Biology High School

Name 4 ways the human body protects itself

Answers

Answer 1
Immune system - through a complex interaction between various types of immune cells, the body is able to decompose invading organisms

Immune system memory - information about the pathogens encountered during an illness is stored in immune cells and is used to quickly destroy those pathogens if they become present in the body again (basis for vaccines)

Metabolic adjustments - during severe infections or trauma, the body lowers the consumption of nutrients thus lowering the chances of introducing unwanted microorganisms or toxins into the bloodstream

Blood-Brain barrier - filters out larger molecules - effetively preventing many microorganisms from entering the brain

Sneezing, runny nose, sweat, high fever, vomitting - creates unfavorable microenvironment and expels decomposed (fully or partially) and active pathogens( bacteria, viruses, fungi)
Answer 2
1) Vaccination causes the body to produce enough white blood cells to protect itself against a pathogen. 2)One simple way to reduce the risk of infection to maintain personal hygiene. 3) Skin is another one, its a stable, but flexible outer covering that acts as a barrier. 4)The blood cells and immune system. If germs get through the skin, the job of protecting the body shifts to the immune system. 
Hope this helps you! :)

Related Questions

All the structures in order through which air passes as it is inhaled through the nares

Answers

Nostrils- Nasal chambers - Internal nares - Laryngopharynx - Larynx - Trachea - Primary bronchi - Diaphram - Lungs- Bronchial intercom - Alveoli.
I hope it helped u..!!

Is a period characterized by rapid physical growth and sexual maturation?

Answers

If you mean physically then yes, but more complicated and chemical processes happen inside a woman's body during a "period".

Hope it helped!

What are the two little black dots at one end of the planarian called? What do they do for this organism?

Answers

Two little dots at the end of Planaria are called eye-spots.
Eye-spots (also known as ocelli) have a role in the vision of Planaria. The eye-spots have a possibility to detect the intensity of light and are used to move away from light sources.

Which letter indicates the cavity that contains the digestive organs?

Answers

It is the abdominal cavity that contains the digestive organs.

Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. what is the probability of having a child with attached earlobes when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes? attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. what is the probability of having a child with attached earlobes when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes? 25% 0% 50% 75%

Answers

I believe that the probability of having an individual with attached earlobes will be 50%. Since the attached earlobes is recessive then its genotype will be (ee), for the unattached ear lobes the genotype will be EE, Ee. Therefore, mating between an individual with attached ear lobes (ee) and one with unattached ear lobes, heterozygous, Ee,  the offspring will be; Ee, Ee, ee, or ee. Therefore; half of the offspring will have unattached ear lones (heterozygous) while another half will have attached ear lobes. 
Final answer:

The probability that a child of an individual with attached earlobes ('ff') and a heterozygous individual with free earlobes ('Ff') will have attached earlobes is 50%.

Explanation:

The probability of having a child with attached earlobes when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes can be calculated using Punnett squares. Since attached earlobes are a recessive trait, a person with attached earlobes has the genotype 'ff'. A heterozygous person with free earlobes has the genotype 'Ff'. When we cross these genotypes (ff x Ff), the possible genotypes for the offspring are Ff (free earlobe) and ff (attached earlobe).

The Punnett square for this cross would show that there is a 50% chance (2 out of 4) for the offspring to inherit the genotype 'ff' and therefore have attached earlobes. The other 50% would inherit the genotype 'Ff' and express the dominant trait of free earlobes.

Therefore, the correct answer is that there is a 50% chance for the child to have attached earlobes.

___________ is a drug that is regularly used in veterinary medicine.

Answers

Ketamine is the drug regularly used in veterinary medicine.

Observe the life cycle of an insect called the rhino beetle. As a group, what are the three stages between the egg stage and the pupa stage called?

Answers

One is the larva, hope this helps

Answer:

Larva

Explanation:

After mating, female rhino beetle lay 50-100 eggs. On hatching, the eggs metamorphosed into larval or grub stage. This stage actually includes three sub-stages called instar. Instar stage referred to as L1, L2 and L3. During these sub-stages, larvae undergoes molting, it grows looks like maggots or larvae of other insects.

reduction reactions during fatty acid synthesis utilize

Answers

Reduction reactions during fatty acid synthesis utilize NADPH.
Fatty acids are synthesized by the repetition of the following reactions: condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction.
Synthesis takes place in the cytosol and the enzymes included synthesis in this process are joined in a protein fatty acid synthase. During the process, the growing fatty acid chain is elongated by the sequential addition of two-carbon units derived from acetyl CoA. The reductant is NADPH.
Final answer:

During fatty acid synthesis, reduction reactions primarily utilize NADPH and ATP. Fatty acids are converted into fatty acyl CoA, transported into the mitochondria as fatty acyl carnitine, and then converted to acetyl CoA to enter the Krebs cycle for energy production.

Explanation:

Reduction reactions during fatty acid synthesis primarily utilize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and ATP. During the process of fatty acid synthesis, fatty acids are converted into fatty acyl CoA molecules in the cytoplasm. These fatty acyl CoA molecules combine with carnitine to form fatty acyl carnitine. This molecule is transported across the mitochondrial membrane, where it is then converted back into fatty acyl CoA and eventually into acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters the Krebs cycle, where it is used to produce energy or ATP.

Furthermore, when glucose levels are low, the body can break down triglycerides into 2C acetyl groups through the process of fatty acid oxidation. In this way, they are used as an energy source. The process of converting a fatty acid to fatty acyl carnitine is important as it allows for transport through the mitochondrial membranes.

Learn more about Fatty Acid Synthesis here:

https://brainly.com/question/28216074

#SPJ11

Once a substance is separated from the blood supply by the nephron, it is excreted in the urine. true

Answers

it is true. hope this helps

Menstrual flow results in the discharge of select one:
a. the follicle.
b. the corpus luteum.
c. the endometrial lining of the uterus.
d. surface cells from the vagina.
e. blood from the blood vessels on the outer surface of the uterus.

Answers

c. the endometrial lining of the uterus

Menstrual flow results in the discharge the endometrial lining of the uterus

Menstruation or menstrual cycle is a phenomenal occurrence in female humans. It occurs monthly for a certain period of the female's lifetime. Ideally, the ovary of a female produces one egg monthly.

In response to this, the uterine wall is lined by the help of hormones called estrogen and progesterone. This lining occurs in preparation of a fertilized egg, which will travel to the uterus and start developing as a fetus.

However, if fertilization (by a sperm cell) does not occur that month, the estrogen and progesterone levels start declining. This leads to the breakdown of the endometrial lining of the uterus and is discharged as blood via the vagina. This process is the result of menstrual flow.

Learn more at: https://brainly.com/question/23843879

Describe the process of crossing over during prophase i and explain how genetic recombination occurs.

Answers

this is when crossing over occurs which is the exchange of genetic material across the synapse between either homologous chromosome.

Speciation without geographic isolation is called ________ speciation.
a.sympatric
b.allopatric
c.incomplete
d.diversifying

Answers

Final answer:

Sympatric speciation is the term used to describe the formation of new species without geographic isolation. Unlike allopatric speciation, it happens within a single geolocation, such as a group of insects developing genetic changes due to a shift in dietary preferences. Correct option is A.

Explanation:

Speciation without geographic isolation is known as sympatric speciation. In contrast to allopatric speciation, where a physical barrier such as a river or a mountain range separates a population into two or more groups leading to the evolution of new species, sympatric speciation occurs within a single geographic location. An example of this might be a group of insects living on a single tree which begin to eat different kinds of leaves, thus altering their diet and eventually leading to genetic changes that result in the creation of a new species.

Learn more about sympatric speciation here:

https://brainly.com/question/32470756

#SPJ6

Final answer:

Speciation without geographic isolation is referred to as sympatric speciation. This can occur through different mechanisms leading to reproductive isolation within the same habitat.

Explanation:

Speciation without geographic isolation is called sympatric speciation. This type of speciation can occur through various mechanisms such as polyploidy, natural selection or sexual selection, leading to reproductive isolation even though the species share the same habitat. It's contrasted with allopatric speciation, which involves physical geographic barriers leading to speciation. Sympatric speciation is less common but can be observed particularly in plants and certain groups of insects.

Learn more about Sympatric Speciation here:

https://brainly.com/question/32470756

#SPJ6

Which would be warmer, the water in the surface zone of the ocean 200 miles north of the equator, or 2,000 miles north of the equator? Explain why.

Answers

the water would be warmer 200 miles north of the equator than it would be 2000 north of the equator, because the closer you are to the equator the more sun light you get.

Why might the cellular response to a peptide hormone be expected to be rapid compared to the cellular response to a steroid hormone? see section 46.2 (page 967) ?

Answers

I think this is because peptide hormones are made in advance and stored in secretory vesicles while steroid hormones are synthesized on demand on precursors, thus the response of peptide hormones will be more rapid. Additionally the receptors for peptides are on the cell membrane while those for steroid hormones are located on cytoplasm or nucleus, some have receptors on the membrane also. 

Which muscle do clients need proper extensibility of before performing the ball medicine ball (mb) pullover throw exercise, in order to decrease stress to the low back and shoulders?

Answers

It is important to ensure that a client has proper extensibility of the latissimus dorsi muscle before performing the ball medicine ball (MB) pullover throw exercise to decrease stress to the low back and shoulders. These muscles connects the upper extremity to the vertebral column. They are responsible for extension, adduction, transverse extension also known as horizontal abduction, flexion from an extended position, and internal rotation of the shoulder joint. 

Most irregular galaxies are thought to have formed _____. from nebulas that cooled very quickly right after the big bang from cosmic background radiation from collisions between other galaxies

Answers

Most irregular galaxies are thought to have formed from collisions between other galaxies.

This is just one wat that irregular galaxies are formed; the collision is due to the interaction of their gravitational forces. These galaxies might have been regular before the collision, but are not deformed. 
Another form of irregular galaxies are the ones that are still very young and therefore have not yet reached their symmetrical state.
From collisions between other galaxies. 

Where does liquified food pass through the villi into the blood stream?

Answers

Digested food broken down in the small intestine is the size of molecules and can now pass through the villi into the blood stream through the process of diffusion. 

What substances move freely through the shell of the egg?

Answers

chorion, amnion, & alantosis

The correct answer is gases oxygen and carbon dioxide, which diffuse freely across the shell of an egg.  

The four specialized membranes of the amniotic egg are amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois. The chorion and the allantois exchange gases between the embryo and the air. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse freely across the shell.  

An eggshell refers to the outer covering of a hard-shelled egg and of some kinds of eggs with soft outer coats. The shells of the amniotic eggs are calcareous, formed of calcium carbonate.  


a limiting factor is always abiotic true or false

Answers

Answer:  "False" .  A "limiting factor" can be "biotic" as well as "abiotic".
__________________________________________________________

Morgan breeds and sells snakes. he knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. albinism is a recessive trait. his female albino corn snake just produced six offspring. two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. what do you know about the genotype of the baby snakes with the normal coloration?
a. they must be homozygous dominant.
b. they must be homozygous recessive.
c. they must be heterozygous.
d. they could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
e. there is not enough information to determine their genotype but we know that they must carry the dominant allele.

Answers

i want to say e but it may not be right

Based on the given information, we can determine that the genotype of the baby snakes with normal coloration could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant (option D).

What is albinism?

Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by a lack or reduction of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes. It is caused by a mutation in one or more genes that are responsible for the production of melanin, the pigment that gives color to our skin, hair, and eyes.

This mutation disrupts the normal production or distribution of melanin, resulting in a range of symptoms including very light or white hair, pale skin, and light-colored or pinkish eyes. People with albinism are often more sensitive to sunlight and have a higher risk of sunburn and vision problems. Albinism can occur in humans as well as in animals across various species.

Since four of the offspring were albino, it can be inferred that the female albino corn snake is homozygous recessive (aa) for the albinism trait.

Since the female snake produced offspring with normal coloration, it means that she must carry the dominant allele for coloration. The normal-colored baby snakes could have inherited either a dominant allele from the mother (Aa) or two dominant alleles (AA) if the mother is homozygous dominant. Therefore, the normal-colored baby snakes could be either heterozygous (Aa) or homozygous dominant (AA).

Learn more about albinism, here:

https://brainly.com/question/31808725

#SPJ2

I'm not quite sure which is the right answer and I wanted to get a seconed opinion. Does anyone know the answer?

How is the global human population projected to change in the next 40 years?

A) decrease exponentially

B) increase exponentially

C) stop increasing

D) begin increasing

Answers

B. Increase exponentially

Identify the pair of homologous structures. identify the pair of homologous structures. maple leaf and maple seed maple leaf and oak leaf neither of the above; plants do not have homologous structures.

Answers

I believe that a pair of homologous structures in this case is; Maple leaf and oak leaf. Homologous structures that have similar ancestries and common traits, however they may not have the same function in an organism. They appear in different animals or organisms, underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating a descent from a common ancestor. Examples include the arm of a human, the wing of a bird or a bat, the leg of a dog and the flipper of a dolphin or whale.

Maple and oak share the same ancestors, therefore, The answer to the above question is maple leaf and oak leaf.

Homologous structures are those structures which have the same line of structure but have different function. They are distinctly modified to perform specific tasks. Homologous structure have a common ancestor, or else there will be no similarity in their structures. An example of homologous structure is a Human hand and a bat wing, which are identical but have been adapted to serve different function in different species. Forelimbs of amphibian, reptilians and mammalian are examples of homologous structures.

Henceforth, the looking at the similarities' maple leaf and oak leaf are homologous structures.

Learn more about homologous structures, click here,

https://brainly.com/question/7904813

#SPJ6

The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are the: select one:
a. veins
b. venules
c. arteries
d. capillaries

Answers

The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are arteries. 



Hope this helps.

Compounds that inhibit receptors by preventing the natural messenger from binding are known as

Answers

Compounds that inhibit receptors by preventing the natural messenger from binding are known as antagonist.    

 Antagonists are molecules that will block the binding of the natural messenger at a receptor molecule. As a result, the signal which is usually produced by a receptor-messenger coupling will be inhibited. An antagonist can be a drug that blocks a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor.

The food additive red dye no. 2 is known to cause cancer. as such, it is a __________.

Answers

As such, it is a Carcinogen which is basically just a substance that is known to cause cancer.

Hope this helped :)

The specific chamber of the heart that is indicated by letter a is called the __________.

Answers

That would be the right atrium.

Hope that helps:)

The likely ancestors of tarsiers, monkeys, apes and humans are the:

Answers

The likely ancestors of tarsiers, monkeys, apes and humans are the omomyidae. 
Omomyidae is a family of early primates that radiated during the Eocene epoch between about 55 to 34 million years ago. They had the following characteristics: large orbits (eye sockets), shortened rostraand dental arcades, loss of anterior premolars, cheek teeth adapted for insectivorous or frugivorous diets, and relatively small body mass.

The likely ancestors of tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans are the omomyoids, which lived during the Eocene Epoch. Therefore, the correct option is: 4. omomyoids.

The likely ancestors of tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans are the omomyoids. These ancestral primates lived during the Eocene Epoch (about 56 to 34 million years ago) and are often considered a significant group in the evolutionary tree that led to modern elevated primates (anthropoids).

Omomyoids were small, nocturnal, arboreal creatures that exhibited many traits seen in the modern primates. These include grasping hands and feet, as well as forward-facing eyes that provide stereoscopic vision—traits beneficial for a life spent in the trees.

Key Characteristics of Omomyoids:

Small body sizeAdaptations for an arboreal lifestyleNocturnal habitsLarge eyes for enhanced night vision

Understanding these characteristics helps us appreciate the evolutionary steps leading from early primates to contemporary species, including humans.

What are the two networks of tubes in vascular plants called?

Answers

Xylem and phloem are the two networks of tubes in vascular plants.
Hope I helped :)

bio help! will mark brainliest
which of the following is an example of prezygotic isolating mechanisms?

a. two strains of rice produce a hybrid, which can produce fertile offspring, but its offspring is small and sterile.

b. a horse and a donkey may interbreed, but the offspring, a mule, is not fertile.

c. the sperm of species A dies when It comes in contact with the female reproductive tract of species B.

d. two salamander species mate, but the offspring does not complete development and dies.

I think its b, but I'm not too good with stuff like this. So I thought I'd get a second opinion (and an explanation?). thank you tons!

Answers

Hi there!

A prezygotic isolating mechanism is a mechanism that causes something to happen, not allowing the organisms to breed before fertilization. I'll explain each one for you.

A - That is postzygotic because the organisms were not stopped before fertilization. The result is a sterile organism.
B - Again, that is postzygotic because the organism was produced. 
C - This is prezygotic! The sperm dying shows that something is in action to prevent fertilization, meaning that it cannot happen.
D - Fertilization was successful, so it is postzygotic.

ANSWER:
C - the sperm dies when it reaches the female tract

If you need help with any more problems, feel free to message me and I'd be more than happy to help you work through them and provide explanations.

Hope this helps!! :)
If there's anything else that I can help you with, please let me know!
Hey there! 

I think it's C, if you need anything feel free too ask. I would love too help! <3


A homoplasmic cell carries
a. a mixture of organelle genomes.
b. only one type of organelle dna.
c. only one mitochondrion.
d. two identical nuclei.
e. only linear chromosomes.

Answers

I don't know the answer i am so sorry.
Final answer:

A homoplasmic cell carries only one type of organelle DNA, referring specifically to the genetic makeup of the mitochondria within the eukaryotic cells.(Option B)

Explanation:

A homoplasmic cell refers to one in which all of the cell's mitochondria contain the same genetic makeup. Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles in eukaryotic cells and they contain their own small circular DNA (mtDNA). Therefore, homoplasmic cells carry only one type of organelle DNA in all their mitochondria.

These mitochondria are passed from the mother to the offspring and are not mixed with paternal mitochondria, ensuring that the mtDNA is nearly identical across all mitochondria within an individual. It's important to note that having a homoplasmic cell does not pertain to the number of mitochondria, chromosome structure, or nuclear constitution within the cell.

The correct answer to the question 'A homoplasmic cell carries' is b. only one type of organelle DNA.

Learn more about homoplasmic cell here:

https://brainly.com/question/37298414

#SPJ2

Other Questions
On many advanced routers and switches, you can implement qos through bandwidth management, such as __________, where you control the flow of packets into or out of the network according to the type of packet or other rules quislet the art or skill of speaking or writing formally and effectively , especially as a way to persuade or influence people is ?A - deductive reasoningB - rhetoric C - pathosD - inductive reasoning What has hampered efforts to improve conditions for most people in india? NEED HELP PLZ Eli Whitneys invention of the cotton gin transformed the nature of U.S. slavery in the early 1800s. Enslavement grew larger and more profitable than ever before in the nations history. While Southern states took steps to protect the practice, a growing antislavery movement was brewing in the North. Both free and enslaved African Americans took great risk in supporting abolition or aiding escaped slaves. They inspire modern movements to protect equal rights and protection for all. Now that you are familiar with the cotton gin, the Underground Railroad, and key abolitionists, you will reflect on your learning by answering questions. You will answer each question with a paragraph of complete sentences of your own words. Be sure to mention specific events, people, and terms from the lesson to support your answer. How did the invention of the cotton gin affect slavery in the United States? What was the Underground Railroad? Your response needs to include and explain the terms conductor, lines, station, and freight. How did men like William Lloyd Garrison, Reverend Lovejoy, and Fredrick Douglass participate in the abolitionist movement? Factor this expression.3x2 6x A.3(x 2) B.3(x2 2) C.3x(x2 2) D.3x(x 2) Which author motivation best matches this conflict? Logarithmic Functions Question, Many PointsI got the first part of this question correct, I believe.I was supposed to find the graph with a base of 3 (attached), but now I need to justify my answers, which I don't understand. Here are the choices:The graph of f(x)= log_3 x+c must intersect with the line y= c+1 when x= 3.The graph of f(x)= log_3 x+c must intersect with the line y= c when x= 3.The graph of f(x)= log_3 x+c must intersect with the line x= c when y= 3.The graph of f(x)= log_3 x+c must intersect with the line x= c+1 when y= 3. In this passage, how does the speaker's point of view support the tone?Diana finally appeared, wearing a gown that looked like she had been dipped in liquid gold. Her smile instantly charmed each person she passed, and they all seemed happy to just bask in her glow. If she lifted her lashes to look you in the eye, it was a compliment you wouldn't forget. A.Because the speaker describes Diana in detail, the passage has a judgmental tone. B.Because the speaker admires Diana, the passage has a positive tone. C.Because the speaker seems jealous of Diana, the passage has a judgmental tone. D.Because the speaker uses positive imagery, the passage has a positive tone. Mrs. Jones Algebra 2 class scored very well on yesterday's quiz. With one exception, everyone received an A. Within how many standard deviations from the mean do all the quiz grades fall?91, 92, 94, 88, 96, 99, 91, 93, 94, 97, 95, 97 A. 1B. 2C. 4D. 3 Which of the following is not true of the xylem? A. Contains water B. Comprised of living cells C. Has thick cells wallsD. Contains dissolved minerals Which is true of auxins?A. Affect mitosis B. Open the stomataC. Concentration is gravity dependent D. Control leaf budding find the difference. express your answer in simplest form. (4r/s) - (r/s) What is the area of the rhombus shown below? A. 110.5 square units B. 129.2 square units C. 221 square units D. 15 square units What is the population of Mexico? Approximately 100 million Approximately 187 million Approximately 124 million Approximately 69 million which of the following was a cause of the Great Depression 3. Jared has two ropes. Each rope is 9 inches long. How many inches of rope does he have in all? The large mound of seawater that builds up during hurricanes is called a __________. What was the major concern of the neoconservatives? A) traditional valuesB) Strong national defenseC)anti communism D) economic growth The domain of f(x)=2logx+3 is x > 3.true.false. Teds healthcare practitioner has recommended that he undergo surgery as his first treatment. What could be the likely reason? Teds BMI is above 50. Someone please help me?