Name at least two ways that fungi can be beneficial for us.

A procedure humans may have used to produce broccoli which has small flowers and thick stems is called selective breeding.

Selective breeding may be defined as a type of breeding through which parents with specific attributes are utilized and bred together in order to produce offspring with more desirable characteristics. This type of breeding is also known as artificial selection.

According to the context of this question, humans generally used this methodology of artificial selection and bred plants and animals for thousands of years. This mode of breeding is generally utilized in order to yield higher crop productivity with disease-resistant plants. Apart from this, other traits are also desirable with respect to condition.

Therefore, selective breeding is a procedure that humans may used to produce broccoli which has small flowers and thick stems.

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The steps are:

1. The eye cells (photoreceptors) receive light signal.

2. Transduction of light to a neural signal (nerve impulse)

3. Transmission of nerve impulses to the brain via optic nerve (afferent nerve)

4. Brain translates the signal  

5. Nerve impulses is transmitted from the brain to the muscles via efferent nerves.

Jorge's eye cells communicate with his muscle cells through a series of steps beginning with the activation of photoreceptors in the retina, conversion of light into electrical impulses, signal processing in the brain, and finally, transmission of signals to the muscles to initiate movement towards the light.

When Jorge wants to move towards light, a complex process involving the eyes and the nervous system takes place. Once light enters his eyes and strikes the retina, it passes through several layers of neuronal cells before activating the photoreceptors, specifically known as rods and cones. These photoreceptors convert the light into electrical impulses.

These impulses travel through the retinal layers to the optic nerve, then continue to the thalamus, and finally reach the primary visual cortex in the brain. Here, the brain processes information about the light, including its orientation and movement, and determines the required response.

The brain sends signals via motor neurons to the muscle cells, which initiate the physical action of walking towards the light. Thus, eye cells communicate with muscle cells through a series of electrical and chemical messages facilitated by the nervous system.

Temperature and salinity fundamentally influence deep water currents by affecting the density of seawater, where colder and saltier water sinks, driving the global thermohaline circulation. This process regulates climate, transports nutrients, and supports deep sea ecosystems.

The deep currents of the ocean, known as thermohaline circulation, are primarily driven by variations in water density, which is a direct result of changes in temperature and salinity. This process is essential in distributing heat and nutrients across the globe, influencing both marine ecosystems and climate patterns.

Temperature and salinity play a crucial role in determining the density of seawater. Colder water and higher salinity levels increase seawater density, causing it to sink and create deep ocean currents. Conversely, warmer, less saline water has a lower density and tends to remain on the surface.

Deep currents emerge as cold, highly saline water is produced near the poles, where seawater freezes, leaving behind saltier water that sinks into the ocean depths. This sinking water, known as downwelling, then travels across the ocean basins, mixing with less dense water. As dense water sinks, it displaces the water below, contributing to the global-scale circulation pattern known as the thermohaline circulation.

These currents are vital for the transport of nutrients and oxygen, supporting deep sea ecosystems. Additionally, they play a significant role in regulating the Earth's climate by transporting heat from the equator towards the poles. The interaction between temperature, salinity, and ocean currents also affects coastal climates and marine biodiversity.

In summary, temperature and salinity are fundamental in shaping the characteristics and movement of deep water currents through their influence on water density. These deep currents are not only crucial for the marine life but also significantly impact global climate and weather patterns.

Answer:

I think they might be in the same kingdom

Explanation:

Viruses cannot reproduce by themselves. They rely on host cells to replicate their genes and proteins, essentially taking over the host cell's reproductive mechanisms.

Viruses are unique in that they cannot reproduce on their own. They depend on the cells of a 'host' organism for their reproduction. The process typically begins when a virus attaches to a host cell and injects its genetic material (either DNA or RNA) into the cell. This viral genetic material then uses the host cell's machinery to replicate its own genes and proteins. These new viral components are then assembled into new viruses, which are released from the host cell to infect other cells. This process effectively takes control of the host cell's reproductive mechanisms for the benefit of the virus, often to the detriment of the host.

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Dwarf planets are worlds that are too small to be considered full-fledged planets, but too large to fall into smaller categories.

In recent years, there's been a lot of hubbub about Pluto losing its status as one of the planets of the solar system. Pluto is no longer considered the ninth planet in the series of major planetary objects, but instead is now just one of the many so-called "dwarf planets." The debate started anew after the New Horizons mission passed by Pluto in 2015, revealing a world of surprising geological complexity. As of 2017, delegates from the mission are trying to get Pluto's planethood status back. 

Astronomers estimate that there could be as many as 200 dwarf planets in the solar system and the Kuiper Belt. But the differences between planets and dwarf planets may not be obvious at first. 

The International Astronomical Union defines a planet as being in orbit around the sun, has enough gravity to pull its mass into a rounded shape (hydrostatic equilibrium), and has cleared its orbit of other, smaller objects. This last criterion is the point at which planets and dwarf planets differ. A planet's gravity either attracts or pushes away the smaller bodies that would otherwise intersect its orbit; the gravity of a dwarf planet is not sufficient to make this happen. [Meet the Dwarf Planets of the Solar System]

As of 2014, the IAU recognizes five named dwarf planets: Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake. But those aren't the only ones. Other solar system bodies that are possibly dwarf planets include Sedna and Quaoar, small worlds far beyond Pluto's orbit, and 2012 VP113, an object that is thought to have one of the most distant orbits found beyond the known edge of our solar system. The object DeeDee could also be a dwarf planet, according to observations made in 2017. According to NASA, scientists think that there may be more than a hundred dwarf planets awaiting discovery.

However, the debate over the status of dwarf planets, particularly Pluto, remains a hot topic. The primary concern stems from the requirement for a planet to clear out its local neighborhood.

"In no other branch of science am I familiar with something that absurd," New Horizons principle investigator Alan Stern told Space.com in 2011. "A river is a river, independent of whether there are other rivers nearby. In science, we call things what they are based on their attributes, not what they're next to."

Is a dwarf planet a separate entity from a planet, or simply another classification? The question may not be settled in the near future.

Answer: A) The use of freon and CFC spray propellants.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are compounds  that are used as propellents in the spray cans and in refrigerators. These are manufactured under the trade name of Freon. Freon is a CFC that contains fluoride as a main ingredient. These CFCs are released in the atmosphere and they accumulate in the stratospheric layer. The ozone layer is present in the stratosphere shields the Earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays. The CFC molecules breaks down by the ultra violet radiations. The released chlorine atoms or fluorine atoms reacts with the ozone molecules resulting in the removal of ozone layer from the stratosphere. This is called as ozone layer depletion.  

Answer:

it is c silver

Explanation:

because

1) the S-phase before mitosis nd meiosis

2) the number of chromosomes only  doubles when two haploid gametes form to produce a diploid zygote. for example: in humans, the sperm cells and eggs have 23 chromosomes , which is the haploid number

Final answer:

Among the given options of light wave, matter wave, sound wave, and water wave, light waves are the fastest, traveling at a constant speed of c (approximately 3 x 10⁸ m/s) in a vacuum, regardless of the observer's frame of reference.

Explanation:

The student has asked, "Which of the following waves travels the fastest?" The options given are light wave, matter wave, sound wave, and water wave. In physics, these waves travel at different speeds within their respective mediums.

Light waves are known to travel at a constant speed, denoted as c, which is approximately 3 x 10⁸ meters per second in a vacuum and is the fastest speed in the universe. This means that, regardless of the observer's frame of reference, light will always travel at this speed, which makes it the fastest wave among the options provided.

On the other hand, sound waves travel at varying speeds depending on the medium. In air at 20°C, sound waves travel at about 343.5 m/s, which is significantly slower than light. Water waves travel even more slowly, with typical speeds of just a few meters per second. As for matter waves, these are subject to the properties of the particles that constitute them and the medium they're traveling through, making them generally slower than light waves as well.

Therefore, among the given options, light waves travel the fastest.

Answer:

The correct answer will be option-D

Explanation:

A cell divides into many phases which takes place in a cyclic manner. This cyclic division is known as the cell cycle and the phases are known as the cell division.  The cell cycle involves interphase in which the cell prepares itself for division and the M phase in which the cell division takes place.

The M phase proceeds in four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

In the given question, Illustration D represents the anaphase stage of the M phase as it is marked by the movement of the sister chromatids of the chromosomes to opposite poles by the mitotic spindle which is followed by the telophase observed in illustration E.

Thus, option-D is the correct answer.

The appropriate diagram representing Anaphase, within the context of mitosis, is D) Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Cytokinesis. This sequence of stages reasonably depicts the process of mitosis.

The correct answer to the given question is option D).

The student's question requires selecting the illustration (A, B, C, or D) that correctly shows the sequence of stages in mitosis, specifically, locating anaphase.

Anaphase is the third stage of mitosis, characterized by the separation of sister chromatids that form individual chromosomes. These chromosomes are drawn to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring that each new daughter cell will have an identical set of genetic information.

Based on the provided sequences for each lettered diagram, the correct choice would be D) Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Cytokinesis. This sequence correctly represents the stages in the progression of mitosis.

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The social, political, and economic issues that affect science are:

1. Social issues in science are concerned with the controversies involving the impact of science and technology on human life. For example, the use of stem cells and the cloning of some genes are the primary issues of social concerns.

2. The scientific processes or research involves the different types of investment, rates of exchange, and efficiency of factories, labs, and industries that impacts the economy of a country.

3. The use of political powers such using corruption, human rights, powerful people controlling the society can alter the research and scientific processes.

Thus, the social, political, and economic issues affect the science and research processes.

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Answer:

can cause people to reject unfamiliar things

Explanation:

Mere-exposure effect is a concept in psychology which explains the effect of exposure to a particular thing, situation or person. According to it people tend to get comfortable around things they are exposed to more. This can lead them to reject other alternative options. The effect has been observed in various instances like paintings, sounds, Chinese characters etc. With respect to human relationship it means the more a person is exposed to someone, the more they like them. Mere exposure effect can lead to development of aversion to unfamiliar things in people.

Answer:

The size of a population increases when the number of births is greater than the number of deaths. The size of the population decreases when the number of births is less than the number of deaths.

Explanation:

The size of a population can increase or decrease due to the influence of several factors. However, in summary, we can say that the size of a population increases when the number of births is greater than the number of deaths. This can be influenced by the quality habitat, excess natural resources such as food and water, reduced number of predators, among others.

On the other hand, the size of the population decreases when the number of births is less than the number of deaths, this can occur through the unavailability of safety habitat, lack of natural resources, existence of a disease or pest, excess of predators, among others .

The size of a population can increase through birth rates and immigration, representing the addition of individuals. It can decrease through death rates and emigration, which represent the removal or departure of individuals.

The size of a population can increase and decrease through various mechanisms. An increase can typically occur through birth rates and immigration. Birth rates refer to the number of new individuals born into the population, and immigration refers to the arrival of individuals from other populations. Conversely, a decrease in population size can be brought about by death rates and emigration. Death rates relate to the number of individuals dying in the population, while emigration means the departures of individuals to other populations.

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The coding region of DNA is responsible for encoding proteins through a process called translation.

A DNA sequence responsible for coding a protein is called the coding region. Within the coding region, the nucleotide sequence of the gene is translated into the amino acid sequence of the protein. This process is known as translation and is directed by the genetic code, which consists of triplet codons within the mRNA sequence that correspond to specific amino acids.

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Wrong. It's human activity

The answer is C. human activity

Answer:

Adds More ATP

Answer: Option B; photosynthesis

Explanation: Carbon is present in the atmosphere in gaseous form as carbon dioxide majorly. And, only plants can take up CO2 and use it to make glucose. This reaction takes place through photosynthesis, taking place in the leaves of the plants. Rest activities mentioned in option A, C and D, these all release CO2 into the atmosphere.

Answer: cyanobacteria

Explanation:

The organisms that live in a Prairie ecosystem may include Grass and mushroom.

An ecosystem may be defined as an area or place where individuals of different species live together and interact with one another for the purpose of food, shelter, space, and mating partner.

A Prairie ecosystem may be characterized as a unique type of ecosystem that is significantly dominated by grasses and other non-woody plants called forbs.

Some of the animals that are present in the same ecosystem may include Bison, jackrabbits, Owls, Coyotes, Rattlesnakes, etc. Additionally, there are many fungi, such as mushrooms, bacteria, insects, and grasshoppers may also present.

Therefore, the organisms that live in a Prairie ecosystem may include Grass and mushroom.

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