Match the term with the definition. gas solid plasma Liquid takes the shape and volume of an entire container. charged particles that do not have a definite shape or volume. assumes the shape of the part of the container from the bottom up. has a fixed volume and shape

As learned in an earlier unit, free fall is a special type of motion in which the only force acting upon an object is gravity. Objects that are said to be undergoing free fall, are not encountering a significant force of air resistance; they are falling under the sole influence of gravity.

The new weight of the graduated cylinder after adding 57.0 mL of water is 140.2 g.

To determine the new weight of a graduated cylinder after adding water, we need to consider the mass of the water added. The step by step solution is as follows:

Total Mass = 83.2 g (graduated cylinder) + 57.0 g (water) = 140.2 g

Thus, the graduated cylinder now weighs 140.2 g.

Answer: The penetrating rays and particles given off by radioactive materials is called radiation.

Explanation:

The penetrating rays and particles given off by radioactive materials is called radiation.

An element which readily degenerates its nucleus and emits alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays is called a radioactive element.

For example, uranium, actinium, thorium etc are all radiactive elements.

Solution:

molarity= [tex]\frac{\text{moles}}{\text{volume in litres}}[/tex]

(a) Molarity of NaOH, [tex]M_1[/tex]= 0.03020 M

Volume of NaOH added,[tex]V_1[/tex]= 32.60 mL= 0.0326 L

(1L= 1000mL)

Number of moles of NaOH added :

0.03020 M NaOH means 1L of solution contains 0.03020 moles 0.0326 L contains =[tex]0.03020\times 0.0326[/tex] = 0.00098 moles

(b) Equal number of moles of acid  will neutralize equal number of moles of base, thus we can apply molarity equation:

Molarity of citric acid, [tex]M_2[/tex]=?

volume of citric acid, [tex]V_2[/tex]= 20 mL= 0.02 L

using formula, [tex](M_1)(V_1)=(M_2)(V_2)[/tex] ,

[tex]M_2= \frac{(M_1)(V_1)}{(V_2)}[/tex]

[tex]M_2= \frac{(0.03020 M)(0.0326 L)}{(0.02 L)}[/tex] = 0.049 M

(c) Grams of citric acid in 20 ml

moles of citric acid = [tex]{M_2}\times V_1[/tex] of solution in Liters = [tex]0.049 \times 0.02[/tex] = 0.00098 moles

Mass of citric acid =[tex]\text{moles}\times \text{Molecular} mass[/tex]

[tex]= 0.00098\times 192.12[/tex] = 0.1882 g

(d) 20 mL solution of ginger ale contains of citric acid

[tex]0.1882 g= 0.1882 \times 1000 mg[/tex] = 188.2 mg (1g = 1000mg)

Since, 20 mL solution of ginger ale contains of citric acid 188.2 mg

so 1 mL of solution contains = [tex]\frac{188.2 mg}{20 mL}[/tex]

                                              = 9.41 mg/ mL

(a)

Molarity = moles of solute / liter of solution

Moles of solute = molarity x liter of solution  

Molarity of NaOH = 0.03020 M

Liter of solution = 32.60 mL / 1000 = 0.0326 L

Moles of NaOH = 0.03020 M x 0.0326 L = 9.85 x 10⁻⁴ moles

(b)

The reaction between NaOH and citric acid is as follows:

C₃H₅O(COOH)₃ + 3NaOH → Na₃C₃H₅O(COO)₃ + 3H₂O

As the balanced chemical equation 3 moles of NaOH reacts with 1 mole of citric acid (Na₃C₃H₅O(COO)₃)

Since the moles of NaOH is 9.85 x 10⁻⁴ the moles of citric acid will be (9.85 x 10⁻⁴) / 3 or  3.284 x 10⁻⁴ moles.

Therefore, the moles of citric acid is  3.284 x 10⁻⁴

(c)

Moles = Mass/ Molar mass

Mass = Moles x Molar mass

Moles of citric acid = 3.284 x 10⁻⁴

Molar mass of citric acid = 192.124 g/mol

Mass of citric acid = 3.284 x 10⁻⁴ x 192.124 g/mol =

Therefore, the mass of citric acid is 0.0631 g

(d)

Mass of citric acid = 0.0631 g

1 g = 1000 mg

Therefore, mass of citric acid = 0.0631 x 1000 = 63.1 mg

(e)

Given,

Volume of citric acid = 20.0 mL

20 ml of citric acid has a mass of 63.1 mg

Therefore, miligram per militier = 63.1 mg/20 ml = 3.155 mg/ml

The region of the atom where protons and neutrons are located (B) is called the nucleus.

The region of the atom where electrons are located (A) is called orbits.

An atom is made up of electrons in orbits and protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

In the atom, there is an innermost part where we find the subatomic particles called neutrons and protons. This region of the atom is called the nucleus. Most of the mass of the atom is concentrated here.

The electrons are found to move round this nucleus in circular paths called orbits.

In the figure, label A refers to orbits while label B refers to the nucleus.

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Answer:

1st is Nucleus and 2nd is Orbitals

Explanation:

The release or absorption of energy indicates a chemical change. (Option C).

A chemical change, also known as a chemical reaction, is a process in which one or more reactants are transformed into new substances (products) with different chemical properties.

During a chemical change, the arrangement of atoms is altered, resulting in the formation of new chemical bonds and the breaking of existing ones.

This process often involves the release or absorption of energy in the form of heat, light, or other forms of energy.

Thus, the release or absorption of energy indicates a chemical change.

Option C is the correct answer.

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Rutherford's gold-foil experiment showed that D. the atom is mostly empty space.

When he shot α particles at a thin gold foil, most of them went straight through the foil without being deflected.

However, a few of the α particles were deflected by rather large angles. He concluded that the atom is mostly empty space with almost all its mass concentrated in a small central nucleus.

Elements and compounds are examples of pure substances. Elements are made of one type of atom, while compounds consist of two or more types of atoms chemically bonded together.

Elements and compounds are both examples of pure substances.

In summary, matter can be classified into two broad categories: pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances include elements and compounds while mixtures are physical combinations of pure substances.

The slope is 10

And the y-intercept is 1

Hope it helps

Final answer:

The statement that all moving objects have momentum is true because momentum is a product of an object's mass and velocity, both of which are non-zero for moving objects.

Explanation:

The statement that all moving objects have momentum is true. Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity and is given by the equation p = mv, where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity. Since any object that is moving has a velocity greater than zero and a non-zero mass, it will indeed have momentum. Additionally, momentum is a vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and direction, and it is measured in kilograms meters per second (kg·m/s).

To further elucidate, let's consider the Law of Conservation of Momentum, which states that in a closed system, the total momentum remains constant unless acted upon by an external force. Therefore, if two objects collide and come to rest, as mentioned in the problem, the momentum is not lost but transferred, ensuring the total momentum before and after the collision is the same.

It would roughly be 16,404 feet. Or if you wanted to be more specific 16,404.2. I hope this helps.

Easiest way is dimensional analysis.

[tex]5km * \frac{3280.84ft}{1km} = 16404.2[/tex]

combination of elements on the periodic table to create a substance. so I think I understand about this okay but I have a 98% on that type of subject

Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in an atom, and it tells us about the mass of the atom in amu, or atomic mass units. Atomic mass is the average mass of all the isotopes of a certain type. It is a weighted average that takes into account the abundances of all of the different isotopes

hope this helps :)

The difference between the atomic number and the mass number is atomic number is the total number of protons of an element, and atomic mass is the total number of neutrons and protons.

The atomic number is the nuclear charge number of an element. It is depicted by the total number of protons present in the atoms of the element.

The mass number is also known as the atomic mass number and nucleon number of the element. The total protons and neutrons are the mass numbers.

A mass number, also known as an atomic mass unit, is a measurement of an atom's mass in protons and neutrons. The average mass of all isotopes of a particular kind is known as the atomic mass.

Thus, the total number of protons in an element is represented by the atomic number, whereas the total amount of neutrons and protons is represented by the atomic mass.

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First, calculate the molar mass of MgCl2:

Mg: 1 x 24.30 = 24.30

Cl: 2 x 35.45 = 70.9

   24.30 + 70.9 = 95.2g/mol

Mole = Mass / Molar Mass

2.70 moles = Mass / 95.2 g/mol

Mass = 2.70 mol x 95.2 g/mol

Mass = 257.04g

Answer: The mass of magnesium chloride is 257.1 grams.

Explanation:

To calculate the mass of magnesium chloride for given number of moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

We are given:

Moles of magnesium chloride = 2.70 moles

Molar mass of magnesium chloride = 95.21 g/mol

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]2.70moles=\frac{\text{Mass of magnesium chloride}}{95.21g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of magnesium chloride}=(2.70mol\times 95.21g/mol)=257.1g[/tex]

Hence, the mass of magnesium chloride is 257.1 grams.

Where else but from the surroundings?

Answer : For an endothermic reaction the energy come from the surroundings.

Explanation :

Endothermic reaction : It is a type of chemical reaction in which the energy is absorbed by the surroundings. In this reaction, the energy of reactants are less than the energy of products.  The energy of reactant is greater than the energy of product.

Exothermic reaction : It is a type of chemical reaction in which the energy is released into the surroundings. In this reaction, the energy of reactants are more than the energy of products. The energy of product is greater than the energy of reactant.

Hence, the energy come from the surroundings that is needed for an endothermic reaction.

For the first question the answer is

The "s" orbital can only hold a maximum of two electrons. ... Elements in the each group have the same number of valence electrons. Why is hydrogen set apart by itself? Hydrogen does not belong to a single group b/c it can be considered an alkali metal, but it is also a gas.

1. Hydrogen is set apart by itself due to its unique properties that do not fit neatly into any specific group in the periodic table. 2. The alkali metals have similar valence electron configurations, each having one valence electron in their outermost energy level. 3. The alkaline-earth metals are less reactive than the alkali metals because they have two valence electrons in their outermost energy level, requiring more energy to lose them. 4. The transition metals belong to groups 3 to 12 in the periodic table, characterized by partially filled d orbitals in their electron configurations. 5. The halogens, belonging to group 17, share common properties like having 7 valence electrons, high reactivity, and forming acidic compounds when combined with hydrogen.

1. Hydrogen is set apart by itself because it does not fit neatly into any specific group in the periodic table. It has unique properties that are distinct from both the alkali metals and the halogens. While it can form positive ions like the alkali metals, it can also gain an electron to form negative ions like the halogens. Additionally, hydrogen can form covalent bonds with other elements, unlike the alkali metals and halogens. Due to these differences, hydrogen is considered a non-metal and is placed separately at the top of the periodic table.

2. The valence electron configurations of the alkali metals are similar as they all have one valence electron in their outermost energy level. For example, lithium has a valence electron configuration of 2s¹, sodium has 3s¹, potassium has 4s¹, and so on. This single valence electron makes the alkali metals highly reactive, as they readily lose it to form positive ions, achieving a stable electron configuration.

3. The alkaline-earth metals are less reactive than the alkali metals because they have two valence electrons in their outermost energy level. These electrons are held more tightly by the nucleus compared to the single valence electron of alkali metals. As a result, alkaline-earth metals require more energy to lose their valence electrons and become positive ions. While they are still reactive, they are not as reactive as the alkali metals.

4. The transition metals belong to groups 3 to 12 in the periodic table. These elements have partially filled d orbitals in their electron configurations, which gives them unique properties, such as forming colored compounds, being good conductors of electricity, and having high melting and boiling points. They are often used as catalysts in chemical reactions due to their ability to undergo multiple oxidation states.

5. The halogens have several properties in common. They belong to group 17 of the periodic table and have 7 valence electrons in their outermost energy level. Halogens are highly reactive non-metals, and they readily gain one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. They have high electronegativity, making them strong oxidizing agents. Halogens exist as diatomic molecules in their elemental form (e.g., Cl₂, Br₂, I₂) and have a characteristic color and odor. Additionally, they form acidic compounds when combined with hydrogen, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF).

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Carbon:

Protons: 6

Neutrons: 7

Electrons: 6 (in a neutral atom)

Hope that helps:)

Answer:

B. the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 gram by 1°C

Explanation:

The heat required by a substance having mass m to raise the temperature of it by ΔT.

Q = m c ΔT

where c is the specific heat of the substance.

[tex] c = \frac{Q}{m\Delta T}[/tex]

Specific heat for a substance is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 gram by 1°C.

For example, the specific heat capacity of water is 4.186 J/g°C. This means 4.186 J is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C.

Step 1) Determine the amount of energy the water absorbed, or gained, using q= mc∆T

q=(56g)(4.184 J/g°c)(58.7-25)

q=+7896.0448 J

Step 2) Let's think about what this means. The water must have gained 7896.0448 J of energy because its energy is positive.

This makes sense too, since the temperature of the water increased, and thus it must have gained energy. Knowing this, we can conclude that the metal placed into the water must have released 7896.0448 J of energy.

Since we know the metal released 7896.0448 J of energy, when we solve for the specific heat capacity of the metal, we have to put this number in as negative.

Step 3) Using q= mc∆T, solve for the specific heat capacity of the metal

-7896.0448 J=(26g)(c)(58.7-117)

c=5.209160047 J/g°c

ANSWER: the specific heat capacity of the metal is 5.2 J/g°c

Answer:

The answer is Dissemination of components controlled by electron design.  

Explanation:

the Aufbau rule, the Pauli rejection guideline, and Hund's rule,tell you how to discover the electron designs of particles. As indicated by the aufbau standard, electrons possess the orbitals of most reduced vitality first, Pauli-prohibition rule, and Hund's Rule. The electronic setup of cations is doled out by evacuating electrons first in the peripheral p orbital, trailed by the s orbital lastly the d orbitals.

d. Freezing water!

hope this helps! :3

Final answer:

Correct answer - D, Freezing water. The process with a decrease in entropy is freezing water, as the water molecules become more structured. The freezing process is exothermic, while boiling water is endothermic. The concept of entropy fits within the larger framework of the second law of thermodynamics involving energy transfers.

Explanation:

The process in which there would be a decrease in entropy is D freezing water. Entropy is often associated with randomness or disorder within a system. When water freezes, its molecules become more ordered and structured, which is a transition from a state of higher entropy (liquid water) to a state of lower entropy (ice).

To label the processes as endothermic or exothermic:

a. Water boiling - Endothermic

b. Gasoline burning - Exothermic

c. Ice forming on a pond - Exothermic

The decrease in entropy when water freezes does not violate the second law of thermodynamics because the entropy of the surroundings increases, typically via the release of heat. In thermodynamics, when energy is transferred as heat from one system, the system losing heat decreases in entropy, but the surroundings increase in entropy.

Hey there!:

[ H⁺ ] = [tex]10^{-pH}[/tex]

[H⁺ ] = [tex]10^{-1.9}[/tex]

[ H⁺ ] = [tex]1.26*10^{-2} M[/tex]

Hope that helps!

The concentration of hydroxide ion of unknown acid is [tex]\boxed{7.9344 \times {{10}^{ - 13}}\;{\text{M}}}[/tex]

Further Explanation:

An acid is a substance that has the ability to donate [tex]{{\text{H}}^ + }[/tex] ions or can accept electrons from the electron-rich species. The general dissociation reaction of acid is as follows:

[tex]\text{HA}}\to{{\text{H}}^+}+{{\text{A}}^-}[/tex]

Here, HA is an acid.

The acidic strength of an acid can be determined by pH value. The negative logarithm of hydronium ion concentration is defined as pH of the solution. Lower the pH value of an acid, the stronger will be the acid. At [tex]25\;^\circ {\text{C}}[/tex], pH value of an acid is less than 7.

The formula to calculate pH of acid is as follows:

[tex]{\text{pH}} = -\log\left[ {{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{O}}^+}}\right][/tex]                                              

Here,

[tex]\left[ {{{\text{H}}_3}{{\text{O}}^ + }} \right][/tex] is the concentration of hydronium ion.

The relation between the concentration of hydronium ion and hydroxide ion is as follows:

[tex]\left[ {{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{O}}^+}}\right]\left[{{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }}\right] = {10^{ - 14}}[/tex]                                              

Here,

[tex]\left[ {{{\text{H}}_3}{{\text{O}}^ + }} \right][/tex] is the concentration of hydronium ion.

[tex]\left[ {{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }} \right][/tex] is the concentration of hydroxide ion.

Given information:

The pH value of unknown acid is 1.9.

To calculate:  

The hydroxide ion concentration of unknown acid.

Solution:

Step 1: Initially, we have to calculate the concentration of hydronium ion by using equation (1).

The formula to calculate pH of the unknown acid is as follows:[tex]{\text{pH}} =  - \log \left[ {{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{O}}^ + }} \right][/tex]                

                                                    ...... (1)

Rearrange the equation (1) to calculate the concentration of hydronium ion.

[tex]\left[ {{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{O}}^ + }} \right] = {10^{ - {\text{pH}}}}[/tex]          

                                           ...... (2)                                                  

Substitute 1.9 for pH in the equation (2).

[tex]\begin{gathered}  \left[ {{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{O}}^ + }} \right] = {10^{ - 1.9}} \\    = 1.2589 \times {10^{ - 2}}\;{\text{M}} \\ \end{gathered}[/tex]

Step 2: The concentration of hydronium ion calculated in step (1) can be used to calculate the concentration of  [tex]{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }[/tex] ions by using the relation (3).

The relation between the concentration of hydronium ion and hydroxide ion is as follows:

[tex]\left[ {{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{O}}^ + }} \right]\left[ {{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }} \right] = {10^{ - 14}}[/tex]                       ...... (3)

Rearrange the equation (3) to calculate the concentration of hydroxide ion.

[tex]\left[ {{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }} \right] = \frac{{{{10}^{ - 14}}}}{{\left[ {{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{O}}^ + }} \right]}}[/tex]                    ...... (4)

Substitute [tex]1.2589 \times {10^{ - 2}}[/tex] for  \left[ {{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{O}}^ + }} \right] in the equation (4).

[tex]\begin{gathered}  \left[ {{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }} \right] = \frac{{{{10}^{ - 14}}}}{{1.2589 \times {{10}^{ - 2}}}} \\    = 7.9434 \times {10^{ - 13}}\;{\text{M}} \\ \end{gathered}[/tex]

Learn more:

1. The reason for the acidity of water https://brainly.com/question/1550328

2. Reason for the acidic and basic nature of amino acid. https://brainly.com/question/5050077

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Acids, bases, and salts

Keywords: pH, acid, pOH, base, hydronium ion, hydrogen ion, hydroxide ion, acidic nature, and basic nature.

Hey There!

p-aminophenol (109.13 g/mol) + Ac2O (102.09 g/mol) ---> acetominophen (151.16 g/mol)

next, since you already know your limiting reactant (p-aminophenol), convert it to mols  :

0.130 g / (109.13 g/mol) = 0.00119 moles

now that's your theoretical max, since its a 1:1 mol ratio, so multiply by the new molecular weight. :

0.00119  * 151.16  = 0.180 g

Hope that helps!

The theoretical yield of acetaminophen is equal to 1.19 × 10⁻³ mol.

The amount of a product obtained from a chemical reaction is expressed as the yield of the reaction. The amount of product predicted by stoichiometry is known as the theoretical yield, whereas the actual quantity obtained is called the actual yield.

Given the mass of the p-aminophenol = 0.130 g

The reaction between the p-aminophenol and acetic anhydride gives acetaminophen and acetic acid. As given the acetic anhydride is in excess, therefore, p-aminophenol will decide the amount of acetaminophen.

The molar mass of p-aminophenol = 109.13 g/mol

The number of moles of p-aminophenol = 0.130/109.13  = 1.19 × 10⁻³ mol

Therefore, 1.19 × 10⁻³ mol of acetaminophen will be formed.

The molar mass of the acetaminophen = 151.16 g/mol

The mass of the acetaminophen =  1.19 × 10⁻³ × 151.16 = 0.18 g

Therefore, the theoretical yield of acetaminophen is 1.19 × 10⁻³ moles.

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A consumer is an animal that eats other animals. For example, a snake is a consumer.

Do you want to know the times

Answer:

These first and the last are examples of reversible reactions:

Explanation:

The reactions that end in a quasi complete conversion of the reactants into the products are said that are not reversible reactions.

Most of the chemical reactions do not reach a complete conversion. They seem to stop without getting complete conversion. The reason is that these reactions are reversible. A reversible reaction is that that can be forward (direct reaction) and backward (inverse or reverese reaction). In these cases, when the equilibrium is reached the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, which explain why the reaction seems to stop, and a mixture of products and reactants will remain.

The two examples of reversible reactions given may be represented in this way:

The double arrow is used to indicate that the reaction is reversible. In the forward reaction, iodine and chlorine react to form iodine chloride, in the reverse reaction iodine chlorice decomposes to form the substances iodine and chlorine.

In the foward reaction, hydrogen a nitrogen combine to form amonia, in the reverse reaction ammonia decomposes producing the substances hydrogen and nitrogen.

Options 1 & 3 are correct! Thank you

Yes, this is a balanced chemical equation, and it obeys the Law of Conservation of Mass.

A balanced chemical equation obeys the Law of Conservation of Mass if there are the same numbers of each type of atom on each side of the reaction arrow.

2H₂ + O₂ ⟶ 2H₂O

Let’s check the numbers.

Atom On the left On the right

  H             4                 4

  O             2                 2

We have the same numbers of H and O atoms on each side of the reaction arrow.

The equation is balanced and it obeys the Law of Conservation of Mass.