three features which conclude people's perception:

1) Physiology

2) Any experience in the past

3) Needs.

1. Catholic Church influence is strong in Nicaragua, about 58,5% of the population of Nicaragua is Catholic. In the United States, more than half of Americans are identified as Protestants.

2. Different than in the US, Nicaragua has a universal free healthcare system of its citizens. In the US there is no public health system, there are two public funds Medicare and Medicaid but they are designed to elderly, disabled and poor people.

3. Freedom of Speech in the central base of the American Democratic system. Different than Nicaragua that is facing a strong assault on freedom of speech and press freedom. The current government has been attacking the independent press.

Answer:

Homeostatic resilience

Explanation:

Resilience refers to the ability to cope with a crisis or to return to the state you were in before the crisis quickly. When a person has homeostatic resilience, they tend to react strongly during a crisis, but are able to return to baseline functioning (pre-crisis state) quickly. People who are resilient are able to better protect themselves from the potential negative effects of stressors. They are also able to better avoid long-term negative consequences after an incident.

Our ability to be aware of some parts of our environment while ignoring other parts is called are selective attention.

What is environment?

The term “environment” refers to the surroundings on earth. The environment is based on living and non-living things. The environment's effect on human life The biotic elements of the environment are plants, fisheries, animals, forests, and bacteria. The abiotic elements are water, land, rocks, air, etc.

Selective attention refers to our ability to be aware of some aspects of our environment while disregarding others. There are focal points of selective attention. There is the ability to pay attention because they focus on a single physical object; this attention is sometimes better for density, but in other cases we need to focus on more than one thing to get a better result.

As a result, our ability to be aware of some parts of our environment while ignoring other parts is called are selective attention.

Learn more about on environment, here:

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According to Jean Piaget, the ability to understand things from a different perspective (theory-of-mind) develops between the ages of 3 to 5 years old.

]Jean Piaget, a renowned developmental psychologist, proposed that children do not develop the ability to understand things from a different perspective until they reach the age of 3 to 5 years old. This crucial cognitive milestone, known as theory-of-mind (TOM), refers to the understanding that individuals possess thoughts, emotions, and beliefs that may differ from one's own.

During this stage of development, children begin to recognize that others can hold false beliefs, meaning they understand that someone can believe something to be true even if it contradicts reality. This newfound awareness allows children to navigate social interactions more effectively, as they can anticipate and interpret the thoughts and intentions of others.

The emergence of theory-of-mind marks a significant shift in a child's cognitive abilities, as it enables them to comprehend that people have subjective experiences and perspectives. This understanding lays the foundation for empathy, perspective-taking, and the development of more complex social skills.

Piaget's theory-of-mind concept has had a profound impact on our understanding of child development and has been influential in various fields, including psychology, education, and neuroscience. It highlights the importance of this cognitive milestone in shaping a child's social and emotional growth, paving the way for more sophisticated social interactions and relationships.

Answer:

Drug Tolerance

Explanation:

He is using more of the drug to compensate for his brain chemistry adapting to offset the drug effect, which requires larger doses to experience the same effects.