Name and briefly describe the three essential principles of test construction ap psych

Answers

Answer 1
The three essential principles of test construction are listed below:
I. Standardization
II. Reliability
III. Validity


Standardization- To standardize a test means that test is given to a large, representative sample of people, in order to establish the norms that future test takers are compared against (using a normal distribution)

Reliability - This principle requires that a test must produce reliable, consistent results when it is repeated. The reliability of a test can be verified using the test-retest method or the split-half method.

Validity - This refers to the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure.
Answer 2

Psychological Test Construction is the standardized test to understand the individual behavior, thinking, and feeling. Three essential principles are:

Standardization.Reliability.Validity.

Three essential principles are defined as:

Standardization is referred to as the establishment of norms or rules for the test. The test is conducted on a large number of people to establish the norms against future patients. Reliability is the principle that results in consistent and reliable results. The reliability of the test can be verified by using the test-retest method. Validity refers to the ability of the test to determine optimum results when used with corresponding tests.

Therefore, three principles are standardization, reliability, and validity.

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Related Questions

Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in ________.
a.a hypotonic solution
b.blood plasma
c.a hypertonic solution

Answers

I believe that Crenation (shrinking) s likely to occur in blood cells when immersed in Hypertonic solution. The shrinking occurs because the red blood cells looses water osmotically to the outside environment and shrinks, then becomes crenated. We have three types of solution. An isotonic solution is a solution with equal solvent and solvent molecules. A hyperonic solution is a solution with more solute molecules than solvent molecules, for example a solution of with more salt molecules than water molecules. A hypotonic solution is a solution with more solvent molecules (water molecules) than solute molecules (salt).

Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in C) a hypertonic solution.

In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes outside the blood cells is higher than inside the cells. As a result, water molecules tend to move out of the cells through osmosis, leading to a loss of water and the subsequent shrinkage of the cells.

This can occur when blood cells are exposed to a solution with a higher salt concentration or other solutes. Conversely, in a hypotonic solution where the concentration of solutes outside the cells is lower, water molecules will move into the cells, causing them to swell and potentially burst. In blood plasma, which is isotonic to blood cells, there is no net movement of water, and the cells maintain their normal shape and size.

Therefore, the correct answer is C) a hypertonic solution.

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You are working in the emergency department of a regional hospital in rural kentucky. a patient is brought in by emergency medical technicians (emt's). their initial report is suspected meningitis because the patient has a headache and stiff neck. the emts add that the patient's meningitis symptoms appear rather mild – he still has neck movement, and the headaches are not severe. the patient's overall condition is poor, however. he is very thin, has dark spots on his face and upper body, and open bloody-looking eruptions on his lips. his fever is 104 0 f, and his blood pressure is low. he also has severe diarrhea. 1. what is the first step in determining if the patient has meningitis? 2. this test reveals the presence of very large cells that appear to be eukaryotic, surrounded by a large capsule. what is the probable diagnosis? name some other eukaryotic organisms that can cause meningitis symptoms. 3. what groups of people are at risk for this infection? 4. how is

Answers

 1.  Meningitis is an infection of meninges, the membrane that protects the brain. To prove there is an infection in the brain, you can take a specimen of cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture. The sample can be examined microscopically (for the presence of bacteria and leukocyte) or chemically(by looking at the protein count).


2. Cerebrospinal fluid should be sterile so the presence of eukaryotic cells means that the patient is meninges infected by bacteria. The diagnosis probably is meningitis bacteria. The capsule indicates the bacteria is Neisseria meningitidis, make the diagnosis become meningococcal meningitis.
Meningitis could also caused by Listeria monocytogenes, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or a virus.

3. The site of infection of meningitis could be from blood or direct contact to the cerebrospinal fluid. 
Direct contact needs an open wound from the skull or the vertebrae that allow the invasion. Any accident that has enough force to fracture the skull be at risk.
Bacteria can spread from blood in case of sepsis. Immunocompromised patient has a higher risk. Children, incomplete vaccination and living in high-density community also increase the risk.

How many amino acids would be made from the strand in question 2

Answers

So remember, transcription is DNA to RNA. The coding for that is T=A, A=U, C=G, G=C. So your coding would be AUGGGGCUC.
For question three you’d have 3 amino acids. Remember that one amino acid is made of 3 letters, or codons. So if you divide your stand up you’ll get 3. 3 amino acids. Hope this helped.






What is the process in which immigrants are absorbed into the larger host society?

Answers

The process is called Cultural Assimilation

One ozone molecule contains three _____ of oxygen.

Answers

One ozone molecule contains three atoms of oxygen.

Ozone (O3) is a triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms. Ozone is an allotropic oxygen modification that is much more unstable than the usual dual-atomic form, O2. O3 is generally present in the Earth's atmosphere: in layers of soil it is one of the most dangerous contaminants with harmful effects on the lungs; ozone in the upper layers of the atmosphere prevents the penetration of harmful ultraviolet rays to the Earth's surface.


Ozone consists of three oxygen atoms, for a total of 18 valence electrons. These can be equivalently distributed in two ways:

In pea plants, yellow seeds (y) are dominant to green seeds (y) and round seeds (r) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r). the genes for seed color and seed shape are on different chromosomes. two true-breeding parents, one with yellow round peas and the other with green wrinkled peas, are crossed. what are the genotypes of the parents, and what kind of gametes will they produce?

Answers

This can be most efficiently answered using a Punnett square for crossing between YYRR and yyrr  (true breeding parents, so homozygous)

               yyrr
YYRR    YyRr        
So the only possible genotype of offsprings is YyRr, and the phenotype are yellow and round.

Final answer:

The true-breeding parents of yellow round peas and green wrinkled peas have genotypes RRYY and rryy, respectively. They will produce RY and ry gametes and all F1 offspring will display the yellow round seed phenotype with a genotype of RrYy.

Explanation:

In pea plants, the genotype for yellow round seeds is RRYY, where 'R' represents the dominant round trait and 'Y' represents the dominant yellow color. The green wrinkled seeds have the genotype rryy, where 'r' is the recessive wrinkled trait and 'y' is the recessive green color. When these two plants are crossed, the genotypes of the parents would be RRYY (yellow round) and rryy (green wrinkled). Because these are true-breeding plants, they are homozygous for their respective traits.

The gametes produced by each parent will reflect one allele for each trait. The round yellow parent (RRYY) will produce gametes with the RY allele, and the green wrinkled parent (rryy) will produce gametes with the ry allele. When these gametes combine during fertilization, all the F1 offspring will have the genotype RrYy, which are dihybrids, displaying the dominant phenotype of yellow round seeds.

The patient is scheduled to have an eeg to confirm the presence of a sleep disorder. the patient asks the nurse to describe stage iv nrem sleep. what is the best response by the nurse?

Answers

The best response by the nurse is, this is the deepest stage of sleep and without it, you will be tired and depressed. In addition, an electroencephalogram or as called as (EEG) is a noninvasive test that registers electrical configurations in the brain. The examination is used to diagnose circumstances such as confiscations, epilepsy, head damages, faintness, headaches, brain tumors and sleeping disorders. It can also be used to settle brain bereavement.

The complete set of genes that makes up a person's heredity is called
a. a genotype
b. deoxyribonucleic acid
c. an allele
d. a phenotype

Answers

Your answer would be A genotype. :)

Which of the three types of viruses shown above would you expect to include glycoproteins?

Answers

The viruses labeled with I and II in the picture presented below have a viral envelope, an outer layer of the viral particle that contains various glycoproteins.
These structures on the envelope are key factors in virus-cell recognition and viral infection of the cell. 
The correct answer is D: I and II only.
Viruses have protein capsids, which protect their genetic material. This capsid sometimes is covered by viral envelopes which have glycoproteins on their surface. Glycoproteins help in the process of binding to the host cell and infecting it. In this example, virus III has the structure of a bacteriophage and it does not seem to have glycoproteins. Bacteriophages use their tail fibers to attach to the bacterial host and inject their genetic material. On the contrary, viruses I and II have glycoproteins sticking out of their envelopes.

If you were standing under the tree which object would appear to be moving

Answers

the leaves would appear to be moving

The conjunction fallacy describes how people are more likely to think _____ than that _____. two events occur together; either individual event occurs separately individual events occur separately; four events occur together two events occur separately; four events occur together individual events occur separately; the two events occur together

Answers

The conjunction fallacy describes how people are more likely to think two events occur together than that either individual event occurs separately. Conjunction fallacy is a theory that assumes people are more willing to take risks so as to avoid losses than to achieve gains. It occurs when we assume specific conditions are more probable than a single one.

Small secondary lymphoid organs, which cluster along lymphatic vessels, are termed ________.

Answers

Lymph nodes. They comprise the lymphatic system that connects to the blood circulatory system.  They are significant in the immune system. At the lymph nodes, foreign bodies in the lymph, such as pathogens, are filtered and trapped in lymph nodes where they are later destroyed by lymphocytes.


People with dark brown eyes have greater amounts of the protein melanin in their irises than people with light blue eyes. The amount of melanin produced is a direct result of _________.
Select one:

Environmental conditions

Their personality

The foods they received as children

DNA

Answers

DNA??? I’m not sure but I’m saying DNA hope I helped!

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) _____________ .

Answers

There are choices for this question namely: 

A) tonsil
B) thymus
C) Peyer's patch
D) appendix

The correct answer is "tonsil". Tonsils are lymphoid tissue that is found in the oral mucosa. The tonsils are arranged in a ring-like fashion called the Waldeyer's ring. This ring comprises of two tubal tonsils, two palatine tonsils, one adenoid tonsil, and one lingual tonsils. In cases of infection involving the oral mucosa and the pharynx, the tonsils become inflamed as well and the condition is called acute tonsillopharyngitis.

Fossil fuels are formed by the decomposition of dead plants and animals which flow chart describes the correct energy transformation when a car burns fossil fuels to accelerate

Answers

Final answer:

Fossil fuels are sources of stored solar energy that, when burned in a car engine, undergo a transformation from chemical energy to thermal, then mechanical, and finally kinetic energy, in accordance with the law of conservation of energy.

Explanation:

Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are energy sources with a high hydrocarbon content that have formed in the Earth's crust from the anaerobic decomposition of dead plants and animals over millions of years. The transformation process involved in the formation of these fuels includes the conversion of the energy from sunlight into vegetation, followed by chemical changes due to high pressures and temperatures over geological times without oxygen.

When a car burns fossil fuels to accelerate, the correct energy transformation flow chart would show the following sequence: chemical energy from the fuel is first transformed into thermal energy due to combustion. Then, this thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy by the engine, which ultimately leads to kinetic energy as the car accelerates.

According to the law of conservation of energy, energy is never lost but merely changed from one form to another. This is evident in the process of fossil fuel combustion in car engines, where the ancient solar energy stored in these fuels is released and transformed to power the vehicle.

Which of the following do not require enzymes to break them down to smaller units before being absorbed?

Answers

There are choices for this question namely:

proteins
starches
disaccharides
monosaccharides

The correct answer is "monosaccharides". Monosaccharides are the most basic form of sugar that can be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. When we consume carbohydrates in the form of complex carbohydrates (i.e. starch) it needs to be acted upon by enzymes (initially, amylase) to break it down to smaller dextrans and disaccharides. Disaccharides will be further broken down by disaccharidases in the intestines to monosaccharides for them to be absorbed.

Proteins are acted upon by pancreatic enzymes to break it down to smaller peptides.

Which of the following statements characterizes an excitatory neuron?

It sends an impulse back to the cell body of a neuron.
It helps carry an impulse to the next neuron.
It stops the passage of an impulse at a neuron.

Answers

It sends an impulse back to the cell body of a neuron

Final answer:

An excitatory neuron facilitates the transfer of an impulse to the next neuron by releasing neurotransmitters at synapses, which then activate the subsequent neuron, enabling transmission of the neural signal.

Explanation:

Characteristics of an excitatory neuron include its ability to facilitate the movement of an impulse to the next neuron. This is achieved by the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, which carry the nerve impulse from one neuron to another. Within a neuron, the dendrites receive incoming signals and transfer the impulse to the soma (cell body). The axon hillock then integrates these signals and if the threshold of excitation is met, an action potential is generated. The axon carries this action potential away from the cell body towards other cells, ultimately reaching specialized endings called axon terminals where neurotransmitters are released. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, opening ion channels, allowing for the continuation of the impulse.

________ is a compound stored in the muscles to replenish atp stores.

Answers

Creatine phosphate is a compound that is stored in the muscles to replenish atp stores. 

What strand of mrna would be produced from the strand of dna shown below?gct aag?

Answers

I believe the strand of mRNA that would be produced will be CGA UUC. mRNA is formed from the process of transcription which takes place in the nucleus where DNA molecule acts as primer, catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. One of the differences between DNA and RNA is that the nucleotide base Tyamine (T) is replaced by uracil (U) when forming RNA molecule. 

Compare the fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation and in lactic acid fermentation

Answers

I believe During alcoholic fermentation; Pyruvate is reduced to ethanol in two steps which include; Pyruvate loses carbon dioxide and is converted to the two carbon compound which is oxidized into acetaldehyde. NADH is oxidized to NAD+ and acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol. Many bacteria and yeast carry out alcohol fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
On the other hand, During lactic Acid fermentation Pyruvate is reduced to lactate, coupled by the oxidation of NADH to NAD+. This reaction is used in the production of commercially important products such as cheese and yogurt. When oxygen is scarce human cells switch to lactic acid fermentation from aerobic fermentation. Lactate accumulates, but it is gradually taken to the liver where it is converted back to pyruvate when oxygen becomes available.

Answer:

Fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation:

Alcoholic fermentation may be defined as a type of metabolic pathway in which occurs generally in the yeast and microorganism. This process occurs in the absence of oxygen. The end products are ethanol, carbon dioxide and ATP from the pyruvate molecule.

Fate of pyruvate in lactic acid fermentation:

Lactic acid fermentation may be defined as the metabolic pathway that generally occurs in the muscle cells. This process occurs in the limited supply of oxygen. The end products are lactic acids and ATP from the pyruvate molecule.

Help please asap be very thankful

Answers

It is probably the type of environment they live in

All the different populations living in the same habitat or ecosystem make up __________.
biodiversity
ecosystem diversity
genetic diversity
species diversity

Answers

The answer is D. species diversity. This is because biodiversity,  refers to all the many plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. It also includes the variety of ecosystems found on Earth. Ecosystem diversity, describes all of the habitats around the world. Genetic diversity, describes the variety of genetic traits we observe in a species. Species diversity describes all the different populations living in the same habitat or ecosystem. So, your answer is D. If your still unsure, I just took this quiz and got 100%. Hope this helps!

All the different populations living in the same habitat or ecosystem make up species diversity.

What do you mean by species diversity?

Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented in a given community. The effective number of species refers to the number of equally abundant species needed to obtain the same mean proportional species abundance as that observed in the dataset of interest.

Moreover, it is defined as the number of different species present in an ecosystem and relative abundance of each of those species.” Diversity is greatest when all the species present are equally abundant in the area.

Therefore, many factors affect small-scale species richness, including geographic (e.g. species pool, dispersal), biotic (e.g. competition, predation, facilitation) and abiotic (e.g. resource availability, environmental heterogeneity, disturbance frequency and intensity).

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A jaguar that eats it's prey and then bounds across the rainforest after another possible meal is representing the characteristic of obtaining and using energy. T/F

Answers

True. He obtains energy then uses it to get more.








Why is algae classified in the Protist Kingdom and not the Plant Kingdom even though they are photosynthetic? Research why some scientists feel they should be classified as plants.

Answers

Algae (Euglena) do photosynthesis as plants do. They also move around and eat, as do animals. But they are unicellular. In order to be classified as a plant or animal, an organism has to be multicellular, made of more than one cell. Since it is a unicellular organism with some plant and animal characteristics, it is called a protist. Plant cells have walls while algae does't have one, so it is a protozoan. Algae resemble the protozoa, so they are put into the Protist Kingdom. 

Which of the following would describe Lamarck’s ideas about evolution? Horses and zebras are similar. They have a common ancestor.

A mouse loses its tail in a fight. Its offspring will not have tails.

Wolves eat most of the rabbits in a field. A few smart rabbits find hiding places. They survive and reproduce.

Answers

The second statement: 'A mouse loses its tail in a fight. Its offspring will not have tails' best describes Lamarck’s ideas on evolution. Lamarck believed that traits developed during an individuals lifetime would be passed on to the individuals offspring. This is on contrast to Darwin's theory of Natural Selection: Individuals with a competitive edge within a population are more likely to survive and reproduce, thereby passing their genes explaining that particular phenotype to the next generation.  

Answer:

A mouse loses its tail in a fight. Its offspring will not have tails.

According to the dichotomous key, in what way(s) is the house sparrow similar to the cobra?

Answers

D) Both are bot a mammal, are multicellular, and are heterotrophic.

in a strike-slip fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little a. noise. b. shaking. c. up-or-down motion. d. movement.

Answers

C. They have little up-or-down motion; mainly just lateral motion is taking place
i think it is c. up-or-down motion

In pea plants, yellow seeds (y) are dominant and green seeds (y) are recessive. a pea plant with yellow seeds is crossed with a pea plant with green seeds. the resulting offspring have about equal numbers of yellow and green seeded plants. what are the genotypes of the parents?

Answers

To get the result of having 50% of recessive phenotype (green seeds), it is necessary to have a homozygous recessive parent (yy) crossed with a heterozygous parent (Yy) in order to achieve the 50% Yy (yellow, dominant) and 50% (yy, green, recessive).

The Punnett square below illustrates the above result:
         y    y
Y     Yy  Yy
y      yy   yy

So we get 50% Yy(heterogous, yellow dominant) and 50% yy (homozygous recessive, green).
Final answer:

The parental genotypes for the pea plants are Yy for the yellow-seeded parent and yy for the green-seeded parent, which explains the equal numbers of yellow and green seeded offspring.

Explanation:

Understanding Parental Genotypes in Pea Plants

In pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant (Y) and green seeds are recessive (y). Given that a cross between a pea plant with yellow seeds and one with green seeds yields offspring with about an equal number of yellow and green seeds, we can deduce the genotypes of the parents. The parent with yellow seeds must be heterozygous (Yy) because they contribute both the dominant and recessive alleles. The green-seeded parent is homozygous recessive (yy) because green is the recessive trait and can only be expressed phenotypically when two recessive alleles are present.

To predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring, a Punnett square analysis can be employed. In this scenario, the Punnett square would show 50% of the offspring having yellow seeds (Yy) and 50% with green seeds (yy), supporting the observation of equal numbers of yellow and green seeded plants among the offspring.

the coarse adjustment knob may be used in focusing with all objective lenses?
True or False

Answers

False. The coarse adjustment knob may be used in focusing with low power objective lenses.

This answer would be True

Which type of selection is illustrated by these two graphs?

Answers

Hello!

The type of selection which is illustrated by these two graphs is a Stabilizing Selection

Among the different types of Natural Selection. Stabilizing Selection is the one that happened to the parrot population in the rainforest in Costa Rica. This is characterized by the selection against the extremes of an attribute and reinforcement of the mean, that's why this type of selection is also called Selection towards the mean.

In this case, there was selection against the parrots with colored feathers other than green that didn't help them to camouflage in the rainforest. 

Have a nice day!


Answer:

stabilizing

Explanation:

i just took this.

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