n mice, an allele for apricot (a) eyes is recessive to an allele for brown (A) eyes. At an independently assorting locus, an allele for tan (t) coat color is recessive to an allele for black (T) coat color. A mouse that is homozygous for brown eyes and black coat color is crossed with a mouse having apricot eyes and a tan coat. The resulting F1 are intercrossed to produce the F2. What is the probability of an F2 mouse having a black coat and apricot eyes?

Answer:

Seahorses are between the sea animals that may modification color. Such variations camouflage the creatures if not obscure or perhaps frighten possible predators. Color variations facilitate seahorse’s link emotions and intentions, particularly throughout suit. Whereas these alterations are stunning and infrequently seem seamless, they're truly the merchandise of complicated interactions between the seahorse's brain and small organs carried within its skin.

Anatomy

Seahorse organelles, known as chromatophores, are enclosed at intervals their skins. These tiny, sack like organs contain variety of pigments and may expand or consent response to a spread of stimuli, inflicting the seahorse to vary color. Typically, seahorses carry solely a couple of chromatophore diversities, so completely different colors are created through the blending and matching of accessible pigments.

Building Color

All of the colours to that a seahorse will modification are derived from 3 or four basic stains contained in several chromatophores. The pigment cells of those chromatophores are sometimes stacked on prime of every alternative or clustered along in teams. the colour a seahorse displays is predicated on sort, combination and attentiveness of those cells, moreover as their proximity to the skin's surface.

Brightness and Tone

Muscles hooked up to chromatophores will push stain cells toward, or pull coloring cells off from, the surface of a seahorse's skin. Once the coloring is on the point of the skin's surface, the animal's color is brighter and splendid. In turn, once the pigment attracts off from the skin's surface, the ensuing color is a smaller amount saturated and somewhat boring.

Speed of modification

Depending on the stimulant that causes a seahorse to vary its color, chromatophores are measured by the seahorse's system or by its secretion fluctuations. once the system activates chromatophores, comparable to in life-and-death things, the animal's color changes quickly. once chromatophores are activated by secretion fluctuations, comparable to once a seahorse is suit a mate, the animal's color in its place changes somewhat slowly.

Both of them aren't subjected to action because the color modification in ocean horse are influenced by system and secretion system.

The ability of seahorses to change color in response to their environment is an aspect of color determination subject to natural selection. This adaptability is genetically controlled and influenced by the environment, providing a survival advantage. This case is an example of a gene-environment interaction.

The aspect of color determination subject to natural selection in seahorses is the ability of their offspring to change their body color in response to their environment. This is a complex developmental response triggered by numerous genes. These genes code for regulatory proteins that can alter the developmental pathway, leading to different body colors in offspring. For example, if a baby seahorse settles on an orange coral, it may develop orange coloration; if it settles on a purple coral, it may develop purple coloration. This adaptive characteristic gives seahorses a survival advantage, making them more invisible to predators and more successful at catching prey. Thus, natural selection can favor seahorses with this trait.

However, it is crucial to note that color change in baby seahorses is not determined by the environment alone, but is under genetic control influenced by the surrounding environment. This is a case of gene-environment interaction.

A similar phenomenon can be observed in side-blotched lizards or other creatures like the peppered moths in England in the time of the Industrial Revolution. Their environment caused a shift in coloration to survive their changing habitats, leading to a shift in the population's genetic variance towards the new, fit phenotype. This adaptability is a wonderful example of how species can evolve through natural selection to increase their survival and reproductive success.

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Answer:

Visual framework:  

In visual framework, sensory cells replace physical vitality of light signals into electrical motivations that movement to the mind. Tangible cells in visual framework are bar cells and cone cells. The light creates a conformational changes in rhodopsin. This change brings about a decrease of the electro-chemical inclination of the photo-receptor which brings about decrease of electrical signs setting off to the cerebrum.  

Aulfactory framework:  

In the olfactory framework the atoms that giving smell stuck the bodily fluid tough situation to G protein receptors on olfactory cells. The G protein does initiates a downstream flagging course that causes progressively level of cyclic AMP which causes synapse discharge

Cell sap, located in the central vacuole of a plant cell, plays a crucial role in maintaining pressure against the cell wall, contributing to turgor pressure, and aiding the transport of sugars, minerals, amino acids, and plant growth regulators through the plant.

The function of cell sap is pivotal in maintaining a plant's physiological processes. Cell sap, a fluid found in the central vacuole of a plant cell, maintains pressure against the cell wall contributing to turgor pressure. This fluid comprises various components such as sugars, amino acids, and minerals, and it aids in the transportation of these substances throughout the plant.

It's also involved in the translocation process, where photosynthates (sugar synthesized via photosynthesis) are transported to the nearest sink from the source. This transportation is conducted through phloem cells known as Sieve Tube Elements (STEs). These STEs contain small cytoplasm contents and are connected by sieve plates that enable pressure-driven bulk flow, or translocation, of phloem sap.

Phloem sap travels through these sieve tube elements, aided by neighboring companion cells that perform metabolic functions for the sieve tube elements and provide them with energy.

The high concentration of sugar and other solutes in the cell sap decreases water potential (Ys), causing water to move by osmosis from the adjacent xylem into the phloem tubes, which increases pressure. This, in turn, causes a bulk flow of phloem sap from the source (usually leaves) to the sink (other parts of a plant like roots, stems, etc.).

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Answer:

Ben - Y Xc

Jen - XCXC

Violet - XCXc

Seraphina - XCXc

Samuel- Y Xc

Explanation:

Given -

Ben has a cleft chin

Let the allele for cleft chin be "c"

and the allele for normal chin be "C"

When Ben with cleft chin mates with wife Jennifer Garner having normal chin, then the two girl child do not have cleft chin but the boy has cleft chin.

This means that the allele C could be X -linked and the mother is not the carrier but the father is

The genotype of father Ben would be Y Xc

Genotype of mother would be XCXC

Genotype of two daughters XCXc  , XCXc which means they are carrier for the next generation

Genotype of Boy - Y Xc

Pedigree for the Garner/Affleck family:

Ben (Cc)

    /     \

   Jen (cc)   Samuel (CC/Cc)

  /         \

Violet (cc)  Seraphina (cc).

Genotypes of all five individuals:

Ben Affleck: Cc (heterozygous for a cleft chin)

Jennifer Garner: cc (homozygous recessive for no cleft chin)

Violet Affleck: cc (homozygous recessive for no cleft chin)

Seraphina Affleck: cc (homozygous recessive for no cleft chin)

Samuel Affleck: CC/Cc (heterozygous or homozygous dominant for a cleft chin)

We can also determine the genotypes of Violet, Seraphina, and Samuel based on the pedigree. Since Jennifer Garner is homozygous recessive for no cleft chin (cc), she can only pass on the recessive allele to her children.

Therefore, Violet and Seraphina must also be homozygous recessive for no cleft chin (cc).

Samuel Affleck is the only child in the family who has a cleft chin. This means that he must have inherited at least one copy of the dominant allele for a cleft chin from his father, Ben.

Therefore, Samuel must be either heterozygous (Cc) or homozygous dominant (CC) for a cleft chin.

we know that the most likely genotypes for all five individuals are as follows:

Ben Affleck: Cc

Jennifer Garner: cc

Violet Affleck: cc

Seraphina Affleck: cc

Samuel Affleck: CC/Cc

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Answer:

Silent Mutation

Explanation:

These are changes in the sequence of nucleotide bases that constitutes DNA, without a change in the amino acid or the overall protein.

Silent Mutation does can be caused by many ways but does not change protein or amino acids function.

Answer and Explanation:

cross: BbTt x bbTt

Cross for B gene

Parental ) Bb   x   bb

Gametes) B   b   b   b

Punnet square)  B     b

                  b     Bb    bb

                  b     Bb    bb

F1) Genotypic proportion: 2/4=1/2 Bb : 2/4=1/2 bb

     Genotypic ratio 1:1

     Phenotypic proportion: 2/4=1/2 B- : 2/4=1/2 bb

     Phenotypic ratio   1:1

Cross for T gene

Parental ) Tt   x   Tt

Gametes) T  t     T   t

Punnet square) T       t

                  T     TT    Tt

                  t      Tt    tt

F1) Genotypic proportion 1/4 TT

                                          2/4 Tt

                                          1/4 tt

     Genotypic ratio  1 : 2 : 1

      Phenotypic proportion: 3/4 T-

                                              1/4 tt

     Phenotypic ratio 3 : 1

Answer: Adaptations to a common environment and examples of convergent evolution.

Explanation:

Ichthyosaurs were the giant marine reptiles but it possess tails and dorsal fins though this is not a common character of reptiles. But the presence tails and dorsal fins states that it was an adaptation which was required at that time.

This giant reptile was an mixture of modern fish and dophins. It also had dorsal fin for swimming in water and has vertical tail which was used for the propulsive stroke. They were air breathing but had some part of their life in water as well like other reptiles.

Convergent evolution can be defined as the evolution of similar features in the species found at different period.

Some of the fishes like dolphins and other fishes shows convergent evolution to ichthyosaurs.

Answer:

Explanation:

Endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle that produces, processes and transport protein and lipids.

Golgi body is also referred to as the cell's post office. It modifies, packages and sorts protein for secreation.

Mitochondrion is referred to as the power house. It generates energy in form of ATP ( Adenosine triphospate).

Ribosome is the organelle that produces and synthesizes protein.

Cellular organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, ribosomes, and the nucleus, perform distinct functions essential for cell vitality, like energy production, protein synthesis, and genetic information storage.

Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform distinct metabolic functions, analogous to the organs in a human body. Cells contain various organelles that work in harmony to support the cell's life processes.

Each of these organelles plays a critical role in maintaining the health and functionality of the cell, with specific structures that facilitate their specialized functions.

Answer:

As the given equation is correct,hence the boss is right,glucose utilization are therefore not able to grow ... and molecular biology to create new mutants.

The correct conclusion is that the mutant strain will not be viable under anaerobic conditions when glucose is the only energy source available.

In biochemistry, the viability of an organism, particularly a microorganism, is often linked to its ability to metabolize nutrients to produce energy. Aerobic respiration is a metabolic process by which cells use oxygen to convert glucose into energy. In contrast, anaerobic respiration is a process by which cells convert glucose into energy without the use of oxygen.

The information provided indicates that the mutant strain can grow aerobically, which means it can use oxygen to metabolize glucose or other substrates to produce energy. However, the mutant strain cannot grow on glucose anaerobically. This suggests that the mutant strain lacks the necessary biochemical pathways to metabolize glucose in the absence of oxygen.

In many organisms, particularly facultative anaerobes, the ability to switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is crucial for survival in environments where oxygen levels may fluctuate. For example, in the absence of oxygen, these organisms can ferment glucose to lactate or ethanol, or use alternative electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration.

If the mutant strain cannot grow anaerobically on glucose, it means that it cannot produce energy from glucose without oxygen. This would severely limit the mutant strain's viability in anaerobic environment where glucose is the primary or only available energy source. Therefore, the mutant strain would not be considered viable under those specific conditions, supporting the boss's assertion.

In summary, while the mutant strain can survive and grow in the presence of oxygen, its inability to metabolize glucose anaerobically would render it non-viable in anaerobic environments where glucose is the sole energy source. This conclusion is consistent with fundamental principles of microbial metabolism and the requirements for cellular energy production."

Answer:

C. phillipensis

Explanation:

Answer:

1. transcription of mRNA from DNA

2. small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA

3.initiation complex formed with addition of large ribosomal subunit

4.codon recognition (non-initiating site)

5.peptide bond formation

6.translocation

7. ribosome reads a stop codon

8.polypeptide chain is released from the P site

9. ribosomal subunits dissociate

Explanation:

The translation is a process which translates the nitrogenous bases or codons in the proteins.

The process of translation requires the mRNA, tRNA and ribosome and proceeds in three stages: the initiation, elongation and the termination.

The process begins with the binding of the small subunit of the ribosome to the mRNA. The charged tRNA with a first amino acid called methionine binds the mRNA and scans the mRNA until it finds the start codon.  

After it finds the start codon, the large subunit complex binds the mRNA and form initiation complex. After this, the amino acid enters the P-site of the ribosome where elongation of peptide takes place.

The peptide then exits from the E-site and the ribosome dissociates.

Protein synthesis begins with the formation of an initiation complex involving the small ribosomal subunit, mRNA template, initiation factors, and initiator tRNA. The initiator tRNA has anticodon UAG and interacts with the start codon AUG, carrying the amino acid methionine.

Protein synthesis begins with the formation of an initiation complex. This complex involves the small ribosomal subunit, the mRNA template, initiation factors, and a special initiator tRNA, called tRNAMet. The initiator tRNA has anticodon UAG, which interacts with the start codon AUG and is charged with the amino acid methionine. Methionine is therefore the first amino acid of every polypeptide chain.

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Answer:

Improved food sources

Explanation:

Artificial selection is also known as selective breeding. Its a deliberate process of breeding plants and animals for better breeds.

It's also called genetic engineering.

This in a way impacts the society positively as crops with better yield are produced. Example is wheat that has more grain or in animals, cow that produces more milk.

Answer:

Acid rain: Rainfall made so acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm, chiefly to forests and lakes. The main cause is the industrial burning of coal and other fossil fuels.

Alternative fuels is an excellent way to prevent acid rain and to stop using nonrenewable fuels and switch over to renewable sources of energy, such as solar, wind and water energy.

Answer:

Acid rain comes from Gaseous Sulfur evaporating into the air.  When it goes into the clouds, it reacts with the water vapor to  make sulfuric acid. Then, when the cloud turns into water droplets, it brings the sulfuric acid down with it, typically in low  concentrations.  This will erode any substance with Calcite a mineral in it. Since Limestone and marble have this mineral, many buildings, statues, and surfaces are affected by acid rain. However, this  affect will only be significantly felt by long term exposure. The way to help decrease the likelihood of acid rain is to reduce the amount of electricity because most electricity in the United States comes from burning coal, which produces sulfur dioxide. Burning any fossil fuel for energy production, including oil and natural gas, releases nitrogen oxides. Or reduce vehicle exhaust that also produces nitrogen oxides.

Hope this helped

Answer:

The top box that points to the green is moderate rain.

The middle box that points to the blue is light rain.

The bottom box that points to the red is heavy rain.

I got a 100 on plato

The color scale gives the rainfall amounts in inches are:

An isohyetal map is thought a map with isohyets.

The process used to calculate moderate rainfall in a distinct region is known as an isohyetal technique.

Thus, these are the answer.

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Option(D) is correct

A scientist creates a new kingdom based on the fact that a discovered organism has unique characteristics and he has never seen a similar organism before.

Explanation:

A new kingdom can be created if the organism that has been discovered is entirely different from the organisms existing earlier. If the organism possesses features of any other organism existing earlier than it might be impossible to create a new kingdom.

This helps scientists to create a new kingdom or different species of plants or animals. It helps in the development of unique species that possess unique qualities.

The statement that gives a correct justification and procedure for creating a new kingdom is :

D) A scientist creates a new kingdom based on the fact that a discovered organism has unique characteristics and he has never seen a similar organism before.

The statement that gives a correct justification and procedure for creating a new kingdom is a scientist creates a new kingdom based on the fact that a discovered organism has unique characteristics and he has never seen a similar organism before.

If the organism has highlights of any other living being existing prior than it may be impossible to form a unused kingdom.

This makes a difference researchers to make a unused kingdom or distinctive species of plants or animals.

It makes a difference within the improvement of interesting species that have special qualities.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, an organic chemical that that functions in the body and brain.

It is one of the substance released by the nerve cell, so that it can send signal to cells such as;gland cell, muscle cell. Acetylcholine causes contraction of muscles and also regulates endocrine functions. Lack of acetylcholine in the body can results to muscle weakness.(myasthenia)

To Indicate whether each of the below conditions would increase or decrease the effect of acetylcholine.

A.) addition of a drug that stimulates the GTPase activity of the Gα subunit.

Answer: INCREASE

B.) mutations in the K+ channel that keep it closed all the time.

Answer: DECREASE

C.) modification of the Gα subunit by cholera toxin

Answer: INCREASE

The reason is because Toxin inhibit GTP hydrolysis

D.) a mutation that decreases the affinity of the βγ complex of the G protein for the K+ channel.

Answer: DECREASE

E.) a mutation in the acetylcholine receptor that prevents its localization on the cell surface

Answer: DECREASE

.

F.) adding acetylcholinesterase to the external environment of the cell

Answer: DECREASE

.

Answer:

Antibiotics attack the cell walls of bacteria.

Explanation:

They prevent the bacteria from synthesizing a molecule in the cell wall, which is very important as it gives the cell wall the strength to survive in the human body. This molecule is known as PEPTIDOGLYCAN.

The possible reasons to isolate human DNA include genetic testing, forensic analysis, genealogy research, medical diagnostics, and scientific research. The length of DNA in each cell's nucleus is approximately 2 meters. The steps necessary to isolate DNA from cheek cells are:

1. Collecting the cells: Gently scrape the inside of the cheek with a cotton swab to collect cheek cells.

2. Lysing the cells: Add the collected cells to a solution that contains detergent and salt to break open the cells and dissolve the proteins and lipids.

3. Precipitating the DNA: Add cold alcohol to the solution to cause the DNA to precipitate out of the solution.

4. Spooling the DNA: Use a sterile stick or glass rod to twirl and collect the DNA that has formed a stringy, white precipitate.

5. Washing the DNA: Rinse the DNA with alcohol to remove impurities.

6. Dissolving the DNA: Place the DNA in a buffer solution to dissolve it, making it ready for further analysis or storage.

1. Isolating human DNA is essential for various applications. In genetic testing, it helps in identifying genetic disorders or predispositions to certain diseases. Forensic analysis uses DNA to match crime scene samples with suspects. Genealogy research involves tracing family histories and lineage. In medical diagnostics, DNA isolation aids in personalized medicine and understanding genetic factors in diseases. Scientific research often requires pure DNA samples for experiments and studying gene function.

2. The length of DNA in each cell is staggering when compared to the size of the cell itself. Human DNA is composed of approximately 3 billion base pairs, and when stretched out, it measures around 2 meters. This is possible because the DNA is highly coiled and packed within the cell nucleus.

3. The isolation of DNA from cheek cells involves several critical steps:

 - Collecting the cells: Cheek cells are a convenient source of DNA because they can be easily obtained without invasive procedures.

 - Lysing the cells: This step disrupts the cell membrane and nuclear envelope, releasing the DNA into the solution. The detergent helps to dissolve the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, while the salt helps to dissociate the DNA from histones and other proteins.

 - Precipitating the DNA: DNA is insoluble in alcohol, so when alcohol is added to the solution, the DNA strands clump together and precipitate out.

 - Spooling the DNA: The precipitated DNA can be wound around a tool like a glass rod, making it easier to handle and transfer.

 - Washing the DNA: This step removes any remaining salts, proteins, or detergents that might interfere with subsequent applications.

 - Dissolving the DNA: Finally, the DNA is dissolved in a suitable buffer, typically Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer, which helps to maintain the pH and chelate any metal ions that could damage the DNA. The isolated DNA can then be used for various molecular biology techniques such as PCR, sequencing, or restriction digestion."

Answer:

That is correct...it can also be called homeostasis

Answer:

The human body works well when the cells of the body work well. The cells in the body work well when the conditions are just “right.” These “right” conditions are maintained by the body through homeostasis, the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions.

Temperature , amount of sugar, and amount of water are some conditions that need to be right in the body for cells to work properly. When all the conditions are just right, the cells function properly.

Answer:

graph a

Explanation:

The graph which best represents disruptive selection is Graph A. So, the correct option is A.

Disruptive selection is defined as diversifying selection which can be defined as an evolutionary force that is used to describe changes in the genetics of a population. This ultimately implies a disruptive selection which causes genetic drift in the population.

Disruptive selection is explained as population genetic changes which favor extreme values ​​of a trait over intermediate values ​​such that the variation of the trait increases, and the population splits into two groups. The graph which best represents disruptive selection is Graph A.

Therefore, the correct option is A.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:

Which graph best represents disruptive selection?

Answer:

Molecular data from both living organisms and fossils provide evidence to support an evolutionary relationship between dugongs and proboscideans. Analysis of such data helps to track shared genetic elements as well as evolutionary divergences. Beyond morphology, other evolutionary trends can be analyzed, such as the fossil record of the evolution of horses in North America.

Molecular data from both fossils and living organisms provide evidence supporting an evolutionary relationship between dugongs and proboscideans, which include elephants. Mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and specific cellular proteins from present organisms and fossilized remains can be analyzed to track shared genetic elements and evolutionary divergences.

In addition to morphological similarities found in fossils, other evolutionary trends can be analyzed. For instance, the fossil record of horses in North America shows an evolution of teeth shapes and foot and leg anatomy adapting to a changing environment over millions of years. This isn’t different from what researchers hypothesize occurred between the dugongs and proboscideans, given the estimated timeline of their divergence.

Such analyses lead to insights into the phylogenetics of these creatures. By looking at these records, scientists can build phylogenetic trees that map the proposed evolution of species, showing the divergence of the dugongs and proboscideans from a common ancestor.

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Molecular data, such as DNA and protein sequences, along with molecular clocks, support the hypothesized evolutionary relationship between dugongs and proboscideans by identifying genetic similarities and estimated divergence times that match the morphological data.

Molecular data from fossils and living organisms support the evolutionary relationship between dugongs and proboscideans in several ways:

These molecular methodologies, combined with morphological data, create a more complete evolutionary history, giving evidence to the shared lineage of seemingly disparate species.

Answer:

Explanation: The orgaism can be an invasive species it would effect the amount of large or small organisms.things like elk that eat a large amount of certain plants can affect the other organisms source of food.Thats why their hunted by wolves.All the pieces matter.

Changes in a food chain can disrupt energy flow and nutrient cycles, with effects that can ripple through an ecosystem, potentially leading to biodiversity loss or collapse.

If a primary consumer decreases in population, this can lead to overgrowth of plants and the undernourishment of secondary consumers. Conversely, if a keystone species is removed or significantly altered, it can cause a ripple effect, disrupting the predatory and competitive relationships in an ecosystem, potentially leading to biodiversity loss or ecosystem collapse. The delicate balance of energy flow and nutrient cycles in an ecosystem makes it sensitive to changes in any single organism or group within a food chain, demonstrating the interconnectedness of all living things.

I don't see the relation to this question to biology, since it goes to cooking, but the answer is D. a suprême. When it comes to poultry, a "supreme" is a boneless and skinless breast. It also denotes a fillet.

-I took cooking classes.

Final answer:

A semiboneless half breast of poultry or game birds is known as d) a suprême. It is characterized by having the wing bone still attached while the rest of the bones are removed. This term is important for culinary precision in dishes that require both presentation and flavor.

Explanation:

In culinary terms, a semiboneless half breast of poultry or game birds is referred to as d) a suprême. This term specifically denotes a breast portion with the wing bone still attached, but with the rest of the bones removed. The suprême is prized for its convenience in cooking and presentation, making it perfect for elegant dishes where both flavor and aesthetics are important. It should not be confused with a frenched half, which usually refers to a method of trimming meat, a filet, which often denotes a boneless and skinless piece of meat, or le finnes halves, which is not a recognized term in culinary use.

Answer:

They had to eliminate allopatric speciation and subsequent dispersal as a hypothesis.

Explanation:

Allopatric speciation is produced by geographic speciation, thereby the genetic differences observed among organisms might be a consequence of this mechanism . The rejection of this hypothesis may imply sympatric speciation

The correct answer is C) Both answers are correct. In the Arrow/Midas Cichlid sympatric speciation hypothesis, the investigators had to investigate not only the biology and genetics of the species in question, but had to understand the geological history of the larger geological basin in which they occurred, AND the phylogeny of the populations. This is because Investigators had to eliminate allopatric speciation and utilize phylogenetic patterns to support or refute sympatric speciation.

Investigators needed to consider the geological history, biology, and phylogeny to fully understand the potential for sympatric speciation in cichlid fish. They had to eliminate allopatric speciation and subsequent dispersal as a hypothesis, because such events involve physical separation of populations, which is not the case in sympatric speciation. In addition, certain phylogenetic patterns could corroborate or reject the hypothesis of sympatric speciation by showing whether populations diverged in situ without geographic isolation.

Answer:

a) Natural selection may lead to the evolution of prezygotic reproductive isolation in organisms that already have postzygotic isolation to prevent wasted reproductive effort

Explanation:

Prezygotic reproductive isolation produces postzygotic reproductive isolation because this mechanism lead to genetic differences that impair the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Answer:

Cleft chin is a dominant trait

Explanation:

Single gene inheritance: From the description, cleft chin is a dominant trait if at least one parent has it. For a trait to be inherited in the recessive condition, both parents must have a copy each of that trait. But for this trait to be inherited from at least one parent, it has to be a dominant trait.

Cleft chin is a dominant trait; a child will not exhibit it unless at least one parent also has a cleft chin. Offspring have a 50% chance of having a cleft chin if one parent is heterozygous for the trait and the other parent does not have a cleft chin.

The trait in question, a cleft chin, is determined by one gene with two alleles. Given that a child will not have a cleft chin unless at least one parent has it, we can conclude that cleft chin is a dominant trait. This mode of inheritance indicates that if a parent has a cleft chin, they must have at least one dominant allele (B), which is expressed in the physical appearance, overriding the recessive allele (b) for a smooth chin.

If we assume the parent with a cleft chin is heterozygous (Bb), and the other parent has no cleft chin (therefore having two recessive alleles, bb), their offspring would have a 50% chance of inheriting the cleft chin. This is because the offspring can inherit either the dominant allele from the cleft-chinned parent, leading to a cleft chin (Bb), or inherit only recessive alleles from both parents, resulting in no cleft chin (bb).

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Speciation event occur when favorable adaptations build up in a population over many generations.

The process by which new species are formed is called speciation. The major types of speciation are allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric. This speciation is due to the evolutionary process that occurs in an organism.

So we can conclude that Speciation event occur when favorable adaptations build up in a population over many generations.

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Answer:

It means its inherited.

Explanation:

Sex linked disorders are disorders that are passed down through families. It could be through the X or Y chromosomes which are the sex chromosomes.