False
Although we use many of their ideas to describe atoms today, such as the existence of a tiny, dense nucleus in an atom (proposed by Rutherford), or the notion that all atoms of an element are identical (proposed by Dalton), some of their ideas have been rejected by the modern theory of the atom.
For example, Thompson came up with the plum pudding model to describe an atom, which resembled a sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded in it. We know now, however, that atoms are mostly empty space with a tiny, dense nucleus.
Another example is Dalton's atomic theory, which stated that atoms are indivisible particles. However, this was disproved by the discovery of subatomic particles.
Answer:
Its false
Explanation:
What change occurs in the atoms as we move down each chemical family?
As we move down each chemical family, we are adding electrons to the next larger electron shell.
Thus the atoms become larger as we move down a Group.
A vehicle travels at the same speed from point A to point B then from point B to point A
Which Statement is correct
A.The speed is the same as the velocity in both directions.
B.The speed is negative in both directions
C.The speed in one direction is positive but negative in the other direction
D.The speed is positive either direction.
Answer:
is D
Explanation:
Complete and balance the perception reactions. Include physical states. K3pO4(aq)+MgCl2(an)
Compounds K3PO4 and MgCl2 are soluble in water , as phosphates of alkali metal cations are soluble in water and chlorides Of Mg²⁺ are soluble in water . So , they dissociate into ions.
Ions K⁺ and Cl⁻ combine to form KCl , soluble compound.
Ions PO₄³⁻ and Mg²⁺ combine to form Mg3(PO4)2 , a precipitate as phosfates of Mg²⁺ are insoluble in water
Thus , the balanced equation , is:
2 K3PO4(aq) + 3 MgCl2(aq ) -----------> 6 KCl(aq) + Mg(PO4)2(s)
The reaction of K3PO4 and MgCl2 in an aqueous solution results in potassium chloride and magnesium phosphate through ion exchange. This reaction is balanced according to the principle of conservation of matter, yielding the balanced chemical equation: 2K3PO4(aq) + 3MgCl2(aq) -> 6KCl(aq) + Mg3(PO4)2(s).
Explanation:The perception reaction requested involves the substances K3PO4 (Potassium Phosphate) and MgCl2 (Magnesium Chloride). Both are present in an aqueous solution, denoted by (aq). We start the reaction with these compounds: K3PO4(aq) + MgCl2(aq).
To complete the reaction, we exchange the ions of the compounds. Potassium will bind with Chlorine and Magnesium will bind with Phosphate. This gives us: 2KCl(aq) + Mg3(PO4)2(s).
Finally, we balance the resulting equation to align with the law of conservation of matter. This ensures the amount of each atom type is the same both before and after the reaction. The balanced equation becomes: 2K3PO4(aq) + 3MgCl2(aq) -> 6KCl(aq) + Mg3(PO4)2(s).
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witch component of the atom has the least mass. A. protons
B. electrons
C. neutrons
D. all the same size
Electrons are the subatomic particles with the least mass within an atom. Atoms with varying numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. The increase in atom size down the periodic table is due to more energy levels.Option B is correct.
When comparing the mass of subatomic particles, it is clear that electrons have the least mass compared to protons and neutrons. The masses of protons and neutrons, or nucleons, are very similar to each other, but the mass of a neutron is slightly larger than that of a proton. Almost all of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus, which contains these nucleons. Therefore, electrons are the subatomic particles with the least mass.
Additionally, atoms that differ in the number of neutrons within their nuclei are known as isotopes. This variation in the number of neutrons does not affect the chemical properties of the element but does result in atoms of the same element having different masses.
As we move down the periodic table, atoms increase in size because they acquire more energy levels, not necessarily because they have more mass, protons, or neutrons.
What mass of oxygen reacts with 3.6 g of magnesium to form magnesium oxide?
Answer is: the mass of the oxygen is 2.37 grams.
Balanced chemical reaction: 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO.
m(Mg) = 3.6 g; mass of magnesium.
n(Mg) = m(Mg) ÷ M(Mg).
n(Mg) = 3.6 g ÷ 24.3 g/mol
n(Mg) = 0.149 mol.; amount of the magnesium.
n(O₂) = ?
From chemical reaction: n(Mg) : n(O₂) = 2 : 1.
n(O₂) = n(Mg) ÷ 2.
n(O₂) = 0.149mol ÷ 2.
n(O₂) = 0.075 mol; amount of the oxygen.
m(O₂) = m(O₂) · M(O₂).
m(O₂) = 0.075 mol · 32 g/mol.
m(O₂) = 2.37 g; mass of the oxygen.
2.4g of oxygen would react with 3.6g of magnesium to form magnesium oxide, as determined by the balanced equation for the reaction and the molecular masses of magnesium and oxygen.
Explanation:To determine the mass of oxygen that reacts with 3.6g of magnesium to form magnesium oxide, we must first understand the balanced equation for this reaction:
2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s).This equation tells us that two moles of magnesium react with one mole of oxygen to form two moles of magnesium oxide. The atomic mass of magnesium is approximately 24g/mol, and the molecular mass of oxygen is approximately 32g/mol.
Therefore, for 3.6g of magnesium, we have:
(3.6g Mg / 24g/mol Mg) * (1mol O2 / 2mol Mg) * (32g/mol O2) = 2.4g of Oxygen.So 2.4g of Oxygen would react with 3.6g of magnesium to form magnesium oxide.
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Is making salt water to gurgle for a sore throat a physical or chemical change
The answer is Physical Change.
What did Robert Boyle teach in the 1600s?
He taught about That matter was made up of atoms
~Hope that helped!
~Izzy
Robert Boyle taught inverse relationship between volume and pressure of gases also known as pressure law in 1600s.
In 1600s Robert Boyle taught his law of inverse relationship between volume and pressure of gases.
Robert Boyle states that at a fixed mass of a gas and constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
The law is written as follows;
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
where;
P is the pressure of the gasV is the volume of the gasThus, we can conclude that Robert Boyle taught inverse relationship between volume and pressure of gases also known as pressure law in 1600s.
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A certain liquid has a density of 0.70g/m. Find the mass of 6.4L o this liquid
The mass of the liquid is 4.8 kg.
6.4 L = 6400 mL
Mass = 6400 mL × (0.70 g/1 mL) = 4500 g = 4.8 kg
What is the term for substances containing atoms of two or more different elements
A. Mixtures
B. Atoms
C. Molecules
D. Compounds
Which of the following is an example of a galvanic cell? A. A battery that has a negative voltage B. A cell with a nonspontaneous redox reaction C. A battery that produces electricity D. A cell that has energy added to it
Answer:
A battery that produces electricity
Explanation:
Galvanic cell is a battery which converts chemical energy to electrical energy.
In galvanic cell two half cells work, one is cathodic and other is anodic.
At cathode reduction takes place and at anode oxidation takes place.
Due to this redox reaction some voltage is generated which is known as emf of the cell.
The EMF of the cell calculated from the difference of reduction potential of cathode and anode.
The cell will work if the emf of the cell is positive.
If emf of the cell is positive it means that cell is spontaneous,
Free energy change = ΔG°= -nFE°
thus a positive values of E° corresponds to negative value of ΔG°, and hence a spontaneous reaction.
Where E° is emf of the cell
What is a control in a scientific experiment
Hey there!
In a scientific experiment, there are three types of variables: dependent, independent, and control.
Independent variables are the variables that are changed and doesn't depend on another.
Dependent variables are the variables that are depending on the independent variable. When the independent variable changes, it affects the dependent variable.
Control variables are the variables that are kept the same throughout the entire experiment. These don't change at all.
Hope this helps!
What do elements in the first two columns of the periodic table have in common?
All of them are very reactive.
g(1)=0 g(n) =g(n-1)+n g(2)=
Given the recursive function g(n) = g(n-1) + n with initial condition g(1)=0, we find g(2) = 2 by plugging n=2 into our equation, resulting in g(2) = g(1) + 2 = 0 + 2 = 2.
Explanation:A recursive function is a function that calls itself in order to solve a problem. Recursion is a powerful programming technique that is particularly useful for solving problems that can be broken down into smaller, similar subproblems
The given recursive function is g(n) = g(n-1) + n,
with the initial condition that g(1)=0. We're asked to find the value of g(2).
We use the recursive definition to find g(2). Knowing that g(1) = 0, we plug n=2 into our equation: g(2) = g(2-1) + 2 which simplifies to g(2) = g(1) + 2 = 0 + 2 = 2. So, the value of g(2) is 2.
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(NH4)2S strong or weak electrolyte ?
Hey There!
Given that (NH4)2S is a Strong electrolyte.!!!
(NH4)2S ---> 2 NH⁴⁺ + S²⁻
The equation tells you that you get 2 amonium ions and 1 sulfide ion from each (NH4)2S
Hope that helps!
(NH4)2S is considered a weak electrolyte because it is composed of the ammonium ion, which is the conjugate acid of the weak base ammonia. It does not fully dissociate into ions in solution.
Ammonium sulfide, (NH4)2S, can be considered a weak electrolyte. This is because it is composed of the ammonium ion (NH4+), which is the conjugate acid of the weak base ammonia (NH3). In aqueous solutions, weak electrolytes do not fully dissociate into ions; they establish an equilibrium between the ionized and non-ionized forms. Therefore, like NH4NO3, which is also formed from a weak base, ((NH4)2S) would be expected to only partially dissociate, conducting electricity to a lesser degree than a strong electrolyte would.
what part of an atom is involved in a chemical reaction
Electrons are the part of an atom involved in a chemical reaction, as they determine how atoms interact and form stable compounds through the process of bonding.
Explanation:In a chemical reaction, the part of an atom that is involved is the electrons. The electrons are located in the electron shells surrounding the nucleus of the atom. It is the movement and redistribution of electrons that drives chemical reactions.
For example, in the process of bonding, atoms can gain, lose, or share electrons to form stable compounds. This is how elements combine to form molecules with different properties.
Overall, the behavior of electrons in the outermost electron shell, known as the valence shell, is crucial for determining how atoms interact and react with each other.
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The mass of an object Is 45 kilograms. It’s weight on earth is—— newtons, and it’s weight on the moon is ——newtons. Gravitational force is 9.8m/s2 on earth and 1.6m/s2 on the moon
Answer:
The weight of the object on earth =441N
Weight of the object on moon = 72N
Explanation:
Weight of a body is the product of its mass and acceleration due to gravity. Acceleration due to gravity varies between planetary bodies. The acceleration due to gravity on earth is 9.8 m/s² while on moon is 1.6m/s² and it goes different for others too.
Weight = Mass * acceleration due to gravity
Weight(e) = weight on earth
Weight (m) = weight on moon
Weight(e) = 45 * 9.8 = 441N
Weight (m) = 45 * 1.6 = 72N
Weight of a body is measured in a unit called Newton(N)
The weight of a 45-kilogram object on Earth is 441 newtons, on the Moon the object's weight is 72 newtons. Weight varies by location due to the differences in gravitational force.
Explanation:The weight of an object is calculated by multiplying the object's mass by the gravitational force. The standard formula to calculate weight is w=mg where 'w' represents weight, 'm' is mass, and 'g' is the acceleration due to gravity. On earth, the gravitational force is about 9.8 m/s², while on the moon this force dramatically decreases to about 1.6 m/s².
Using this formula, we can calculate the weight of an object with a mass of 45 kilograms on Earth and the Moon. On earth, the weight would be 45 kg x 9.8 m/s² which gives us a result of 441 newtons. While on the moon, the weight would be 45 kg x 1.6 m/s², resulting in 72 newtons.
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How many moles of water were lost if the amount of water lost was 0.294 grams?
0.01631973355 is your answer. Have a great day and hope this helps!!!
To determine the moles of water lost when 0.294 grams evaporated, divide the mass by the molar mass of water, which is 18.015 g/mol, yielding approximately 0.0163 moles.
To find out how many moles of water were lost when 0.294 grams of water evaporated, you can use the molar mass of water. The molar mass of water (H₂O) is 18.015 g/mol. Therefore, you can calculate the number of moles by dividing the mass of the evaporated water by the molar mass of water.
Mass of evaporated water = 0.294 grams
Molar mass of water (H₂O) = 18.015 g/mol
Number of moles = Mass of water / Molar mass of water
Number of moles = 0.294 g / 18.015 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.0163 moles (approximately)
Therefore, 0.294 grams of water corresponds to approximately 0.0163 moles.
A chef fills a 50ml container with 43.5g of cooking oil what’s the density of the oil
Hey there!
Mass = 43.5 g
Volume = 50 mL
Therefore:
D = m / V
D = 43.5 / 50
D = 0.87 g/mL
Hope that helps!
what must always be the same on both sides of a chemical equation?
The number of Atoms must be the same on both sides
A chemical equation must always be balanced, meaning it has the same number and type of atoms on both sides, conserving mass according to the law of conservation of matter.
In chemical reactions, for the equation to be accurate and reflect the law of conservation of mass, the number and type of atoms must be the same on both sides of the reaction. This means that the equation should be balanced, with an equal amount of each element's atoms on the reactant side as on the product side. This practice ensures that mass is conserved, as per the law of conservation of matter. An equation for a chemical reaction is said to be balanced if all of the reactants' and products' total charges and the number of atoms in each element are equal. As stated otherwise, there is balance between the mass and the charge on both sides of the reaction.
An example of balancing a chemical equation can be demonstrated with the reaction of ethylene and oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide. One has to revise the coefficients of the substances to balance the atoms of each element, as changing the chemical formulas of individual substances is not allowed.
Thus, for a chemical equation to conform to the law of conservation of matter, the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products, and the number of each type of atom in the reactants must match the number in the products.
The table shows the mass and boiling point of some substances.
Boiling Point of Substances
Mass
(kg) Boiling Point of Water
(°C) Boiling Point of Soybean Oil
(°C)
1 100 N
2 M 300
Part 1: What is the difference between N and M?
Part 2: Explain your answer for Part 1.
N is the unit of force. It stands for Newton.
M is the unit of length.
It stands for Meter.
It is the basic difference between the two units N and M.
Answer: N - Newton; M - Meter
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why; live
Look at a list of the elements or a periodic table. Identify some pairs of elements that you have heard of that have similar properties. (Will give 5 stars, brainliest, and a thank you.)
Two elements have similiar characteristics when they belong to the same family that means that have placed in the same column of the periodic table. So in other words, Helium and Radon are very similar because they are in the same column. Let me know if you need others :)
Some pairs of elements that have similar properties is helium and radon.
The periodic table refers to a tabular display of the chemical elements. It depicts the organized array of all the chemical elements based on their increasing atomic number.
Some pairs of elements that have similar properties is helium and radon. It should be noted that they are both colorless and highly radioactive. They also have a short half life.
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Speed and velocity please help(science)
how many electrons are in an electrically neutral atom of boron?
Answer:
5 electrons
Explanation:
what is the orbital diagram for Scandium
Answer:
Please see the attached picture.
Explanation:
For subshell s, there is only 1 orbital hence 1 square is drawn. For subshell d, there are 5 orbitals hence 5 squares are drawn.
Period is the row number in the periodic table.
Note that there are some deviations from the aufbau principle (Electrons fill orbits of lowest sub energy level to capacity before filling orbitals of higher sub energy levels). For the first row of transition elements, chromium and copper deviate from Aufbau principle. Hence their electronic configuration does not follow the format.
The orbital diagram for Scandium is [Ar] [tex]3d^1 4s^2[/tex]
How do we explain?Scandium has an atomic number of 21, so it has 21 electrons. The electron configuration for Scandium is:
[tex]1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^1 4s^2[/tex]
The orbital diagram shows how the electrons are arranged in the orbitals of the atom. The 1s orbital is the lowest energy orbital, and the 4s orbital is the highest energy orbital. The 3d orbital is filled with one electron, and the 4s orbital is filled with two electrons.
The orbital diagram for Scandium shows that it is a transition metal. Transition metals have partially filled d orbitals. This gives them the ability to form a variety of chemical bonds, which is why they are so versatile in their applications.
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Which of the following best describes a person doing science? A. Dominick uses a computer to do his math homework. B. Lindsay measures the sizes of the craters on the Moon. C. Isabel invents a new kind of doorknob. D. Murray randomly predicts the result of a coin toss.
The correct answer is B. Lindsay measures the sizes of the craters on the Moon, is the best description of a person doing science.
Science is the practical and intellectual pursuit of the understanding of the physical and natural world that surrounds us. It involves a systematic study: observation, experimentation, data analysis, discussion and conclusion. Science is the human effort to gather knowledge about the universe.
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
What substance is acting as the Brønsted-Lowry acid in the following forward reaction? H2SO4 + H2O yields H3O+ + HSO4−
In the reaction H2SO4 + H2O → H3O+ + HSO4− the Bronsted-Lowry acid is H2SO4, which donates a proton to H2O to form H3O+ and its conjugate base HSO4−.
Explanation:In the forward reaction H2SO4 + H2O → H3O+ + HSO4-, the substance acting as the Bronsted-Lowry acid is H2SO4. According to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, an acid is a substance that can donate a proton (a hydrogen ion) to another substance.in this case, H2SO4 donates a proton to H2O, forming H3O+ (the hydronium ion) and its conjugate base HSO4-. Thus, the Bronsted-Lowry acid in this reaction is H2SO4.
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Explain how the cathode Ray was discovered?
Final answer:
The cathode ray was discovered through experiments by Sir William Crookes and J.J. Thomson. Crookes displayed the first cathode rays and found that they consist of charged particles. Thomson used a cathode ray tube to demonstrate that the rays were actually streams of electrons.
Explanation:
The cathode ray was discovered through various experiments conducted by scientists. In 1878, Sir William Crookes displayed the first cathode rays using a modified Geissler apparatus. He found that the rays could be deflected by magnetic or electric fields, indicating that they consist of charged particles. Later, in 1897, J.J. Thomson used a cathode ray tube to demonstrate that the cathode rays were actually streams of negatively charged particles called electrons.
find the volume of 10g of gasoline if it has a density of 0.7g/mL
Hey there!
Mass = 10 g
Density = 0.7 g/mL
Volume = ?
Therefore:
D = m/ V
0.7 = 10 / V
V = 10 / 0.7
V = 14.28 mL
Hope that helps!
The volume of 10g of gasoline with a density of 0.7g/mL can be calculated using the formula Volume = mass / density. Substituting given values into the formula, the volume is approximately 14.29 mL.
Explanation:The volume of a substance can be calculated using the formula: Volume = mass / density.
Given that the mass of the gasoline is 10g and its density is 0.7g/mL, you can substitute these values into the formula:
Volume = 10g / 0.7g/mL = 14.29 mL.
So, the volume of 10g of gasoline, given its density of 0.7g/mL, is approximately 14.29 mL.
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the atoms of which element will typically form ions
Ions are electrically charged particles, meaning, that whenever any type of atom loses or gains electrons it is forming a new type of structure, or ion.
Metal atoms form postive ions, Non-Metals form negative ions.
The strongest type of bond that can occur between two ions, when they are oppositely charged, are Ionic Bonds. The most commonly known ionic bond is seen in Sodium and Chlorine, which when combined give us NaCl or Sodium Chlorine, aka Salt.
+1 charge = Group 1, Metals
+2 charge = Group 2, Alkali Metals
-1 charge = Group 17, Halogens
Provided is a periodic table marked with the charges for each group.
What is the cause of the coral bleaching shown below? A. increased storm severity B. abnormally high water temperature C. ocean acidification D. excess nutrients
The extensive bleaching pattern in the image suggests heat stress as the primary cause, with abnormally high water temperature being the most likely culprit in the current global context.
The most likely cause of the coral bleaching in the image is C. Abnormally high water temperature.
Here's why:
The extent of the bleaching: The image shows widespread bleaching, affecting large patches of coral. This pattern is more indicative of heat stress than other causes like storms or localized pollution.
Time of year: The image doesn't provide context on the specific time of year, but if it's during the summer or another warm season, it further strengthens the case for temperature-induced bleaching.
Global context: Coral bleaching events have become increasingly common worldwide in recent years, primarily due to rising ocean temperatures caused by climate change.
While the other options are not entirely ruled out, they're less likely explanations in this case:
A. Increased storm severity: Storms can damage coral reefs, but they typically cause physical breakage rather than widespread bleaching. The image doesn't show any signs of physical damage to the coral.
B. Ocean acidification: Ocean acidification weakens coral skeletons and hinders growth, but it's not the main driver of mass bleaching events. It can, however, worsen the effects of bleaching caused by other factors.
D. Excess nutrients: Nutrient pollution can trigger algal blooms, which can harm coral reefs. However, the specific type of bleaching seen in the image, with large patches of pale coral, is more characteristic of heat stress.
In conclusion, based on the image and available information, abnormally high water temperature is the most likely culprit behind the coral bleaching. Climate change-induced warming is a major threat to coral reefs globally, and the widespread bleaching seen in the image is a stark reminder of the urgency of addressing this issue.
The correct answer is B. abnormally high water temperature.
Coral bleaching is primarily caused by an increase in sea temperatures. Corals have a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae, which are algae that live within their tissues.
These algae provide the corals with food through photosynthesis and give them their vibrant colors.
When water temperatures rise above the normal range for an extended period, this symbiotic relationship breaks down. The stress causes the corals to expel the zooxanthellae, which leads to a loss of color, or bleaching, and can result in coral death if the stress persists and the algae do not return.
While increased storm severity (Option A) can also stress coral reefs through physical damage, it is not the primary cause of coral bleaching.
Ocean acidification (Option C) occurs due to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which leads to more CO2 being dissolved in the oceans, lowering the pH and making it harder for corals and other organisms to build their calcium carbonate skeletons.
However, this does not directly cause bleaching. Excess nutrients (Option D) can lead to algal blooms that smother corals and lead to decreased water quality, but they are not the primary driver of coral bleaching events, which are more directly linked to thermal stress.