Answer:
Explanation:
The KM Theory is the 'micro' molecular description of the behavior of matter. That is, the theory takes into account particle-particle interactions. This is contrast with the 'macro' molecular description of matter that is based upon empirical relationships without taking into account particle - particle interactions.
For example, Charles Law defines the relationship of gas volume as a function of temperature as being direct. That is, an increase in temperature results in an increase in volume of gas. No mention is made of the fact that the increasing temperature is increasing the kinetic energy content of the particles causing an increase in velocity of the particles.
However, application of the principles of the KM Theory takes into account the relationship between kinetic energy and particle velocity in terms of increasing temperature and transfer of energy to specific quantities of matter. Such results are based upon probability concepts that 4 primary reaction factors must come together simultaneously to effect a chemical reaction. These are ...
1. reactive concentration of reactants => C
2. effective collisions occurring (orientation of particles on collisions) => E
3. the interaction of reactive structures by nature => N
4. temperature - energy conditions initiate reaction (activation energy point) => T
These are assumptions are 'reaction factors' (=> C.E.N.T for memory purposes) that must come together simultaneously to effect a reaction. The greatest probability of this occurring is at the temperature condition called the 'Activation Energy'. The relationship that defines this probability is called the Arrhenius Equation k = Ae^-ΔEₐ/RT where k is the kinetic rate constant, A is a proportionality constant, ΔEₐ the Activation Energy and T the Kelvin Temperature.
At constant volume, the pressure of a gas is 755 kPa at 30.0 degrees C. What is the temperature of the gas if the pressure is decreased to 252 kPa?
Answer:
T₂ = 101.13 K OR
- 172.02 °C
Explanation:
Given data:
Initial pressure of gas = 755 Kpa
Initial temperature = 30.0°C
Final temperature = ?
Final pressure = 252 Kpa
Solution;
Initial temperature = 30.0°C (30+273 = 303 K)
According to Gay-Lussac Law,
The pressure of given amount of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant volume and number of moles.
Mathematical relationship:
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
Now we will put the values in formula:
755 Kpa / 303 K = 252 Kpa / T₂
T₂ = 252 Kpa ×303 K / 755 Kpa
T₂ = 76356 KPa.K / 755 Kpa
T₂ = 101.13 K
Kelvin to °C:
101.13 K - 273.15 = - 172.02 °C
In a closed system at 40°C, a liquid has a vapor
pressure of 50 kPa. The liquid's normal boiling
point could be
(1) 10°C
(3) 40°C
(2) 30°C
(4) 60°C
The question pertains to the normal boiling point of a liquid, which is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals 1 atm (101.3 kPa). Given the vapor pressure is 50 kPa at 40°C, the normal boiling point must be higher than 40°C, making 60°C the correct answer.
Explanation:The question concerns the normal boiling point of a liquid, which is defined as the temperature at which a liquid’s vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure. In a closed system at 40°C, a liquid has a vapor pressure of 50 kPa, but the normal boiling point occurs when its vapor pressure reaches 101.3 kPa, the typical atmospheric pressure. Given that the vapor pressure of the liquid at 40°C is less than 101.3 kPa, and knowing that vapor pressure increases with temperature until it reaches atmospheric pressure (allowing the liquid to boil), the liquid's normal boiling point must be higher than 40°C. Therefore, the answer is (4) 60°C, as it’s the only option provided that is higher than 40°C.
How much heat is required, in calories, to raise the temperature of 57.8g of silver from 17.0oC to 43.5oC, if the specific heat of silver = 0.057cal / goC?
Answer:
83.60oC per cal
Explanation:
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 57.8g of silver from 17.0°C to 43.5°C is 87.31 calories.
How to calculate energy?The energy required to raise the temperature of a substance can be calculated using the following formula:
Q = m × c × ∆T
Where;
Q = quantity of heat absorbed or releasedm = mass of the substancec = specific heat capacity∆T = change in temperatureQ = 57.8 × 0.057 × (43.5 - 17)
Q = 87.31calories
Therefore, the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 57.8g of silver from 17.0°C to 43.5°C is 87.31 calories.
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You’re at the zoo and have a big red 1.80 L helium balloon. The barometric pressure today is 785 mmHg. Then you hear the roar of a lion. Startled, you accidentally release the balloon. It flies away. By the time it reaches the clouds, the atmospheric pressure that high is only 3.00 atmospheres. What would the volume of the balloon up there? (Temperature is constant)
Answer:
0.62 L
Explanation:
Step 1:
Data obtained from the question.
Initial Volume (V1) = 1.80 L
Initial pressure (P1) = 785 mmHg
Final pressure (P2) = 3.00 atm
Final volume (V2) =?
Step 2:
Conversion of the pressure in mmHg to atm.
It is important to express the initial and the final pressure in the same unit. Either express both in atm or in mmHg. What ever the case is, we'll still arrive at same answer. Here, we shall be converting from mmHg to atm. This is illustrated below:
760mmHg = 1atm
Therefore, 785 mmHg = 785/760 = 1.03 atm
Step 3:
Determination of the final volume. This is illustrated below.
We shall be applying the Boyle's law equation since the temperature is constant.
P1V1 = P2V2
Initial Volume (V1) = 1.80 L
Initial pressure (P1) = 1.03 atm
Final pressure (P2) = 3.00 atm
Final volume (V2) =?
P1V1 = P2V2
1.03 x 1.8 = 3 x V2
Divide both side by 3
V2 = (1.03 x 1.8) /3
V2 = 0.62 L
Therefore, the new volume of the balloon is 0.62 L
Answer:
The volume of the balloon up there will be 0.618 L
Explanation:
Given:
V₁ = 1.8 L
P₁ = 785 mmHg = 1.03 atm
P₂ = 3 atm
Question: What would the volume of the balloon up there, V₂ = ?
According the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
However, in this case, the number of moles of helium balloon is constant. The temperature will also be assumed to be constant. Therefore, the expression of the ideal gases is as follows:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
Solving for V₂
[tex]V_{2} =\frac{P_{1}V_{1} }{P_{2} } =\frac{1.03*1.8}{3} =0.618L[/tex]
The graph that BEST represents the speed of sound relative to the density of the medium it is traveling through is A) A B) B C) C D) D
Answer:
B .
Explanation:
Answer:
D
Explanation:
I tried it and it worked :)
The Volume of a certain gas is 29.3 liters at STP. What would be the volume of the same gas at 1.39 atmospheres and -23.0oC? (R= 0.0821 L.atm/mol.k)
Answer:
V₂ =19.30 L
Explanation:
Given data:
Initial volume of gas = 29.3 L
Initial temperature = standard = 273 K
Initial pressure = standard = 1 atm
Final volume = ?
Final temperature = -23°C (-23+273 =250 K)
Final pressure = 1.39 atm
Solution:
Formula:
P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂
P₁ = Initial pressure
V₁ = Initial volume
T₁ = Initial temperature
P₂ = Final pressure
V₂ = Final volume
T₂ = Final temperature
Solution:
V₂ = P₁V₁ T₂/ T₁ P₂
V₂ = 1 atm × 29.3 L × 250 K / 273 K × 1.39 atm
V₂ = 7325 atm.L.K / 379.47 K.atm
V₂ =19.30 L
Dustin saw the following moon phase in the sky. What moon phase will he most likely see in 14 days? A. a first-quarter moon B. a new moon C. a last quarter moon D. a full moon Reset Submit
Answer: New Moon
Explanation: I Tried it on study island
Answer:
Answer: New Moon
Explanation:
Molecules of two substances at the same temperature have the same:
A) average kinetic energy.
B) heat content.
C) distance between the molecules.
D) average potential energy.
Answer:
heat content
Explanation:
the kinetic energy , distance between molecules, and potential energy are all depending on the substance
How is the solubility of carbon dioxide gas in water increased?
by stirring the mixture
by increasing the pressure
by using more solvent
by increasing the temperature
Answer:
by increasing the temperature
15L tank of gas is contained at a high pressure of 8.20 •10 ^4 torr. The tank is opened and the gas expands into an empty chamber with a volume of 6• 10^4 L
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
15L tank of gas is contained at a high pressure of [tex]8.20\times 10^4 torr[/tex]. The tank is opened and the gas expands into an empty chamber with a volume of [tex]6\times 10^4 L. What is the final pressure if the temperature remains constant.
Answer: 20.5 torr
Explanation:
To calculate the new pressure, we use the equation given by Boyle's law. This law states that pressure is directly proportional to the volume of the gas at constant temperature.
The equation given by this law is:
[tex]P_1V_1=P_2V_2[/tex]
where,
[tex]P_1\text{ and }V_1[/tex] are initial pressure and volume.
[tex]P_2\text{ and }V_2[/tex] are final pressure and volume.
We are given:
[tex]P_1=8.20\times 10^4torr\\V_1=15L\\P_2=?\\V_2=6\times 10^4L[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]8.20\times 10^4\times 15L=P_2\times 6\times 10^4L\\\\P_2=20.5torr[/tex]
Thus new pressure will be [tex]20.5torr[/tex]
1- A gas occupies a volume of 4.0 L at 2.5 kPa. What volume will the gas occupy at 20.0 kPa?
I
Answer:
0.5 L
Explanation:
V1 (initial volume) = 4 L
P1 (initial pressure) = 2.5 kPa
P2 (final pressure) = 20 kPa
V2 (final volume) = ?
Use Boyle's law P1V1 = P2V2, to find the the final volume
P1V1 = P2V2
2.5 x 4 = 20 x V2
Divide both side by 20
V2 = (2.5 x 4)/20
V2 = 0.5 L
Answer: 0.5L
Explanation:
Using Boyle's law
P1V1=P2V2
P1= 2.5kpa
V1= 4l
V2= ?
P2= 20.0kpa
Substitute the value into this formula
P1V1=P2V2
2.5×4=20×V2
Cross multiply
2.5×4=20V2
V2= 2.5×4/20
V2= 80/2.5
V2= 0.5L
So 0.5L of gas will occupy 20.0kpa
What is the only thing held constant in a combined gas law problem?
Only the amount of gas is held constant.
10 POINTS PLEASE HELP ASASP WILL MARK BRANLIEST
Which of the following statements regarding the influence of organisms on rocks is true?
A.
Rocks can be neither formed nor altered by the activity of organisms.
B.
Rocks can be formed and altered by the activity of organisms.
C.
Rocks can only be altered by the activity of organisms.
D.
Rocks can only be formed by the activity of organisms.
Answer:
B. Rocks can be formed and altered by the activity of organisms
Explanation:
Why is a coin able to float on top of water?
Answer:
i think it is because of surface tension
Explanation:
Answer:
sample response - Surface tension is the result of water molecules pulling inward with a strong attractive force. This attractive force brings the molecules on the surface of the water close together and causes the surface of the water to be drawn toward the water molecules beneath the surface. Since there are no water molecules above the surface, there are uneven forces. This causes surface tension, allowing the coin to float on the water’s surface.
Explanation:
ywww :) from edg.
How many representative particles are in 1.45 g of a molecular compound with a molar mass of 237 g?
Answer: 3.68 x 10^21 particles
Explanation:
Based on Avogadro's law:
1 mole of any substance has 6.02 x 10^23 atoms
Since 1 mole is the same as molar mass of a substance
237 g = 6.02 x 10^23 atoms
1.45g = Z atoms
To get the value of Z, cross multiply:
(Z atoms x 237g) = (6.02 x 10^23 atoms x 1.45g)
237Z = 8.729 x 10^23
Z = (8.729 x 10^23 / 237)
Z = 3.68 x 10^21
Thus, there are 3.68 x 10^21 representative particles in 1.45 g of the molecular compound.
To find the number of representative particles in 1.45 g of a substance with a molar mass of 237 g/mol, first calculate the number of moles by dividing the mass by the molar mass, then multiply by Avogadro's number. The calculation shows there are approximately 3.69 × 10²± representative particles.
Explanation:To calculate the number of representative particles in 1.45 g of a molecular compound with a molar mass of 237 g/mol, we need to use Avogadro's number and the concept of molar mass.
First, we determine the number of moles in 1.45 g:
Number of moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol) = 1.45 g / 237 g/mol.
After finding the number of moles, we use Avogadro's number (6.02 × 10²³ particles/mol) to find the number of representative particles:
Number of particles = number of moles × Avogadro's number.
Therefore, we would calculate:
1.45 g / 237 g/mol = 0.0061180 moles.
Number of particles = 0.0061180 moles × 6.02 × 10²³ particles/mol.
After performing the multiplication, we find:
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What is the mass of oxygen that can be produced from 2.79 moles of lead(ll) nitrate
1.38 moles of oxygen
Explanation:
Thermal decomposition of Lead (II) nitrate is shown by the balanced equation below;
2Pb(NO₃)₂ → 2PbO + 4NO₂ + O₂
The mole ration of Lead (II) nitrate to oxygen is 2: 1
Therefore 2.76 moles of Lead (II) nitrate will lead to production of? moles of oxygen;
2: 1
2.76: x
Cross-multiply;
2x = 2.76 * 1
x = 2.76 / 2
x = 1.38
C6H1206 +602 → 6002 + 6H20 AH = -2,799 kJ
How much energy is given off when 100.0 g of C6H1206 react?
Answer:
C^6 H^1206, 602,6002, 6H ^20, 2799 AHkJ, 100g C^6 H^1206
Explanation:
Harry uses a pulley to pull up a bucket of water from a well. He uses chemical energy in his body to apply mechanical energy to the system. Which of the following energy transformations also occurs as the bucket rises?
In pulling up a bucket of water, Harry uses chemical energy converted into mechanical energy, which transforms into gravitational potential energy as the bucket rises.
Explanation:When Harry pulls up the bucket of water from the well using a pulley, a number of energy transformations occur. Initially, he uses the chemical energy in his body (obtained from the food he eats) to apply mechanical energy to the system (pulley and bucket). As the bucket begins to rise, the mechanical energy is transformed into gravitational potential energy. This is similar to water at a higher elevation having a higher potential energy than water at a lower elevation.
This process demonstrates a key principle in physics: energy is conserved and can be transferred or transformed from one form to another, but is never lost. So in this case, the chemical energy in Harry's muscles is converted into mechanical energy, which in turn is transformed into gravitational potential energy as the bucket is lifted higher in the well.
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Are scientific theories all proven facts?
Answer:
Any scientific theory must be based on a careful and rational examination of the facts. Facts and theories are two different things. In the scientific method, there is a clear distinction between facts, which can be observed and/or measured, and theories, which are scientists' explanations and interpretations of the facts.
Explanation:
A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can be repeatedly tested and verified in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results.
Which statement describes a reaction at equilibrium?
1. The mass of the products must equal the mass of the reactants
2. The entropy of the reactants must equal the entropy of the products
3. The rate of formation of the products must equal the rate of formation of the reactants.
4. The number of moles of the reactants must equal the number of moles of the products.
Answer:
3. The rate of formation of the products must equal the rate of formation of the reactants.
Explanation:
The reaction at the equilibrium represents the rate of formation of the products that is equivalent to the rate of formation of the reactants.
What is the reaction?It is arise at the equilibrium at the time when the amounts of reactants or products should be same. The Chemical equilibrium refers to the dynamic process that represent the rate of formation of products via the forward reaction i.e. equivalent to the rate where the products should be reform reactions via the reverse reaction.
hence, the option 3 is correct.
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what is the mass in grams of 0.375 mol if the element potassium, k?
Answer: 14.625g
Explanation:
No of moles= mass given/molar mass
No of moles given= 0.375mol
Mass is the unknown (?)
Molar mass of K= 39
No of moles = mass given/molar mass
Substitute the values
0.375= mass/39
Cross multiply
Mass = 39×0.375
Mass= 14.625g
The mass is 14.625g
Answer:
14.625g
Explanation:
Mass of a substance =number of moles of the substance × molar mass of the substance
Substance of interest is potassium, K
Given, Number of moles of K =0.375mol
Molar mass of K =39g/mol
Therefore, mass of K =0.375×39=14.625g
An organism's unique characteristics affect the individual's ability to survive in its environment. true or false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
6-8 , what does those symbols mean ?
Answer:
The weird one that looks like a B is a symbol for a beta ray.
"He" and the infinity looking a represents an alpha particle.
6= Beta ray
7 & 8= alpha particle
What mass, in grams, of aluminum hydroxide will be required to prepare the 4 L of a 1.75 M solution?
Answer: 0.53g
Explanation:
No of moles= volume ×molarity/1000
We have the volume and the molarity
Volume=4L
Molarity=1.7M
No of moles = 4×1.7/1000
No of moles= 0.0068moles
Remember also that
No of moles= mass given/molar mass
Molar mass of Al(OH)3
Al= 27
O=16
H=1
Molar mass = Al+(O+H)3
Molar mass= 27+(16+1)3
Molar mass= 27+(17)3
Molar mass = 27+51
Molar mass= 78g/mol
To get the mass
Mass given = no of moles × molar mass
Mass= 0.0068×78
Mass= 0.53g
Describe the electrolysis of molten lithium chloride to produce lithium and chlorine gas.
Answer:
it mainly depends what state of lithium chloride that you use to electrolysis, if you choose the aqueous state of lithium chloride then you'll have a produce of chlorine and oxygen at the anode, lithium and hydrogen is produce at the cathode but lithium will react with water to form lithium hydroxide
Explanation:
Final answer:
The electrolysis of molten lithium chloride results in the formation of lithium metal at the cathode and chlorine gas at the anode, involving the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy through electrolysis.
Explanation:
The question is about describing the electrolysis of molten lithium chloride to produce lithium and chlorine gas. The process of electrolysis involves passing an electric current through molten lithium chloride (LiCl), resulting in the formation of lithium metal (Li) and chlorine gas (Cl₂). This process takes place in an electrolytic cell.
At the cathode (negative electrode), lithium ions (Li⁺) gain electrons (e⁻) to form lithium metal (Li).At the anode (positive electrode), chloride ions (Cl⁻) lose electrons to form chlorine gas (Cl₂).Overall reaction: 2LiCl(l) → 2Li(s) + Cl₂(g)
At the cathode: Li⁺ + e⁻ → Li(s)
At the anode: 2Cl⁻ → Cl₂(g) + 2e⁻
These reactions demonstrate the principle of electrochemistry where chemical energy is converted into electrical energy, and vice versa. The electrolysis of molten lithium chloride is an efficient way to produce pure lithium metal and chlorine gas, which have various applications in industries.
Can red cabbage juice indicator be used to determine the strength of acids and bases? Explain.
The strong acid and strong base has high rate constant of dissociation. Weak acid and base are the one whose rate constant for the dissociation is low, they do not dissociate readily in water. The red cabbage juice can be used to determine the strength of acids and bases.
What are acid and base?Acid is a solution which releases H⁺ hydrogen ion when dissolved in water. Base are the solution which releases hydroxide ion OH⁻ ion when dissolved in water
Red cabbage juice contain a pigment called anthocyanin. Acidic solutions turns purple color of anthocyanin red. Basic solutions turns purple color of anthocyanin greenish-yellow. There will be no change in color in neutral solution.
Therefore, red cabbage juice can be used to determine the strength of acids and bases.
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0.65 moles of O2 originally at 85°C is cooled
such that it now occupies 8.0 L at 40.°C.
What is the final pressure exerted by the gas?
Answer:
2.09 atm
Explanation:
We can solve this problem by using the equation of state for an ideal gas, which relates the pressure, the volume and the temperature of an ideal gas:
[tex]pV=nRT[/tex]
where
p is the pressure of the gas
V is its volume
n is the number of moles
R is the gas constant
T is the absolute temperature
In this problem we have:
n = 0.65 mol is the number of moles of the gas
V = 8.0 L is the final volume of the gas
[tex]T=40C+273=313 K[/tex] is the temperature of the gas
[tex]R=0.082 atm L mol^{-1} K^{-1}[/tex] is the gas constant
Solving for p, we find the final pressure of the gas:
[tex]p=\frac{nRT}{V}=\frac{(0.65)(0.082)(313)}{8.0}=2.09 atm[/tex]
0.65 moles of O₂ at 40. °C and 2.1 atm occupy a volume of 8.0 L.
0.65 moles (n) of O₂ originally at 85°C is cooled. It occupies 8.0 L (V) at 40.°C (T). We will convert the final temperature to Kelvin using the following expression.
[tex]K = \°C + 273.15 = 40\°C + 273.15 = 313 K[/tex]
We can calculate the final pressure (P) exerted by the gas using the ideal gas equation.
[tex]P \times V = n \times R \times T\\\\P = \frac{n \times R \times T}{V} = \frac{0.65 mol \times (\frac{0.082atm.L}{mol.K} ) \times 313K}{8.0L} = 2.1 atm[/tex]
0.65 moles of O₂ at 40. °C and 2.1 atm occupy a volume of 8.0 L.
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The number 40 in the name calcium-40 represents
A. the atomic number
B. the number of protons in the atom
C. the sum of the protons and neutrons
D. none of these
Answer:
A. the atomic number
Explanation:
It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth.
Therefore, the independent variable was
and the dependent
variable was
In a study or experiment, the independent variable is what the researcher manipulates and the dependent variable is the response being measured. An example of this would be studying the effect of sunlight (independent variable) on plant growth (dependent variable).
Explanation:In any experiment or study, the independent variable is the factor that the researcher manipulates or chooses intending to cause a change. It's the variable you have control over. The outcome of this change is observed and measured in the dependent variable. The dependent variable responds to the change you made to the independent variable. For example, if you were studying the effect of varying amounts of sunlight on plant growth. The amount of sunlight would be the independent variable (as you are controlling the amount each plant gets), and the plant growth would be the dependent variable (as you measure it after).
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Answer:
first part of the problem: temperture and volume
second part: tempture and volume
hope this helps
Explanation:
What is the difference between the 3 types of solar eclipses
based on how they occur? ILL OUT YOU AS BRANILEST
Answer:
Hi There The correct answer There are 3 kinds of solar eclipses: total, partial, and annular. There is a rare hybrid that is a combination of an annular and a total eclipse.
Hope it helps!
Answer:
There are 3 kinds of solar eclipses: partial, total, and annular.
Total EclipseA total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon completely covers the Sun, as seen from Earth.
Partial EclipseThis one happens when the moon covers part of the sun.
Annular EclipseAn annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon appears smaller than the Sun as it passes centrally across the sun and leaves a ring of light around the moon.
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