Answer:
it’s b
Explanation:
Answer:
b
Explanation:
How does the use of fertilizer affect the nitrogen cycle?
The nitrogen cycle is a natural process that adds nitrogen to the soil. However, the use of fertilizers has increased the amount of usable nitrogen in the soil. The extra nitrogen seems appealing from the agricultural viewpoint that more nutrients in the soil means higher yield crops...
Answer:
When farmers harvest crops, a lot of the plant material is also removed. Little is left to decay and return nitrogen to the soil. If the soil stays this way, it will start producing fewer crops. Fertilizer contains the nitrogen compounds that are essential for plant growth. It can be used to replace the nitrogen in the soil to ensure the growth of healthy crops.
Explanation:
What is thought to be the correct sequence of these events, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on Earth? origin of mitochondria origin of multicellular eukaryotes origin of chloroplasts origin of cyanobacteria origin of fungal-plant symbioses
The correct chronological sequence of the mentioned events in the evolution of life on Earth is: the origin of cyanobacteria, followed by the origin of mitochondria, the origin of chloroplasts, the origin of multicellular eukaryotes, and finally, the origin of fungal-plant symbioses.
Explanation:The correct sequence of events from earliest to most recent in the evolution of life on Earth is as follows:
Origin of cyanobacteria: These are among the earliest forms of life and were important for converting Earth's early, oxygen-less atmosphere into one that could support life as we know it today.Origin of mitochondria: Mitochondria likely originated from aerobic bacteria that entered host cells, where they have a mutualistic relationship.Origin of chloroplasts: Like mitochondria, chloroplasts likely originated from once free-living organisms, specifically cyanobacteria, which entered a host cell and evolved a endosymbiotic relationship.Origin of multicellular eukaryotes: This represents the evolution from single-celled organisms to organisms with multiple cells.Origin of fungal-plant symbioses: This occurs later in the timeline and represents a key point in the development of complex ecosystems on land.Learn more about Evolution of Life here:https://brainly.com/question/34623568
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eukaryotic cells. Classify each statement according to whether it occurs in eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells, or both.
Eukaryotic Cell Only Both Prokaryotic Cell Only
1. The start codon is often AUG.
2.There are multiple ribosome binding sites.
3. The ribosome is 70S.
4. The large subunit of the ribosome is 60S.
5. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
6. The ribosome initially binds the 5' of mRNA.
Answer:
Both:
The start codon is often AUGEukaryotic cell only:
The larger subunit of the ribosome is 60s.The ribosomes initially binds the 5' end of mRNA.Prokaryotic cell only:
The ribosome is 70sTranslation occurs in the cytoplasmThere are multiple ribosome binding siteExplanation:
AUG is the common start codon for both eukaryotic as well prokaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cell, it codes for methionine . While in prokaryotic cell, it codes for formyl methionine.In prokaryotic cell, ribosomes are found in cytoplasm, hence the translation occurs in cytoplasm.Eukaryotic ribosome consists of two subunits; 40s and 60s(larger subunit)Prokaryotic ribosomes have 70s ribososme, which consists of 50s and 20s subuints in eukaryotic cell, 40s ribosome initially binds to the cap at the 5' end of mRNA.Bacterial mRNA contain multiple ribosome binding sites.n horses, the hair color gene has a dominant allele B (Black) and a recessive allele b (Chestnut). The gait gene has a dominant allele T (Trotter), and a recessive allele t (Pacer). If a Black Trotter is heterozygous for both traits, how many types of allele combinations for these 2 traits can be found in the gametes it produces
Answer:
The answer is 9.
Explanation:
There are dominant and recessive genes for both the hair color gene and the gait gene in horses, B, b, T and t respectively.
If a black trotter is heterozygous that means it's genotype is going to be Bb and Tt, therefore it will possess both dominant and recessive genes for the two traits.
The allele combinations in the gametes it produces can be BBTT, BBTt, BBtt, BbTT, BbTt, Bbtt, bbTT, bbTt and bbtt .
I hope this answer helps.
Answer:
Four (4). BT, Bt, bT and bt
Explanation:
The hair color has two alleles, dominant B for black and recessive b for chestnut.
The gait also has two alleles, dominant T for trotter and recessive t for pacer.
Heterozygous black trotter will have the genotype BbTt.
Gametes usually have half the amount of allele of the parents
BbTt can have the the following allelic combination in its gamete: BT, Bt, bT and bt.
Hence, there are four (4) possible types of allele combinations for the two traits and they are BT, Bt, bT and bt.
You can see the attached image for the Punnet square analysis of the gametic alleles.
What are the medical uses of Interferon beta-1a?
Answer:
Interferon beta-1a intramuscular injection is used to treat adults with various forms of multiple sclerosis (MS; a disease in which the nerves do not function properly and people may experience weakness, numbness, loss of muscle coordination, and problems with vision, speech, and bladder control
Interferon beta-1a is a protein used in the medical field to slow viral replication and stimulate cytotoxic T cells in the immune system, aiding in the treatment of diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Hepatitis B and C, certain types of cancers, genital herpes, influenza, and HIV.
Explanation:Interferon beta-1a is a type of protein that has various medical uses, primarily in the treatment of diseases like multiple sclerosis and viral infections such as Hepatitis B and C. It functions by slowing down viral replication and stimulating cytotoxic T cells, which ultimately overwhelm the virus and kill infected cells before the virus fully replicates.
Aside from its antiviral properties, Interferon beta-1a also helps in the treatment of certain types of cancers, such as melanoma. Some other diseases that can be treated with this protein include genital herpes and influenza. These treatments however merely manage symptoms of these diseases rather than provide a definitive cure. For instance, in the treatment of genital herpes, Interferon beta-1a can reduce the number and duration of episodes but cannot completely eliminate the virus.
Interferon beta-1a's antiviral properties have also been used successfully in treating the retrovirus HIV. Anti-HIV drugs, which include Interferon beta-1a, control viral replication to a point that allows individuals to survive for a significantly longer period of time than untreated ones would.
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Although photosynthesis does produce some ATP, these molecules are not used to do the work of the plant cells. What other process occurs in the cells that provides the ATP necessary to do cellular work such as make proteins, divide cells, and move substances across membranes?
Answer:
glucose
Explanation:
In the mitochondria of both plant and animal cells, a process known as cellular respiration is used to extract the energy from these sugars.
So where do the ATP are produced?
It is common to refer to mitochondria as the cell's energy factories or powerhouses. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's primary energy-carrying molecule, is their task. Cellular respiration is the process of producing ATP using chemical energy from fuels like sugars, and many of its steps take place inside the mitochondria.Light energy is collected during photosynthesis and used to create sugars from carbon dioxide. The plant cell may use the sugars produced during photosynthesis, or animals that eat the plant, like humans, may consume them. Plants and cyanobacteria use a method called photophosphorylation. During photosynthesis, it is the process of making ATP from ADP with the help of sunlight's energy. The process of cellular respiration in a cell also results in the production of ATP in the mitochondria. Aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen, or anaerobic respiration, which does not, can accomplish this. From glucose and oxygen, aerobic respiration produces ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. Chemicals other than oxygen are used in anaerobic respiration, which is mostly used by bacteria and archaea that live in anaerobic environments. Fermentation is one more approach to creating ATP that doesn't need oxygen. Because it does not make use of an electron transport chain, it is distinct from anaerobic respiration. ATP is produced through fermentation by organisms like yeast and bacteria.To know more about photosynthesis click here:
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Fill in the blanks with appropriate option.
The process of Transcription occurs in the ___ and involves the copying of _____. This copied information will then be _____ in the cytoplasm to create a _____, which is composed of smaller building blocks called _____. During translation, individual ____are attached to one another via _____. As the protein strand gets larger and leaves the ribosome, it begins to fold into the first phase of its 3 dimensional structure (secondary structure). _____ give rise to the protein's secondary structure. In the tertiary/quaternary structure of a protein, _____ amino acids are typically found towards the center of the structure, while ____are found towards the outside of the protein, facing the watery environment of the cell.Options:protein, covalent bond, hydrophobic, translated, amino acids, a portion of genome, hydrogen bonds, cytoplasm, the entire genome, transcribed again, hydrophillic, half the genome, mRNA strand, nucleus, replicated, nucleotides
Answer:
The process of Transcription occurs in the __nucleus_ and involves the copying of ___genome__. This copied information will then be ___translated__ in the cytoplasm to create a _protein____, which is composed of smaller building blocks called __aminoacids___. During translation, individual _amino acids___are attached to one another via __covalent bond___. As the protein strand gets larger and leaves the ribosome, it begins to fold into the first phase of its 3 dimensional structure (secondary structure). __Hydrogen bond___ give rise to the protein's secondary structure. In the tertiary/quaternary structure of a protein, ___hydrophobic__ amino acids are typically found towards the center of the structure, while _hydrophilic___are found towards the outside of the protein, facing the watery environment of the cell.
Explanation:
The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves copying the entire genome. The copied information is transcribed again in the cytoplasm to create an mRNA strand composed of nucleotides. Translation then occurs, where amino acids are attached to one another via covalent bonds and the protein structure begins to fold.
Explanation:The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves the copying of the entire genome. This copied information will then be transcribed again in the cytoplasm to create a mRNA strand, which is composed of smaller building blocks called nucleotides. During translation, individual amino acids are attached to one another via covalent bonds. As the protein strand gets larger and leaves the ribosome, it begins to fold into the first phase of its 3 dimensional structure (secondary structure). Hydrogen bonds give rise to the protein's secondary structure. In the tertiary/quaternary structure of a protein, hydrophobic amino acids are typically found towards the center of the structure, while hydrophilic amino acids are found towards the outside of the protein, facing the watery environment of the cell.
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15
If someone is having a heart attack at a
dance party, in which of the following
situations would the other partygoers
be more likely to show the bystander
intervention effect?
ut of 1
OPTIONS:
a. When there are just two other people at the party.
b. When everyone is wearing a nametag.
c. When there are more than 50 people attending the same party.
d. When the need for help from the person who is having a heart attack is very clear
Answer:
c. When there are more than 50 people attending the same party.
Explanation:
Bystander effect is a term used in social psychology to describe the tendency of an individual to intervene in the event of an emergency to offer help to the person needing it, when others are present at the scene of the emergency.
In the case of an emergency just like the scenario stated in the question, where someone develops a heart attack at a dance party, if the party has more people, the slimmer the chance of the person getting help from any of the 50 people at the party, as the presence of others would tend to discourage the any individual from attempting to help the victim having the heart attack.
The situation that would more likely show the bystander intervention effect is "c. When there are more than 50 people attending the same party."
Which of the following statements about enzyme function is true? A. Enzyme function is independent of physical and chemical environmental factors such as pH and temperature. B. Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by providing activation energy to the substrate. C. Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers. D. Enzyme function is generally increased if the three-dimensional structure or conformation of an enzyme is altered.
Answer:
C. Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers.
Explanation:
Enzymes are biological catalysts which increases the rate of a chemical reaction. They do so by lowering the activation energy barrier between reactants and products.
Enzyme function are dependent of physical and chemical environmental factors such as pH and temperature. High temperature will denature the enzyme and reduce or stop its activity while pH outside the range of that of the enzyme will slow down its activity.
They don’t provide activation energy to the substrate.
The option that give description of function of enzymes among the given options is Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers.
An enzyme can be regarded as substance which acts as a catalyst in living organisms, they helps in regulation of the rate at which chemical reactions proceed and at the end of the reaction, the catalyst themselves remains unaltered.When Enzymes are introduced to a reaction, then the rate of reaction will increase since the Enzymes will lower the activation energy barriersFunctions of Enzyme are considered dependent on physical as well as chemical environmental factors.These factors includes pH and temperature.Enzymes does not involve in provision of activation energy to the substrateAt a High temperature enzymes can be denatured.Example is Amylase, this particular enzyme can be found in saliva.
Therefore, enzymes acts as catalyst.
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distinguish common name and scientific name
Common names are everyday names used to refer to organisms, whereas scientific names use the binomial naming system and consist of the genus and species name to provide a standardized identification system for organisms.
Explanation:In biology, a common name refers to the name by which an organism is commonly known in everyday language, while the scientific name, also known as the binomial name, is a two-part name consisting of the genus and species name, used to uniquely identify a species. Common names are often based on physical characteristics or cultural associations and can vary across regions, whereas scientific names provide a standardized and universal identification system for organisms. For example, the North American blue jay has the scientific name Cyanocitta cristata.
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For years, biologists called most prokaryotes “bacteria.” Which statement best explains why a biologists now divide prokaryotes into two distinct categories?
Answer:
Genetically, archaea are in some ways more similar to eukaryotes than to bacteria.
Explanation:
Biologists now classify prokaryotes into two distinct categories because genetically, archaea are more similar to eukaryotes than to bacteria. This classification is due to differences in evolutionary history, genetics, metabolic pathways, and cell wall composition. Hence, the correct answer is option A.
While both archaea and bacteria are prokaryotes and lack a nucleus, they differ significantly in several aspects:
Evolutionary History: Archaea have a distinct evolutionary lineage that makes them more closely related to eukaryotes.Genetics: When comparing genetic material, archaea and eukaryotes share more similarities than archaea and bacteria.Metabolic Pathways: Differences in metabolism and biochemical pathways are observed between these groups.Cell Wall and Membrane Composition: The cell walls and membranes of archaea contain unique lipids and proteins not found in bacteria.This genetic and functional diversity has led biologists to classify archaea and bacteria into separate domains within the prokaryotic umbrella.
Complete question as follows:
For years, biologists called most prokaryotes “bacteria.” Which statement best explains why a biologists now divide prokaryotes into two distinct categories?
A. Genetically, archaea are in some ways more similar to eukaryotes than to bacteria.
B. Archaea are small, cellular, and lack nuclei.
C. Biologists compared the appearance of archaea and bacteria under the microscope.
D. Archaea can live in high-temperature environments.
Cattle live in an area where the streams are dry. For which basic need do these cattle most likely compete?
energy
food
shelter
water
Answer:
water
Explanation:
they would need water the most
As these other demands can usually be satisfied in other ways, competition for water seems considered to be more significant to cattle than it is for food, housing, or energy. So, the correct option is D.
Why cattle need water to survive?Like all other living things, cattle need a steady supply of water to survive. According to the text, there may not be much accessibility to water in the area because the streams where the cattle are located are dry.
Large, hoofed mammals which are domesticated for their milk, meat, leather, as well as other goods are known as cattle, also known as cows or bovines. They are frequently kept on ranches or farms and are renowned for their mild and docile personalities. Since they are herbivores, cattle often eat grass, hay, and other types of plant matter.
As a result, since access to water is a basic requirement for survival, the cattle could have to struggle against one another to obtain it.
So, the correct option is D.
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In modern times, how often have large lava flows occurred?
Large lava flows have happened infrequently in modern times compared to geological history, but Kilauea in 2014 and the ancient Yellowstone eruption illustrate their potential destructiveness and the rare possibility of a volcanic winter that could affect global climates and food production.
In modern times, large lava flows have occurred relatively infrequently when compared to Earth's geological history, but they still pose significant risks. The Columbia River basalts are one such example from the past, where a massive outpouring of basaltic lava covered over 500,000 km² of North America. More recently, in 2014, Kilauea's lava flow advanced at about 160 m/day and even though human casualties due to lava flows are rare thanks to the slow pace of most lava, they can cause substantial property damage. The most notable recent eruptive event was the formation of the Yellowstone Caldera and the Lava Creek Tuff roughly 631,000 years ago, throwing 1000 cubic kilometers of material into the atmosphere. If such an eruption were to happen today, it could trigger a volcanic winter and significantly affect global climates and food production.
Which system is matched with the correct physiological change that occurs in pregnancy?
Hormonal (Endocrine) = breakdown of the corpus luteum
Cardiovascular = Decrease in output
Metabolic = decreased food intake
Integumentary = stretch marks
Physiological change that occurs in pregnancy is given below.
Explanation:
The enlarging uterus, growing fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, normal increase in body fat, and increase in water retention all contribute weight gain during pregnancy.As the fetus grows and develops, several anatomical changes must occur to the female body to accommodate the growing fetus, including placental development, weight gain, abdominal extension, breast enlargement, glandular development, and posture changes. ... The abdomen drops and fetal movement can become quite strong.Your uterus begins to support the growth of the placenta and the fetus, your body adds to its blood supply to carry oxygen and nutrients to the developing baby, and your heart rate increases. These changes accompany many early pregnancy symptoms, such as: fatigue. morning sickness.Physiological changes occur with aging in all organ systems. The cardiac output decreases, blood pressure increases and arteriosclerosis develops. The lungs show impaired gas exchange, a decrease in vital capacity and slower expiratory flow rates.Select the true statements about the electron transport chain.
a) In the electron transport chain, a series of reactions moves electrons through carriers.
b) The products of the electron transport chain are H2O and either NAD or FAD.
c) The electron transport chain operates independently of other metabolic processes.
d) Coenzyme A is a component of the electron transport chain.
e) The electron transport chain is a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Answer: A. In the electron transport chain, a series of reactions move electrons through carriers.
B. The products of the electron transport chain are H2O and either NAD or FAD.
E. The electron transport chain is a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Explanation:
the best suitable statement is it transfers energy stepwise from one compound to another, The electron transport chain is a series of proteins and organic molecules found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Electrons are transferred from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of redox reactions.
Answer:
The correct statements are: a), b) and e)
Explanation:
The high energy electrons are released from NAD and FAD and move along the electron transport chains, these are in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. As the high energy electrons are transported along the chains, part of their energy is captured. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions (from NAD and FAD) through the inner membrane, out of the matrix into the intermembrane space. The electron transport chain serves the sole purpose of transporting protons from one side of these membranes to the other. The protons, thus, are concentrated on one side of the membrane. ATP synthase acts as a channel protein, helping hydrogen ions cross the membrane. It also acts as an enzyme, forming ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. After passing through the electron transport chain, the "spent" electrons combine with oxygen to form water. This is why oxygen is needed; in the absence of oxygen, this process cannot occur.
Explain why global climate models typically work by treating the planet as a set of connected boxes
Answer:
Global climate models usually work by managing the planet as a set of connected boxes because this facilitates the management of the calculations applied in a climate system that is dynamic, variable and complex, which is due to the fact that there is not an equal pattern of climate in each area of the planet.
Explanation:
Climate models have been designed to show the dynamics of the planet's climate and what can be expected from the changes that occur in the future.
The scientific basis of a climate model is physical phenomena and chemical reactions to which a series of differential calculations are applied to determine the behaviour of:
Winds.Temperature.Relative humidity.Rainfall.Pressure changes.Heat transfer.Hydrological dynamics.Global climate models usually divide the planet into sections -such as boxes- making the calculations in each sector, as well as the interaction of each section with the adjacent sections, which greatly facilitates making the differential calculations, showing the climate at a given time and making predictions of future climate behavior.
It is important to mention that a climate model also explains the changes that occur in the climate due to human activity, which is different in each region of the world.
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Species richness increases Select one: a. as we increase in altitude in equatorial mountains. b. as community size decreases. c. on islands as distance from the mainland increases. d. as we travel southward from the North Pole. e. as depth increases in aquatic communities.
Answer:
D) as we travel southward from the North Pole.
Explanation:
Species richness is the number of different species in a particular community. If we found 30 species in one community, and 300 species in another, the second community would have much higher species richness than the first.
Communities with the highest species richness tend to be found in areas near the equator, which have lots of solar energy (supporting high primary productivity), warm temperatures, large amounts of rainfall, and little seasonal change. Communities with the lowest species richness lie near the poles, which get less solar energy and are colder, drier, and less amenable to life. This pattern is illustrated below for mammalian species richness (species richness calculated only for mammal species, not for all species). Many other factors in addition to latitude can also affect a community's species-richness.
Species richness increases:
Select one:
a. as we increase in altitude in equatorial mountains.
b. as community size decreases.
c. on islands as distance from the mainland increases.
d. as we travel southward from the North Pole.
e. as depth increases in aquatic communities.
Answer:
The correct answer is D)
Species richness increases as we travel southward from the North Pole.
Explanation:
Studies have shown that plant diversity for instance decrease in richness (and total plant cover) with elevation is due to the environmental severity which
increases with elevation because of coldness, short growing seasons, excessive radiation, and other factors.
Cheers!
Which animal is a great hunter? Why?
Answer:
the lion
Explanation:
the lion is a great hunter becuse it likes to hunt more then to kill
Answer:
Orcas.
Explanation:
Orcas are on of the deadliest predators in the world. They have no predators and hunted animals such as seal, dolphin, shark, and many more marine creatures.
A chemistry student is adding a solid to a liquid in a jar. What would put the
student in danger during this experiment?
O
O
A Washing hands after
B. Drinking while working
C. Wearing goggles
O
O
D. Removing jewelry first
I need help !!!!
Answer:
Drinking while working
Explanation:
Some technological solutions to problems like global warming meet the specific needs and situations of local communities. An example from India involves converting the solid waste from cattle into clean-burning fuel for cooking. This reduces the amount of greenhouse gases, specifically methane and carbon dioxide, released into the environment from wood fires. When evaluating the feasibility of implementing this solution, computer models are used to weigh costs against benefits. What factor is least likely to impact the decision on adopting this technology?
Answer:
D) education of local residents to maintain equipment
Explanation:
education of local residents to maintain equipment The time and expense needed to train local residents in servicing the digesters used to convert into clean fuel would be offset by the cost of hiring outside technicians and the benefit of reducing local unemployment, so it isn't likely to have a significant impact on evaluating the proposal. The other factors are significant costs or benefits so it is critical to take them into account.
The incidence of Tay Sachs, an autosomal recessive disorder, is approximately 1 in 3,500 in a certain population. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the probability that Sarah, who is phenotypically normal with no family history, and Tom, who despite having an affected sister is phenotypically normal like his parents, will have a child with Tay Sachs
Answer:
If Tom is either normal in genotype or an heterozygote, and mates with Sarah: with no history, there is zero percent chance of producing a child with Tay Sachs.
Explanation:
The incidence of Tay Sachs, an autosomal recessive disorder. For the trait to be expressed, two copies has to be inherited from both parent meaning both parents has to be carriers of the trait.
Thus, Tom, who has a sis that is affected can either be a genotypically normal individual or an heterozygote like his parent.
If Tom is either normal in genotype or an heterozygote, and mates with Sarah: with no history, there is zero percent chance of producing a child with Tay Sachs.
Tom T T or T t
Sarah
T TT TT TT Tt
T TT TT TT Tt
A living thing that eats other living things?
Answer:
It is a consumer
Explanation:
It cannot make its own food like plants, so it eats, or consumes other animals. Hope this helps.
The very rare Bombay blood phenotype in humans results in blood type O because of the lack of both the A and B antigens in individuals who are of hh genotype. This genotype results in blood type O regardless of the genotype at the unlinked I locus. If a man with the genotype IAIO Hh has a child with a woman with the IAIB hh genotype, what is the probability that their first child will also have type blood B? Show your work for full credit.
Answer:
50% chances of AB blood group
25% chances of O,A and B is 25%
Explanation:
See attached picture.
To acquire iron as a critical nutrient, pathogenic bacteria _________. invade cells in order to access iron within degradative lysozymes secrete lactoferritin that binds iron at very low concentrations degrade rust into a usable form of iron use adhesins to bind free iron within the host secrete proteases that degrade host factors such as hemin or hemoglobin in order to access the released iron.
Answer:
The options include:
1. degrade rust into a usable form of iron
2. secrete proteases that degrade host factors such as hemin or hemoglobin in order to access the released iron
3.invade cells in order to access iron within degradative lysosomes
4.use adhesins to bind free iron within the host
5.secrete lactoferritin that binds iron at very low concentrations
The answer is
2. secrete proteases that degrade host factors such as hemin or hemoglobin in order to access the released iron.
Due to the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria in their host , they are able to secrete enzymes known as protease which acts on protein component of the blood called Hemoglobin. This subsequent enzymatic action results in the release of iron for their use.
The body uses two types of digestion, mechanical and chemical, to break down food into small components. Mechanical digestion physically breaks down pieces of food, whereas chemical digestion breaks down food on the molecular level. Why must food molecules be chemically broken down into smaller component molecules by the body?
Answer: So food must be broken down into smaller molecules before it can be absorbed through the blood and transported to cells throughout the body.
Explanation:
Digestion in humans is the process by which food and drink are broken down into smaller parts so that the body can use them as a source of energy to form and maintain tissues. It starts in the mouth, when we chew and eat, that is called mechanical digestion. And it ends in the small intestine, that's called chemical digestion. Although the chemical process varies depending on the kind of food.
So food must be broken down into smaller molecules before it can be absorbed through the blood and transported to cells throughout the body. Then the polymers (large molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins or lipids) are degraded into the simpler components called monomers (monosaccharides, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids). These monomers are the ones that the body can absorb for use, it cannot do so with large, complex molecules.
Answer:
They need to be broken down into monomers to build new polymers that the body can use, and into molecules small enough to cross the cell membrane.
Explanation:
It should be understood that the two major types of digestion are chemical and mechanical digestions.
It should be noted that during the mechanical digestion, the food is physically broken down into smaller pieces, while the chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks during the chemical digestion.
It should be known that both mechanical and chemical digestions start the same way , that is, from the mouth, and that most mechanical digestion and some chemical digestion occurs in the stomach.
Therefore, the major reasons why the foods are needed to be digested or broken down are the options given above.
A partial diploid E. coli cell was created with the following genotype: it pozi yt /pf oʻzty Under which conditions would both beta-galactosidase and permease be produced? A Both beta-galactosidase and permease will be made constitutively, since one DNA strand has a mutant operator and therefore cannot be repressed by the lac repressor. B. The only conditions where this will happen are low glucose and high lactose levels. C. There won't be any conditions in which both beta-galactosidase and permease are made, since the lacy gene on the strand of DNA with a functional promoter is mutant. D. Neither beta-galactosidase nor permease will ever be produced, because the super repressor will always bind the operator to prevent transcription of lacZ and lacy.
Answer:
the answer is c
c) There won't be any conditions in which both beta-galactosidase and permease are made, since the lacy gene on the strand of DNA with a functional promoter is mutant.
Explanation:
As per the given data the first strand does not have the promoter (p-). so RNA polymerase cannot bind to that strand to make any transcript. Then coming to the second strand , it does not have a Lac Y gene (Y-). Though the presence of super repressor has no effect on operator (o-), it can no longer bind to the operator, the genes would be expressed continuously but, lac y gene expression wont be there.
so the answer is option c There won't be any conditions in which both beta-galactosidase and permease are made, since the lacy gene on the strand of DNA with a functional promoter is mutant.
What description refers to stratus clouds
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Which description refers to stratus clouds?
are thin and wispy
are round and fluffy
cover all or most of the sky
form at high altitudes
Answer:
The correct answer is that it covers the majority or all the of the sky.
Explanation:
The low layered clouds, which entirely envelopes the sky in the form of a blanket are known as stratus clouds. These clouds are typically grey in appearance. These clouds are known as fog when they are witnessed on the ground or close to the ground. These clouds generally generate a small amount of snow or drizzle.
The formation of stratus clouds generally takes place above 2000 meters of the surface of the Earth.
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What type of inheritance is shown by the genes that control sickle cell anemia?
Answer: The genes have a codominant pattern of inheritance because the heterozygous forms both traits equally.
Explanation:
Final answer:
The genes that control sickle cell anemia are inherited through autosomal recessive inheritance. Those with two mutated genes have sickle cell anemia (HbSS), while carriers (AS) are resistant to malaria.
Explanation:
Inheritance of Sickle Cell Anemia
The type of inheritance exhibited by the genes that control sickle cell anemia is autosomal recessive inheritance. This condition affects the hemoglobin in the blood, leading to red blood cells that take on a crescent or "sickle" shape. Individuals with two copies of the mutated hemoglobin gene (HbS), one inherited from each parent, will develop sickle cell anemia, with a genotype of HbSS. Conversely, an individual without sickle cell alleles has a genotype of HbAA, with two normal adult hemoglobin variants.
Carriers of the disease, known as heterozygotes with genotype AS, do not typically suffer from the full spectrum of symptoms but have increased resistance to malaria, which explains the prevalence of the sickle cell trait in malaria-endemic regions.
1. Pathogens have ________ on their surface that bind to B cells with complementary _______.
2. B cells that bind to the pathogen divide, forming ________ of identical cells with the same antigen______________.
3. Some cells of the clone develop into short-lived ________ that secrete ________ specific for the antigen.
4. Some cells develop into long-lived ________, which produce larger __________ of memory and effector cells upon later exposure to the same antigen.
Final answer:
Pathogens carry antigens that B cells recognize through their BCRs, leading to the formation of plasma cells that produce antibodies and memory B cells that enhance future immune responses. The activation of B cells is a critical aspect of the immune system's ability to combat pathogens by creating a directed antibody response.
Explanation:
Understanding B Cells and Antibodies
1. Pathogens have antigens on their surface that bind to B cells with complementary antibody receptors (BCRs).
2. B cells that bind to the pathogen divide, forming clones of identical cells with the same antigen specificity.
3. Some cells of the clone develop into short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies specific for the antigen.
4. Some cells develop into long-lived memory B cells, which produce larger numbers of memory and effector cells upon later exposure to the same antigen.
Each B-lymphocyte, during its development, becomes genetically programmed to produce an antibody molecule with a unique 3-dimensional shape capable of binding to a specific epitope of an antigen and displays this as a B-cell receptor on its surface. When an antigen is encountered, these receptor-binding episodes can lead to clonal selection and activation of B-cells, followed by differentiation into plasma cells that secrete antibodies and memory B cells that retain the information for more rapid response upon re-exposure to the antigen.
Which of the following statements are true?
A:Your lungs can store several hours worth of oxygen.
B: your body can’t store oxygen at all
C: your body store’s oxygen in your bloodstream
D: your body needs carbon dioxide to function properly
Final answer:
Your body stores oxygen in the bloodstream, predominantly in the form of oxyhemoglobin. The lungs cannot store oxygen for several hours, and both oxygen and carbon dioxide are crucial for bodily functions, including respiration and pH balance.
Explanation:
In addressing the statements provided, it's important to understand the role of oxygen in the human body and how it is transported through the bloodstream. The correct statement is 'Your body stores oxygen in your bloodstream.' The lungs cannot store several hours worth of oxygen; instead, your body relies on continuous breathing to supply oxygen to the tissues. It is true that the body needs carbon dioxide to function properly as it plays an essential role in regulating the urge to breathe and maintaining the acid-base balance in the blood.
Oxygen enters the lungs and then passes through the alveoli into the blood, where the majority is bound to hemoglobin within red blood cells. This oxygen-hemoglobin compound, known as oxyhemoglobin, is then transported throughout the body to where it is needed. Conversely, carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration and is transported from the tissues back to the lungs via the blood, where it is then exhaled.
Your body stores a small amount of oxygen in the blood dissolved in plasma, but this is a very minimal amount and certainly not enough to last more than a few minutes without respiration. The body does not store oxygen in any significant capacity that would allow for hours of survival without breathing.
In summary, your body does store oxygen in the form of oxyhemoglobin in the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is indeed necessary for the proper functioning of your body, especially in the regulation of breathing and maintaining pH balance.