Nattentional ________ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to a lack of attention.

Final answer:

Theories of child growth and development differ in the developmental perspective of continuous vs. discontinuous growth and the behavioral perspective focusing on observable behaviors.

Explanation:

Theories of child growth and development can be grouped into different viewpoints, particularly developmental versus behavioral perspectives. The developmental perspective includes several approaches where one can argue whether development is continuous or discontinuous.

Continuous development views growth as constant and cumulative, unfolding steadily over time like the gradual increase in a child's height. Discontinuous development suggests that growth occurs in distinct stages or leaps, exemplified by sudden cognitive advances such as the development of object permanence in infants.

Within developmental psychology, theorists have proposed various models explaining how children and adults grow and adapt. Psychosocial development, as suggested by Erikson, revolves around the successful completion of social tasks throughout different life stages, shaping our self-identity.

Piaget's theory of cognitive development categorizes the growth of thinking skills into specific stages that children navigate as they mature. Kohlberg proposed levels of moral development based on cognitive growth, encompassing our judgments about right and wrong.

Behavioral theories, on the other hand, focus on the external behaviors and actions rather than inner changes in cognitive or moral reasoning.

These theories emphasize observable behaviors and the ways in which they are learned through interaction with the environment, often glossing over the internal processes that developmental theories detail.

Both perspectives provide valuable insights but also have their limitations.

Developmental theories often lack empirical support for the stage-like progression of growth and may not account for cultural and individual variations.

Behavioral theories, while robust in experimental research, can overlook the complexity of internal processes that cannot be directly observed but significantly influence development.

The people living in the Brazilian hinterland are most accurately represented by multiethnic African and Native American people due to historical settlement patterns and the legacy of the slave trade.

The question is asking about the demographics of people living in the Brazilian hinterland. The hinterland, a term often used to describe areas far from the coastal urban centers, is traditionally more rural and less developed. When looking at the options provided, historical and modern demographic patterns suggest that the most accurate answer would be multiethnic African and Native American people (Option C). This is because, throughout history, the indigenous peoples of Brazil have lived in various parts of the country, including the hinterlands. Additionally, the African influence in Brazil is significant due to the era of the slave trade, leading to a mix of cultures and ethnicities, especially in rural areas. While there have been numerous waves of immigration from Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, these groups have more commonly settled in urban areas or specific agricultural colonies, rather than the hinterlands.

The correct answer is C. multiethnic African and Native American people.

The hinterland of Brazil, often referred to as the interior or backlands, is characterized by a diverse population that has developed through a complex history of migration and cultural integration. While indigenous peoples (A) have historically inhabited these regions, the hinterland has also been shaped by the presence of multiethnic populations, including those of African and Native American descent (C). These groups have intermixed over centuries, particularly in rural areas where African slaves and indigenous populations were brought together during the colonial period.

Portuguese immigrants (B) are more commonly associated with the coastal cities and regions where they first settled and established colonial administrative centers. German and Italian immigrants (D) also settled in Brazil, but they tended to form more distinct communities, often in the southern states of Brazil, such as Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, rather than in the hinterland.

Therefore, the multiethnic African and Native American people are the group most representative of the population in the Brazilian hinterland.

Final answer:

The stability of temperament from infancy to adolescence illustrates the long-term consistency of innate personality traits. Research shows that temperament, influenced by the reactivity of the amygdala, is stable across the lifespan, although environmental factors can modify these traits. Secure attachment in infants also predicts more positive relationships and behaviors into adulthood.

Explanation:

The observation that exceptionally timid and cautious infants tend to become shy and unassertive adolescents best illustrates the long-term stability of temperament. Research, including that by Bohlin and Hagekull, has shown that infants who exhibit a highly reactive temperament in response to unfamiliar stimuli—characterized by strong reactions like crying and increased heart rate—tend to maintain these temperamental traits into early childhood and even into adulthood as social anxiety.

Renowned researchers like Chess and Thomas identified temperamental categories such as easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up, noting that, typically, those with an easy temperament grew up to be well-adjusted adults. Conversely, those with a difficult temperament faced more challenges in adjustment. Kagan’s research further highlights the role of the amygdala in mediating responses to anxiety-producing stimuli, suggesting that innate reactivity can have a profound effect on personality and social development. Yet, environmental factors, such as parenting style, can also significantly influence whether these innate tendencies persist or are modified over time.

Moreover, the concept of attachment style also plays a critical role in development. Longitudinal studies have found that securely attached infants, compared to those with insecure attachment, tend to have more positive relationships and less anxiety through childhood and into adulthood. This demonstrates a consistency in attachment style and its impact on later behaviors and relationships, supplementing the understanding of temperamental stability.

The mother is modeling behavior for her toddler, teaching by demonstration in a way that meets her child's developmental ability to learn how to tie shoes.

A mother who is tying her own shoes in front of her toddler using exaggerated, slow movements is likely engaging in an instructional or modeling behavior. She is demonstrating to her toddler, who is at a developmental stage where they are able to put on simple clothes without help, how to perform a task by breaking it down into more observable and manageable parts. This method of teaching allows the child to grasp the concept of the task more easily and is a common practice in early childhood development. The mother might be cognizant of false self-training, which involves holding a child to adult standards while denying their developmental needs, and instead is meeting her child at their current level of understanding.

According to Erik Erikson's theory, Sara, with her responsive and reliable caregiver, Marlys, is likely to develop a sense of trust in her caregivers and her environment, making her feel safe and secure.

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Sara is likely to develop a sense of trust versus mistrust. This is the first stage in Erikson's model and occurs from birth to about one year of age. In this stage, if a child, like Sara, has a responsive caregiver like Marlys who consistently satisfies her needs, she is likely to develop a strong sense of trust in her caregivers and her environment. This sense of trust will lead to feelings of safety and security. If instead, caregiving is inconsistent, unpredictable, or neglectful, the child would develop mistrust and would view the world as unpredictable and unsupportive.

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Final answer:

The preference for Congress members to act as delegates affects senators and representatives differently due to their distinct roles. Representatives tend to closely follow the delegate model, employing public opinion polling to enact constituents' wishes. Senators, representing entire states, may adopt a more deliberate approach, considering nationwide impacts.

Explanation:

A poll showed voters prefer that members of Congress act as delegates. Considering this preference, we can expect the effect to differ between senators and representatives due to their respective roles and how they perceive their duty to their constituents. Representatives, who are elected to represent limited, geographically defined districts, might adhere more closely to the delegate model of representation. They are expected to directly enact the wishes of their constituents, employing public opinion polling and other means to gauge the views of the people in their districts before voting on legislation. In contrast, senators, who represent the entire state, are more inclined to consider the impact of legislation on the nation as a whole, potentially adopting a more deliberate approach in their decision-making process. Despite the tendency of representatives to more closely follow the delegate model, the reality of political representation is complex, with both senators and representatives at times navigating between acting as delegates or trustees, as well as balancing the often contradictory demands of their constituents, the party, interest groups, and their personal beliefs.

Answer: the correct answer is A. Congress could use the Gibbons v. Ogden decision to support the tax policies in the state of Georgia.

Explanation: Gibbons v. Ogden, was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

In the situation given above, it can be concluded that the Congress could use the Gibbons v. Ogden decision to support the tax policies in the state of Georgia. Therefore, the option A holds true.

The decision under the case of Gibbons v. Ogden can be referred to or considered as a landmark decision for the United States' Supreme Court. The court had held that the Congress would possess the power to impose and regulate the rules related to the interstate commerce activities.

In the condition given above, Congress will have the power to regulate the interstate commerce activity that takes place between the states of Georgia and Florida by the virtue of the landmark decision made under the case.

Therefore, the option A holds true and states regarding the significance of decision under the case of Gibbons v. Ogden.

Learn more about Gibbons v. Ogden here:

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pull the hand break and drift.

Answer:

Self esteem

Explanation:

Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the self esteem of their adopted children.

The reason is that a child who is being adopted tends to have a hurtful history terms of being loved and taken care of. They go through a series of hardships and rejection processes through other parents which causes them to lose their self esteem and can easily slide into depression and sorts.

Therefore it becomes harder for an adoptive parent to rehabilitate the child's self esteem and make him feel loved and one of their own.

Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the genetic predisposition of their adopted children. This includes physical characteristics and predisposition to certain health conditions. However, adoptive parents can have significant impact on social, behavioral, and cognitive development.

Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the genetic predisposition of their adopted children. While adoptive parents can greatly influence the social, behavioral, and cognitive development of children, they cannot alter their genetic makeup which shapes their physical characteristics and predisposes them to certain health conditions. For example, studies on pairs of adoptees found higher rates of schizophrenia when the biological mothers had the condition, regardless of the mental health condition of the adoptive parents, emphasizing the role of genetic factors.

This is not to say adoptive parents have no influence on health outcomes - environmental factors and nurturing can play a substantial role in overall health and mental well-being. However, the genetic tendencies a child inherits from their biological parents remain completely unaffected by the adoptive parents.

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