Behaviorism, a significant school of thought in psychology, was largely influenced by the work of John B Watson, B. F. Skinner, and Ivan Pavlov. Watson advocated for behavior as the focus of psychology, Skinner established a systematic framework for behavior modification, and Pavlov developed the concept of classical conditioning.
Explanation:The development of behaviorism, one of the most influential schools of thought in psychology involves several key figures, most notably John B Watson, B. F. Skinner, and Ivan Pavlov. Watson, often regarded as the father of behaviorism advocated for psychology as a science that should focus on observable behavior instead of inner mental processes. This view laid the foundation for much of the behaviorism movement.
B. F. Skinner, another influential behaviorist elaborated on how behavior was affected by its consequences, and developed methodologies for modifying behavior through reinforcement and punishment. His contributions have been crucial for researchers studying behavior today.
Early work by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, pioneered the concept of 'conditioned reflex' which forms an important part of behaviorism. Pavlov effectively demonstrated how a reflex response to a stimulus can be 'conditioned' to respond to a different associated stimulus over time, a concept famously known as 'classical conditioning'.
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Richard is a five-month-old baby. his parents frequently sit by his side to cuddle him or to speak to him in loud and affectionate tones. richard seems to enjoy this attention very much and makes cooing sounds in response to his parents' warm interactions with him. richard's act of cooing to obtain parental attention is a function of the ________ substage given by piaget.
Final answer:
Richard's cooing in response to parental affection is associated with the sensorimotor substage of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, signifying an intentional and purposeful way of communication and engagement with his caregivers.
Explanation:
Richard's act of cooing to obtain parental attention is a function of the sensorimotor substage of cognitive development given by Jean Piaget. Around 4 to 6 months of age, during Piaget's sensorimotor stage, infants engage in intentionally vocalizing, which includes making sounds that can later develop into language.
These vocalizations are purposeful and include cooing, which involves a one-syllable combination of a consonant and a vowel sound, characteristic of early communication efforts and responses to stimuli provided by caregivers.
Furthermore, at this substage, infants are becoming more deliberate and purposeful in responding to people, making sounds to engage with their environment, and even starting to test out social understandings, such as taking turns in a conversation.
Richard's act of cooing to obtain parental attention is a function of the secondary circular reactions substage given by Piaget. The correct answer is option A.
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the secondary circular reactions substage occurs from approximately 4 to 8 months of age. During this period, infants begin to intentionally repeat actions that produce interesting or pleasurable results in their environment. Richard's cooing is an example of a behavior that is repeated to elicit a response from his parents, demonstrating his growing awareness of the effects his actions have on the world around him.
Intentional Repetition: In the secondary circular reactions substage, infants engage in behaviors that they find enjoyable and repeat them to interact with their environment, like Richard cooing to gain attention.Interaction with Environment: This stage marks the beginning of intentional actions where infants start to understand that their actions can cause reactions from others, a key aspect of cognitive development.Secondary Circular Reactions: Substage where infants intentionally repeat actions to produce desired outcomes, such as cooing to get parental attention.The complete question is:
Richard is a five-month-old baby. his parents frequently sit by his side to cuddle him or to speak to him in loud and affectionate tones. richard seems to enjoy this attention very much and makes cooing sounds in response to his parents' warm interactions with him. richard's act of cooing to obtain parental attention is a function of the ________ substage given by piaget.
A) secondary circular reactions
B) simple reflexes
C) internalization of schemes
D) first habits and primary circular reactions
When rhonda arrived at the abortion clinic, she was surprised to find dozens of protestors blocking her way. rhonda pushed her way through the crowd and was able to see a physician at the clinic. rhonda was able to get what she wanted, despite resistance. this is an example of rhonda's?
Persistence and Choice, No one can stop you it is a choice she can have and even protesters won't stop her.
In science class, the teacher posed the question, "can photosynthetic plants live without sunlight?" students planted seeds, provided water and sunlight, and watched them grow. now they are formulating hypotheses about the teacher's question, denying sunlight to their plants and collecting data day by day. at this point they are ready to discuss their evidence and draw conclusions. what teaching approach is being used in this classroom?
The scientific method, an inquiry-based approach, is being used in the classroom to study photosynthesis, allowing students to observe, hypothesize, and analyze the effects of sunlight on plant growth.
The teaching approach being used in this classroom is called the scientific method, which involves a series of steps to investigate natural phenomena. Students start with observations and then move on to asking a question. Following this, they conduct background research and form a hypothesis, such as 'I think that the more sunlight a tomato plant receives, the larger the tomatoes will grow'.
They then design an experiment, collect data, and analyze the results to conclude. This hands-on, inquiry-based approach allows students to engage directly with the scientific process and understand the importance of empirical evidence.
Your license can be suspended for up to _____________ if you accumulate 24 points within a 36-month period. 6 months 3 months 9 months 1 year
Answer:D
Explanation:
According to erikson, if a middle-aged person is unable to focus outward and is still dealing with issues of intimacy or even identity, that person is experiencing _______.
Stagnation is the condition of being still, or not moving, similar to a sitting puddle of water where stagnation draws insects etc. In psychological terms Stagnation alludes to the inability to figure out how to contribute. Generativity versus stagnation is the seventh of eight phases of Erik Erikson's hypothesis of psychosocial improvement.
How many requirments of appropriately qualified educators?
which statement would most likely come from a sociologist using the social-conflict approach?
a. People who purposefully or accidentally break a social norm will most likely be considered deviants for the rest of their lives.
B. The concept of what is acceptable is determined by people in power; therefore, punishments for deviance are unfair.
C. People who are punished for deviating from a norm remind others what happens when people do not follow accepted behavior patterns.
D. The concept of deviance is clear and straightforward; therefore, there should be no sympathy for people who are punished for deviating from the social norm.
The statement most likely to come from a sociologist using the social-conflict approach is B. The concept of what is acceptable is determined by people in power; therefore, punishments for deviance are unfair.
Here's a step-by-step explanation to help you understand why this is the correct answer:
Social-Conflict Approach: This approach focuses on the inequalities within society. It examines how those with power maintain their dominance by creating and enforcing social norms that benefit them. It argues that what is considered 'deviant' in society often reflects the interests and views of those in power.
Deviance and Power: Sociologists using the social-conflict approach emphasize that the concept of deviance is not inherently about the behavior itself but about how society labels and reacts to that behavior. The ruling class or those in power often have the means to influence these labels and determine what is considered acceptable or deviant.
Unfair Punishments: Because the rules and norms are made by and for the benefit of those in power, punishments for deviance can be unfair. Individuals from less powerful groups are more likely to be labeled as deviant and face harsher consequences.
Donte is seeing a sports psychologist to help improve his mental preparation and performance. the psychologist asks donte to see himself making each of his kicks right into the goal. as donte visualizes his technique, kicking procedure, and follow-through, he sees himself as an outside observer would. memory researchers argue this demonstrates __________
Three-year-old jesse used to call all moving vehicles "car." he now accurately categorizes moving vehicles into trucks, cars, motorcycles, and buses. jesse has _____ to fit new information into his existing scheme
Final answer:
Jesse's ability to categorize moving vehicles more accurately is a result of accommodation, where he modifies his previous schema of 'car' to include specific categories like trucks, cars, motorcycles, and buses.
Explanation:
Three-year-old Jesse's ability to distinguish between different types of moving vehicles demonstrates a cognitive development process known as accommodation. In his early stages, Jesse used the scheme he had for 'car' to identify all moving vehicles, a process known as assimilation. However, as Jesse's experiences and vocabulary expanded, he began to refine his categories and form new schemata, thus accommodating new information. Just like 2-year-olds Blake or Deja from the provided examples, who learned to differentiate between a dog and a sheep, Jesse learned that not all vehicles are cars. His previously broad schema for vehicles has now been modified to include more specific categories like trucks, motorcycles, and buses, indicating his cognitive growth and new understanding of the world around him.
Noah is a junior in college and has always been an average student. this semester, he has a political science class for which he feels very passionate, and he sees himself pursuing a career in politics. for the first time, he wants to do well so that he can get an "a." this is an example of which element of observational learning?
The element of observational learning that Noah is demonstrating is motivation. Motivation is one of the four elements of observational learning where the learner has the desire or the motivation in performing a specific action by which Noah is demonstrating as he feels very passionate in pursuing his career in politics.
A lifespan developmentalist whose topical focus is the body's makeup is interested in _____ development.
The answer is "Physical" development.
The term lifespan development alludes to age-related variations that happen from birth, all through an individual's life, into and amid old age. The six phases of lifespan development are: Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence, Early Adulthood, Middle Age, Older Age. Infancy.
Fun fact: Life span is the most extreme time a man can live, though life expectancy is the normal time a man will live, in view of elements like sexual orientation and birth year.
Final answer:
The lifespan developmentalist whose topical focus is the body's makeup is interested in physical development.
Explanation:
The lifespan developmentalist whose topical focus is the body's makeup is interested in physical development.
Developmental psychologists study human growth and development across three domains: physical development, cognitive development, and psychosocial development. Physical development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.
They view development as a lifelong process that can be studied scientifically across these domains, and their focus is not limited to the physical changes associated with aging, as they also focus on changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, social behavior, and other psychological attributes.
_______ poverty refers to a lack of basic necessities, such as food, shelter, and income, while __________ poverty refers to a situation where people are falling behind from the average income or life style enjoyed by the rest of society. absolute; relative.
____________ is the temporary withdrawal of a person's license or driving privileges. Cancellation Suspension Revocation Restriction
Raj smelled the aroma of the dinner rolls baking in the cafeteria down the hall from his classroom. what memory system is at work as raj processes this stimulus?
(tco 11) anthony is sick of writing papers and studying for tests, but he knows he needs a college degree if he wants to be successful in his chosen career. so every morning, anthony gives himself a dressing down—in essence, yelling at himself—to make himself get out of bed and go to classes and every evening he does the same thing to get himself to do his work. according to freud, which personality structure is in control here?
Why was hitler so optimistic after he captured the Crimea
The relativity of deviance refers to the fact that different groups have different norms and what is deviant in one group is not necessarily deviant in another.
a. True
b. False
As a form of discrimination, incivility is said to occur when ________.
Incivility is a common term for social conduct ailing in affability or great behavior, on a scale from impoliteness or absence of regard for seniors, to defacement and hooliganism, through open inebriation and undermining behavior. "Incivility" is gotten from the Latin incivilis, signifying "not of a citizen"
A child who is beyond parental control, as evidenced by his or her refusal to obey legitimate authorities, such as school officials and teachers, is said to be a(an) _____.
A child who is beyond parental control, as evidenced by his or her refusal to obey legitimate authorities, such as school officials and teachers, is said to be experiencing indisciplined child.
Indiscipline refers to a lack of self-control and disobedience towards authority figures which manifest in various forms of defiant behavior.
This indicates challenging situation where the child exhibits a consistent pattern of not adhering to rules and regulations set by those in positions of authority which may require intervention and guidance from parents or other responsible individuals.
Hence, this term above describes a child who consistently disobeys and disregards authority figures, making it challenging for parents and educators to manage their behavior and instill discipline.
The House Judiciary Committee issued three articles of impeachment against President Nixon. What were they? abuse of power obstruction of justice lying under oath treasonous activities Constitutional misconduct contempt of Congress
As a mother, linda sometimes feels torn. most of the time she focuses on being loving and supportive, but sometimes she needs to be firm to discipline her children. these opposing expectations are an example of
This power of the Supreme Court can undo public policy
Judicial review
Legislative inquiry
Legal oversight
Question: A televised image of a starving polar bear surrounded by melting icebergs had a greater impact on Mr. Young’s perception of the extensiveness of climate change than did a statistical chart summarizing the earth’s temperature over the last two hundred years. This suggests that Mr. Young’s assessment of the climate change issue is influenced by:
a. the representativeness heuristic
b. confirmation bias
c. fixation
d. the availability,
Anthony is passionate about politics and enjoys sharing and discussing his views with others over the internet. anthony regularly visits several popular political ____, which are web pages designed to facilitate written discussions between people on specific subjects.
Governor perry's desire to eliminate some federal agencies was based on
When city dwellers fail to respond to ordinary traffic sounds, it is an example of:?
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. What is the world’s second-highest mountain?
Answer:
k2
Explanation:
GIVE OTHER GUY CROWN FOR HELPINGGGGGGGGG
What behavior is shown by two bighorn sheep butting heads in a fight for a female?
The behavior shown is agonistic interaction
An effective interviewer/interrogator relies on _____ to motivate people to talk.
In the second stage of reiss's wheel theory of love, ________ brings the couple closer together.