Multiple Choice:

The continents are light in color because they contain:

A. silicon and aluminum

b.iron and nickel

c.iron and quartz

d.silicon and magnesium

Answer and Explanation:

Terrestrial planets have different properties that are follows

There are four terrestrial planets in the solar system

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Hi !!

Global warning would cause   ►

inundation of coastal plains

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Answer:

The largest amount of carbon is involved in natural fire biological processes in the oceans.

Explanation:

The exchange of carbon between the biosphere , hydrosphere , geosphere and atmosphere on the Earth , is called the Carbon Cycle.

The ocean contains a large active pool of carbon on the surface of the Earth , but in the deep ocean does not exchange with the atmosphere.

The amount of carbon from the biological process in the oceans is 50 % greater than any other.

The answer is c. on the earth’s surface directly above the initial release of seismic energy.

The definition of an epicentre: the point on the earth's surface directly above the origin of an earthquake (Cambridge Dictionary)

In Geology, we said that it is directly above the focus, which is the initial release of seismic energy mentioned in the above sentence.

As the other options do not have the correct location (e.g. within the Earth's surface, beneath the focus).

Therefore, the answer is c. on the earth’s surface directly above the initial release of seismic energy.

Hope it helps!

C). on the earth’s surface directly above the initial release of seismic energy

The reason why "C). on the earth’s surface directly above the initial release of seismic energy" would be the correct answer is because this best describes what the epicenter of an earthquake is.

The epicenter is a place on the surface of the earth where it is directly on top of the location where the seismic energy was released. That is the reason why it's called the epicenter, due to the fact that it is directly in the center of the energy.

The places that are on or very near to the epicenter are the ones that are going to be the most impacted, since they're near or right on top of the seismic energy. That's why places near the or at the epicenter tend to experience a lot of damages and experience even greater shaking of the ground.

Whenever you see news about earthquakes, they always mention the epicenter. They mention the epicenter to the viewers so that they know where the earthquake's central point is.

Answer:

Terrestrial planets

Explanation:

There are two types of planets:

The outer planets are gas giants and are made of huge mounds of gases. These planets are Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus and Saturn. They all have satellites revolving round them.

The terrestrial planets are small rock masses. They are mercury, venus, earth and mars. Earth has one satellites and Mars has two satellites.

The asteroid belt seperates the Jovian and terrestrial planets. Beyond the Jovian planets lies the Kuiper Belt Objects or KBOs.

Terrestrial planets, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, tend to have few or no satellites. Jovian planets, on the other hand, typically have numerous satellites.

The type of planet that tends to have few or no satellites are terrestrial planets. These include the planets closest to the sun in our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. While Earth and Mars do have moon(s), Mercury and Venus do not have any at all. Terrestrial planets are contrasted with Jovian planets, or gas giants, which typically have numerous satellites. The Kuiper Belt Objects and asteroids also have few or no satellites, but they are not classified as planets.

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Answer:

B) The surface layer of permafrost thaws in summer.

Explanation:

Permafrost is frozen ground or frozen soil. It is a landform in which the ground  remains frozen for over a long period of time usually more than two years. Permafrosts are usually found in high latitude regions. For a permafrost to form, the temperature must remain considerably below freezing point.

The surface layer of a permafrost is bounded by the permafrost table and below it lies the active layer. During summer when temperature rises above freezing point, this layer thaws. In winter times, the surface layer remains frozen.

Answer:

Equatorial currents are driven by:

Trade winds

Explanation:

Trade winds

Trade winds are both driven by both North and South Equatorial currents, those are transporting warm ocean-surface water in that direction. Generally Equatorial under currents and Equatorial counter currents returns some warm water to eastward.

The trade winds of two hemispheres cover the west-east zone located near the equator is called the Inter tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

Answer:

1.422[tex] \times 10^9[/tex] N/m²

Explanation:

pressure (P) =  ρ g h

where ρ= density of continental crust

          g= acceleration due to gravity

          h is the depth given

density of continental crust is equal to 2.9 g/cm³

    = [tex]\frac{2.9\times 10^{-3}}{10^{-6} } =2.9\times 10^3 kg/m^3[/tex]

g=9.81 m/s²

height = 50,000 m

now,

pressure (P) = ρ g h

pressure (P) =[tex]2.9\times 10^3\times 9.81\times 50000[/tex]

                    =1.422[tex] \times 10^9[/tex] N/m²

Answer:

A wave that forms when the wind blows and has a wavelength of less than 1.73 cm.

Explanation:

A transitional wave refers to a wave that forms when the wind blows and has a wavelength of less than 1.73 cm.

A transitional wave is a type of wave that moves through water that is deeper than 1/20th but shallower than 1/2 of its wavelength. These waves exist in a transitional state between shallow and deep water waves. They can be formed by the action of wind over the water surface.

A transitional wave, in a physical context, refers to the wave moving through water that is deeper than 1/20th but shallower than 1/2 of its wavelength. These waves exist in a state between shallow water waves and deep-water waves as the depth conditions change. For example, when a wave moves from the deep sea towards the shore (i.e., a transition from deep water to shallow water), it undergoes changes in its characteristics becoming a transitional wave. It can also be formed by the transfer of wind energy into water.

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Answer:

c) Fastest at the top

Explanation:

The glacier is a large mass of ice, moving slowly down a slope as a compact unit. While in general it can be said that the whole glacier moves as one, not all parts of it move with the same speed. The bottom part of the glacier is moving the slowest, which is a result of the friction between the ice and rocks at the valley and walls. The central part tends to move slightly faster as it is avoiding the friction with the rocks, while the top part tends to be the fastest as it has the least pressure on it, so its movement is the easiest.

The Hayward fault, a strike-slip fault, is typically associated with hazards such as liquefaction. The plate boundary along the coast of Northern California, Oregon, and Washington is a Transform boundary where tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other.

The hazards most associated with strike-slip earthquakes on the Hayward fault could include liquefaction. On the other hand, the type of tectonic plate boundary that exists along the edge of the North American plate near the coast of Northern California, Oregon, and Washington is a Transform boundary. In contrast, a reverse fault like the Cascadia subduction zone off the coast of Oregon and Northern California (north of Mendocino California) sees relatively deep earthquakes.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

Mercury and Venus don't have any satellite.

Answer:

Explanation:

1....Which of the following occurs when a neutron strikes a radioactive parent atom?

                       fission

Fission occurs when a heavy nucleus spontaneously disintengrates into lighter ones. When neutron strikes a parent atom, it becomes unstable and in the process disintegrates.

2......Fission occurs when a neutron strikes a radioactive parent atom, causing it to split into smaller daughter atoms and in the process releasing

                      energy

Fission is accompanied by the release of energy after daughter atoms are formed. These energy are tapped for use in nuclear power plants.

3......A facet is a __________ on a gem.

                    Polished surface

A facet is a smooth polished surface of gem that has been well cut.

4........The groundwater quality of an aquifer is tested and found to have high amounts of arsenic. It is likely that the arsenic

         comes from the dissolved minerals in the aquifer rock

For arsenic to be found in ground water, the geology of the area must have had a telling effect on the water body.

5............Where would you expect to find geysers?

                  Iceland

In Iceland, the mid-atlantic ridge cuts the continent and it can be visibly seen on the surface.

A geyser is a hot spring that in which columns of hot water sprout out intermittently.

Magma bodies are closer to the surface in Iceland where they can come in close contact with the ground water system thereby sending super heated water in form of steam and vapor outwards. This is the geyser seen on land.

6.........Important volatiles in magmas include __________ .

                 water and carbon dioxide

Water and carbon dioxide are the most important volatiles which are found in magmatic bodies.

7.....Granite, a course-grained, felsic intrusive igneous rock is most similar in mineral composition to __________ , which is a fine-grained, felsic extrusive equivalent.

                 rhyolite

Ryholite is the extrusive equivalence of granite. Both rock types are felsic and are rich in silica and feldspar. Their silica composition above 60%.

8.........Which of the following is most typical of what you would find in a lahar?

                    water and mud

Lahars are examples of volcanic mudflow in which water and volcanic mud flows down slope.

The process of fission occurs when a neutron strikes a radioactive parent atom. This process causes the atom to split and release energy. Geological features and phenomena such as geysers, magmas, and lahars are a result of certain geological forces and the interaction of certain substances.

When a neutron strikes a radioactive parent atom, fission occurs, causing it to split into smaller atoms and releasing energy in the process. A facet on a gem is a polished surface. The high amounts of arsenic in the groundwater quality of an aquifer likely comes from the dissolved minerals in the aquifer rock.

Geysers are typically found in Iceland. Important volatiles in magmas include water and carbon dioxide. Granite, a coarse-grained, felsic intrusive igneous rock, is similar in mineral composition to rhyolite, which is its fine-grained, felsic extrusive equivalent. In a lahar, you would typically find water and mud.

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Answer:

a. on the earth’s surface where the initial release of seismic energy occurs.

Explanation:

The correct option is A. The focus of an earthquake is a point on the earth’s surface where the initial release of seismic energy occurs.

The tectonic plates move slowly over time, but friction causes them to become impermeable at their edges. When friction on the edge is outweighed by stress, an earthquake occurs, releasing energy in waves that move through the earth's crust and produce the shaking we experience.

The focal point is the location where an earthquake begins within the crust of the Earth. The epicenter is a location on the surface of the Earth that is directly above the focus. Seismic waves radiate outward in all directions from the focus when energy is released.

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Answer:

d).a nutrient rich upwelling current occurs along the coast of South America

Explanation:

El nino : El Nino occurs in Pacific region which produces global effect on weather patterns. It is climatic cycle and it occurs when warm waters in Western pacific oceans shifts towards the east of the coastal region of South America.

A nutrient rich upwelling current occurs along the coast of South America because the thermocline prevents the quantity of nutrients coming from the ocean surface by upwelling process along the coastal region of South America.

During El Niño, the usual nutrient-rich upwelling along the South American coast does not occur due to disrupted water movements, which is different from other periods when upwelling supports marine life by bringing deep, nutrient-rich waters to the surface.

During El Niño, a few key environmental changes occur affecting oceanic and weather patterns. One of these changes is that there is a high air pressure cell in the western Pacific and a low pressure cell in the eastern Pacific. Additionally, warm surface water is moved from the western Pacific to the eastern Pacific. However, during El Niño, the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water along the South American coast is disrupted. This upwelling is crucial for maintaining the high productivity and nutrient levels of these waters, and its absence can have negative effects on marine life and local fisheries.

Answer: True

Explanation:Strike is defined as the direction that has formed line b the intersection of a plane bed with the horizontal plane. It is usually used for the determination of the position or spot of the features of the linear structure.This is a commonly used term in the geology for the determination of plane or bed. Therefore the given statement is true.

1. a. Lithosphere

If we divide the Earth into layers by their composition, then there are three of them, the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the thinnest layer, being on the top, and being solid. The mantle is the second layer, lying between the crust and the core. It is a layer where the temperature and pressure are higher, and the rocks are hot and slow-moving. The core is the bottom layer, in the center of the planet. It is the hottest and has the highest pressure, being the densest of the layers and is composed mostly of iron and in lesser percentage of nickel.

2. b. Crust

The Earth is divided into several layers depending on the layers being solid or liquid. There are five different physical layers, lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core and inner core. The lithosphere and the inner core are the two layers that are solid, thus the layer on top and the layer in the center. The asthenosphere, mesosphere, and outer core are all liquid, though it is a different degree of liquidity, and it is these three layers where the convection currents occur and cause the magnetic field of the Earth, as well as the tectonic movements.

Answer:

Louisiana,arizona,california,texas,washington,wisconsin

Answer:

For the capital expenditure proposal, out of the four given options

option D. None of these

is correct

Explanation:

This can be explained as capital expenditure proposal for any new program includes funds raise and used for a business, long term fixed valuable and productive assets, equipment, property, machinery, infrastructure, etc.

Therefore, the start- up cost can not be disregarded at any point of time.

It needs time to plan and prepare and is a lengthy process and can't replace equipment.

Therefore, none of the above satisfy the capital expenditure proposal for a new program.

The correct answer is D. None of these is correct. A capital expenditure proposal for a new program must consider start-up costs and can vary in length depending on the program. It is not easy to prepare.

The correct answer is D. None of these is correct.

A capital expenditure proposal for a new program is not allowed to disregard start-up costs. Start-up costs are important expenses associated with starting a new program or project, such as initial investments in equipment or hiring new staff.

A capital expenditure proposal for a new program will not be comparatively easier to prepare. It may require thorough planning, financial analysis, and justification to convince stakeholders about the feasibility and benefits of the new program.

A capital expenditure proposal for a new program can vary in length. It depends on the complexity and scope of the program. Proposals to replace equipment may also entail detailed justifications, making them similar or even longer than a proposal for a new program.

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Answer:    Metamorphic rocks are formed by processes that take place in the depths of the Earth

Explanation:  Metamorphic rocks are found in the depths of the Earth because they occur during the processes that take place there. This means that all types of rocks are not evenly distributed due to the processes they occur, so that some rocks, such as sediment, are more present on the surface and easier to find. Metamorphic rocks can reach and be found on the surface due to tectonic movements that push the rocks up. But still, these layers of metamorphic rocks that reach the surface are below some layers of other rocks. In order to find these metamorphic rocks on the surface, wind and water play an important role in the washing of the surface layers of rocks over the centuries, and thus make easier to find metamorphic rocks.

Answer:

E.None of these is correct.

Explanation:

In the organization budgeting ,organization sets the activity to be perform and sets the future target which want achieve with in the specified time limit.In the simple words we can say that planning before starting anything or we can say that pre planning to achieve the targets.These all polices should be in written expression of quantitative terms which represents the limitation of our resources.

So from we can say that our option E is right.

Answer:

Geyser

Mudpool

Hot Spring

Explanation:

Geyser: Geysers are triggered by turbulently extruded high-pressure water on the earth's surface. We can usually discover tiny mounds created around the opening over time.

Mudpool: A combination of viscous mud, restricted warm water and micro-organisms causes these. When active, these characteristics may look like tiny mud volcanoes with bubbles created by the gas released from the lava.

Hot Spring: when heated by underlying magma and influenced by enormous stress, groundwater forms opening in the crust of the earth. This Hot Spring can be supplied through a hydrothermal vent that caries the warm water to create hot spring pools on the surface. In turn, these springs can crate their own formations as they carry in their water a amount of minerals. When extruded onto the earth's surface, the minerals (dissolved in water) cool down and crystallize to form lovely structures around the opening.

Answer:

Pelagic sediments are primarily found in the Abyssal Plain .

Explanation:

Abyssal Plain

The abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep floor of the ocean, At the depths of 3000 meters, this was found lying between the continental rise and mid ocean ridge these plains covers more than 50 percent of the earth's surface.They are flattest, smoothest and lease explored regions.They are key geologic elements of ocean basins .

And , hence , Pelagic sediments are primarily found in the Abyssal Plain .

Answer:

The  total number of species living in a particular area is referred to as its Biodiversity .

Explanation:

Biodiversity -

Biodiversity is defined as the variability and the variety of life existing on the planet Earth . Biodiversity measures the variation in the species , genetics and the ecology of the Planet . In the terrestrial level , the biodiversity is greater near the equator , due to warmer climate and higher level in production .

The biodiversity is not uniformly distributed on the planet , and is basically richer in the tropical region . Less than 10 percent of the Earth's surface is covered by the tropical forest ecosystems and contains around 90 percent of the world's species .

The diversity of marine life is higher near the Western pacific and in the mid latitude band , where the sea surface temperature is highest .

because the bottom of the ocean is basically unreachable without the right equipment.

Final answer:

The ocean bottom has only been minimally mapped because of the high pressure, dark, and cold conditions requiring special technology, and due to the limitations and low resolution of historical and current mapping techniques like ship-based echo sounders and satellite altimetry.

Explanation:

Only a small portion of the ocean bottom has been mapped due to the challenging conditions and limitations of mapping technology. The deep ocean poses significant challenges such as high pressure, total darkness, and extreme cold, which require specialized vehicles for exploration. Historical methods such as weighted lines for depth measurement were very slow, while modern techniques like satellite altimetry and ship-based echo sounders have improved the situation. Satellite altimetry measures sea surface height, which varies due to underwater features, to infer the ocean's topography. However, ship-based echo sounders have poor resolution in regions seldom visited by ships. The development of technology for studying oceanic bathymetry is ongoing, and vast areas remain unexplored.

Answer:

1 ) TRUE

2 ) TRUE

3 ) FALSE

Explanation:

1)   Tropical moist climates are one of the most common type of climate on land masses, going by the Koppen's  climate classification it contributes to about 25% of the total climate .

Hence , the statement is True .

2) True

According to the experiment, it is possible to harvest between 5.3 l/m²/day and 13.4 l/m²/day depending upon location, season,and type of collection system.

if we convert the numbers into quarts it comes out to be 5.6 quarts/m²/day to 14.15 U.S. quarts/m²/day.

3) False

Evidence for ozone recovery began in 1997 , not in  1987

In 1987 most of the countries signed up to the Montreal in order to protect the ozone by banning or by limiting the use of certain chemicals.

1. Yes

The sedimentary rocks are the rocks that form the last, and they form from a parent material from the igneous and metamorphic rocks. When we have a metamorphic rock, it means that we have a rock that has formed deeper into the ground, when it has been exposed to higher temperatures and pressure. Over time though, with the geological activities, this metamorphic rock can be pushed on the surface. Once this happens, the metamorphic rock will be exposed to erosion and weathering, thus it will start to get broken apart, and sediments will form from it. If the conditions are right, then those sediments can merge back together, to create a softer, new type of rock, a sedimentary rock.

2. Crystallization

The hot molten magma is the one that forms the igneous rocks, which are the basis for the formation of the other two types of rocks, the metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. In order for the magma to become rock, in needs to cool off, and this happens both on the surface and inside the crust. As the magma cools off, it starts to undergo a process of crystallization, which basically means that it solidifies and crystals are formed. Depending on the location of the crystallization, as well as the speed of it, different types of igneous rocks can be formed.

3. warm and humid

The carbonate rocks are rocks that are very high in carbon content. This type of rocks forms when there has been very large depositions of biomass, mostly by wood, which managed to merge with sediments, and under particular temperature and pressure created a rock. The carbonate rocks can be found exclusively on places that have had warm and humid climate in the past, as the enormous amounts of wooden mass required for this rocks to form can only be found in places like that, as well as the proper conditions that the wooden mass is quickly covered with mud from the outside influences.

4. In all sections of the rock cycle

The gemstones are a group of rocks that can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary. There is a very big variety among them, and that is largely attributed to the fact that these rocks form in the mantle, deep into the crust, close to the surface, and on the surface. It is not just that these rocks have very big variety, but they also differ a lot in which section of the rock cycle do they form, as they can form in pretty much every section of the rock cycle, depending on the type of gemstone. In the gemstone category we have the diamond, quartz, opal, ruby, sapphire etc.

5. Even though the Big Island of Hawaii is one million years old, it is almost impossible to set foot on rocks of that age, but in general the rocks on the surface are not older than 1,000 years. The main reason for this is that the island has an active volcano. Not just that the volcano is active, but it is also a type of volcano that has calm eruptions with enormous amounts of lava flows. The lava flows constantly cover the rocks that already existed, and as it cools of and crystallizes, it forms a new layer of rocks. This process has been going on continuously, so the rocks on the surface tend to be very young because they are formed from the more recent lava flows.

A metamorphic rock can become sedimentary rock through weathering, erosion, and compaction. Magma transforms into rock by cooling and crystallization processes. Carbonate rocks in the Colorado Rockies indicate an ancient marine environment, and gemstones form during igneous and metamorphic stages of the rock cycle. Hawaii's geological youth is due to its ongoing volcanic activity.

Yes, a rock that has undergone metamorphism can turn into a sedimentary rock. This transformation occurs when metamorphic rock is exposed to the Earth's surface, where it is broken down through weathering and erosion into small particles. These particles can then be transported, deposited, and compacted over time to form new layers of sedimentary rock.

Magma becomes rock through the process of cooling and crystallization. When hot molten magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, it forms intrusive igneous rock. When it erupts to the surface, it cools rapidly and forms extrusive igneous rock.

The presence of carbonate rocks in the Colorado Rocky Mountains implies a marine environment where these sediments were deposited in ancient seas that once covered the area.

Gemstones can be formed in various sections of the rock cycle, most notably during the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks due to the high pressures and temperatures needed for gemstone formation.

The Big Island of Hawaii showcases relatively young rocks because it is still geologically active with frequent volcanic eruptions that create new land surfaces, burying older rock layers and continuously refreshing the geological landscape.

Answer:

Explanation:

During part of the year, Earth is closer to the sun than at other times. However, in the Northern Hemisphere, we are having winter when Earth is closest to the sun and summer when it is farthest away! ... Earth has seasons because its axis doesn't stand up straight.

Answer:

The social justice philosopher that influenced the Framers of the United States Constitution was John Locke.

Explanation:

The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America is an intellectual document that transcends the local revolutionary epic to become a global goal of spiritual well-being for humanity. The document includes words and phrases of profound literary beauty and love of country, justice, freedom and God.

Several intellectual sources inspired American patriots in the creation of the American State, including English constitutional law: the Magna Carta (1215), the postulates of the Assembly of representatives in Jamestown in 1619 and the English Bill of Rights of 1689. Also influential were the writings of John Locke: "Letter on tolerance" (1689) and "Two Treaties on Civil Government" (1689).

The difference(s) between the Grand Canyon and Valles Marineris are the Grand Canyon was formed by water, but Valles Marineris was not, Valles Marineris is much longer than the Grand Canyon, Valles Marineris is much wider than the Grand Canyon, and Valles Marineris has large volcanoes near it.  Therefore, option E is correct.

The Grand Canyon and Valles Marineris are both impressive geological features, but they exist on different planets and have several notable differences.

Both the Grand Canyon and Valles Marineris are impressive canyons, the Grand Canyon is located on Earth, formed by the Colorado River, and exhibits a diverse range of sedimentary rock layers.

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The Grand Canyon was primarily formed by water erosion while Valles Marineris was shaped by tectonic activity, with wind and possibly water from springs playing a role in later erosional processes. Valles Marineris is also much longer and deeper than the Grand Canyon and is near large Martian volcanoes. Unlike the Grand Canyon, Valles Marineris lacks extensive stratigraphic rock exposure.

The Grand Canyon and Valles Marineris are both massive canyons, yet they exhibit significant differences. The Grand Canyon, located on Earth, was formed over time primarily by the erosive forces of water, specifically the Colorado River. On the other hand, Valles Marineris, situated on Mars, was primarily formed due to tectonic activity, with subsequent modifications by erosion from wind and possibly water from seeping springs.

The dimensions of both canyons also vary greatly. Valles Marineris is roughly 3000 kilometers long and 8 kilometers deep, making it significantly longer and deeper than the Grand Canyon, which is around 446 kilometers long and just over 1.8 kilometers deep at its maximum. Moreover, Valles Marineris is wider and has large volcanoes located near it in the Tharsis region, contributing to its formation.

The stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon showcases a rich tapestry of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks, which are visible in its towering walls and provide a window into Earth's geological history. This is a contrast to Valles Marineris, which does not have a similar stratigraphic exposure due to its different genesis and erosional processes.