Nitric oxide reacts with chlorine gas according to the reaction: 2 NO( g) + Cl2( g) ∆ 2 NOCl( g) Kp = 0.27 at 700 K A reaction mixture initially contains equal partial pressures of NO and Cl2. At equilibrium, the partial pressure of NOCl is 115 torr. What were the initial partial pressures of NO and Cl2 ?

Answer : The temperature and the final pressure of the gas is, 586.83 K and [tex]1.046\times 10^{9}atm[/tex] respectively.

Explanation : Given,

Initial volume of gas = [tex]261.6\times 10^{-6}m^3[/tex]

Final volume of the gas = [tex]138.2\times 10^{-6}m^3[/tex]

Heat released = -9340 J

First we have to calculate the temperature of the gas.

According to the question, this is the case of isothermal reversible compression of gas.

As per first law of thermodynamic,

[tex]\Delta U=q+w[/tex]

where,

[tex]\Delta U[/tex] = internal energy

q = heat

w = work done

As we know that, the term internal energy is the depend on the temperature and the process is isothermal that means at constant temperature.

So, at constant temperature the internal energy is equal to zero.

[tex]q=-w[/tex]

Thus, w = -q = 9340 J

The expression used for work done will be,

[tex]w=nRT\ln (\frac{V_2}{V_1})[/tex]

where,

w = work done = 9340 J

n = number of moles of gas  = 3 mole

R = gas constant = 8.314 J/mole K

T = temperature of gas  = ?

[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of gas

[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of gas

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get the temperature of the gas.

[tex]9340J=3mole\times 8.314J/moleK\times T\times \ln (\frac{261.6\times 10^{-6}m^3}{138.2\times 10^{-6}m^3})[/tex]

[tex]T=586.83K[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the final pressure of the gas by using ideal gas equation.

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

where,

P = final pressure of gas = ?

V = final volume of gas = [tex]138.2\times 10^{-6}m^3=138.2\times 10^{-9}L[/tex]

T = temperature of gas = 586.83 K

n = number of moles of gas = 3 mole

R = gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/mole.K

Now put all the given values in the ideal gas equation, we get:

[tex]P\times (138.2\times 10^{-9}L)=3mole\times (0.0821L.atm/mole.K)\times (586.83K)[/tex]

[tex]P=1.046\times 10^{9}atm[/tex]

Therefore, the temperature and the final pressure of the gas is, 586.83 K and [tex]1.046\times 10^{9}atm[/tex] respectively.

Answer:

Benzoic acid is the stronger acid

Explanation:

Weak acids do not dissociate completely in the solution. They exists in equilibrium with their respective ions in the solution.

The extent of dissociation of the acid furnising hydrogen ions can be determined by using dissociation constant of acid ([tex]K_a[/tex]).

Thus for a weak acid, HA

[tex]HA \rightleftharpoons A^- + H^+[/tex]

The [tex]K_a[/tex] is:

[tex]K_a= \frac{[A^-][H^+]}{[HA]}[/tex]

The more the [tex]K_a[/tex], the more the acid dissociates, the more the stronger is the acid.

Also,

[tex]pK_a[/tex] is defined as the negative logarithm of [tex]K_a[/tex].

So, more the [tex]pK_a[/tex], less is the [tex]K_a[/tex] and vice versa

All can be summed up as:

The less the value of [tex]pK_a[/tex], the more the  [tex]K_a[/tex] is and the more the acid dissociates and the more the stronger is the acid.

Given,

[tex]pK_a[/tex] of acetic acid = 54.7

[tex]pK_a[/tex] of benzoic acid = 54.2

[tex]pK_a[/tex] of benzoic acid < [tex]pK_a[/tex] of acetic acid

So, benzoic acid is the stronger acid.

Answer : The number placed in front of [tex]CuSO_4[/tex] should be, three (3).

Explanation :

Balanced chemical reaction : It is defined as the number of atoms of individual elements present on reactant side must be equal to the product side.

The given unbalanced chemical reaction is,

[tex]CaSO_4+AlCl_3\rightarrow CaCl_2+Al_2(SO_4)_3[/tex]

This chemical reaction is an unbalanced reaction because in this reaction, the number of atoms of chloride and sulfate ion are not balanced.

In order to balanced the chemical reaction, the coefficient 3 is put before the [tex]CuSO_4[/tex], the coefficient 2 is put before the [tex]AlCl_3[/tex] and the coefficient 3 is put before the [tex]CaCl_2[/tex].

Thus, the balanced chemical reaction will be,

[tex]3CaSO_4+2AlCl_3\rightarrow 3CaCl_2+Al_2(SO_4)_3[/tex]

Therefore, the number placed in front of [tex]CuSO_4[/tex] should be, three (3).

The number which should be placed in front of CaSO4 to give the same total number of sulfate ions on each side of the equation is; 3.

According to the question;

The equation given is;

?CaSO4 + AlCl3 → CaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3

There are 3 moles of SO4 on the right hand side of the equation and as such, there should be the same number of SO4 on the left too.

In essence, the number that should be added in front of CaSO4 is; 3.

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Answer : The correct option is, (A) [tex][H_3O^+]=[OH^-][/tex] because one of each is produced every time an [tex][H^+][/tex] transfers from one water molecule to another.

Explanation :

As we know that, when the two water molecule combine to produced hydronium ion and hydroxide ion.

The balanced reaction will be:

[tex]HOH+HOH\rightarrow H_3O^++OH^-[/tex]

Acid : It is a substance that donates hydrogen ion when dissolved in water.

Base : It is a substance that accepts hydrogen ion when dissolved in water.

From this we conclude that, the hydrogen ion are transferred from one water molecule to the another water molecule to form hydronium ion and hydroxide ion. In this reaction, one water molecule will act as a base and another water molecule will act as an acid.

Hence, the correct option is, (A)

In pure water, the concentrations of [H3O+] and [OH−] are equal because water undergoes self-ionization. The process results in equal formation of [H3O+] and [OH−] ions for every one water molecule that donates a proton.

In pure water, the concentrations of hydronium ions [H3O+] and hydroxide ions [OH−] are equal because water undergoes a process called self-ionization or auto-ionization. In this process, one water molecule donates a proton (H+) to another water molecule, forming a hydronium ion [H3O+] and a hydroxide ion [OH−]. Therefore, for every hydronium ion formed, there is a hydroxide ion formed as well, leading to equal concentrations of [H3O+] and [OH−] in pure water. This is represented by the equation 2H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + OH−(aq).

This does not mean that all solutions should contain equal concentrations of acidic and basic particles, nor does it imply that [H3O+] and [OH−] form a conjugate acid-base pair. Additionally, although water is an amphoteric substance (meaning it can act as both an acid and a base), that is not why the concentrations of [H3O+] and [OH−] are equal in pure water.

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Answer:

a) yes, it was an hydrate

b) the number of waters of hydration, x = 6

Explanation:

a) yes it was an hydrate because the mass decreased after the process of dehydration which means removal of water thus some water molecules were present in the sample.

b) NiCl2. xH2O

mass if dehydrated NiCl2 = 2.3921 grams

mass of water in the hydrated sample = mass of hydrated - mass of dehydrated = 4.3872 - 2.3921 = 1.9951 g which represent the mass of water that was present in the hydrated sample.

NiCl2.xH2O

mole of dehydrated NiCl2 = m/Mm = 2.3921/129.5994 = 0.01846 mole

mole of water = m/Mm = 1.9951/18.02 = 0.11072 mole

Divide both by the smallest number of mole (which is for NiCl2) to find the coefficient of each

for NiCl2 = 0.01846/0.01846 = 1

for H2O = 0.11072/0.01846 = 5.9976 = 6

thus the hydrated sample was NiCl2. 6H2O

Hey there!:

Stearic acid is converted into the sodium salt wich is water soluble.

Stearic acid is a weak acid so the addition of HCl will regenerate cyclohexane soluble stearic acid.

The sodium chloride will stay in the water phase only.

Since stearic acid can be made ionic or molecular it differs from salt which can be only ionic.

Hope this helps!

Answer:

Part A. Neutralization reaction.

Part B. The solubility will decrease.

Part C. Yes, it does. (See explanation below).

Part D. They have different behavior. (See explanation below).

Explanation:

Part A. Stearic acid is an acid, and sodium hydroxide is a base, so, they will react to form a salt and water, which is a neutralization reaction.

Part B. Because more water is formed in the reaction, there'll be more solvent to the solute cyclohexane, but a new solute will be formed the salt. Thus, although the presence of more solvent, the solubility will decrease because of the presence of the other solute.

Pat C. HCl is a strong acid, and the sal was formed by a strong base (sodium hydroxide), thus the salt must react with the strong acid.

Part D. The sodium chloride is a salt, which is an ionic compound, and the stearic acid is an acid, which can be ionic or covalent. Because they have different inorganic functions, they must behave differently.

Answer: sodium amide undergoes an acid -base reaction

Explanation:

sodium amide is a ionic compound and basically exists as sodium cation and amide anion. Amide anion is highly basic in nature and hence as soon as  there is amide anion generated in the solution , Due to its very pronounced acidity it very quickly abstracts the slightly acidic proton available on methanol.

This leads to formation of ammonia and sodium methoxide.

Hence sodium amide reacts with methanol and abstracts its only acidic proton and form ammonia and sodium Methoxide.

Hence the 3rd statement is a corrects statement.

So we cannot use methanol for sodium amide because sodium amide itself would react with methanol and the inherent molecular natur of sodium amide would then change.

The 1st and 2nd statements both are incorrect because both the compounds methanol as well as sodium amide have dipole moments and hence are polar molecules.

The 4th statement is also incorrect as both the molecules have dipole moment and hence there would be ion-dipole forces operating between them.

The following reaction occurs:

NaNH₂+CH₃OH→NH₃+CH₃ONa

Sodium amide undergoes an acid -base reaction

Methanol is acidic in nature whereas sodium amide is a strong base so when we add or combine these two chemicals, they undergoes an acid -base reaction so that's why we can't use methanol as a solvent for sodium amide.

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Answer: The speed of hydrogen molecule is [tex]7.199\times 10^3m/s[/tex]

Explanation:

The equation used to calculate the root mean square speed of a molecule is:

[tex]V_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}[/tex]

where,

[tex]V_{rms}[/tex] = root mean square speed of the molecule = ?

R = Gas constant = 8.314 J/mol.K

T = temperature = 4200 K

M = molar mass of hydrogen molecule = [tex]2.02g=2.02\times 10^{-3}kg[/tex]   (Conversion factor:  1 kg = 1000 g)

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]V_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3\times 8.314\times 4200}{2.02\times 10^{-3}}}\\\\V_{rms}=7.199\times 10^3m/s[/tex]

Hence, the speed of hydrogen molecule is [tex]7.199\times 10^3m/s[/tex]

Answer : The volume of the sample after the reaction takes place is, 15.93 liters.

Explanation : Given,

Moles of [tex]N_2[/tex] = 0.13 mole

Moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] = 0.26 mole

Initial volume of gas = 23.9 L

First we have to calculate the moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex] gas.

The balanced chemical reaction is :

[tex]N_2(g)+2O_2(g)\rightarrow 2NO_2(g)[/tex]

From the balanced reaction, we conclude that

As, 1 mole of [tex]N_2[/tex] react with 2 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] to give 2 moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex].

So, 0.13 mole of [tex]N_2[/tex] react with [tex]2\times 0.13=0.26[/tex] moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] to give [tex]2\times 0.13=0.26[/tex] moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex].

According to the Avogadro's Law, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas at constant pressure and temperature.

[tex]V\propto n[/tex]

or,

[tex]\frac{V_1}{V_2}=\frac{n_1}{n_2}[/tex]

where,

[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of gas = 23.9 L

[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of gas = ?

[tex]n_1[/tex] = initial moles of gas = 0.13 + 0.26 = 0.39 mole

[tex]n_2[/tex] = final moles of gas = 0.26 mole

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get the final temperature of the gas.

[tex]\frac{23.9L}{V_2}=\frac{0.39mole}{0.26mole}[/tex]

[tex]V_2=15.93L[/tex]

Therefore, the volume of the sample after the reaction takes place is, 15.93 liters.

Answer:

Pressure exerted by the needle = 78.037 kPa

Explanation:

Pressure is defined as the force exerted on a surface per unit area. The SI unit of pressure is Pa (N.m⁻²).

The force exerted by the phonograph needle is equal to the gravitational force.

Thus,

F=m×g

Where,

F is the force

m is the mass of the body

g is the acceleration due to gravity

Also, g = 9.81 ms⁻²

Given, mass of the needle = 1.00 g

The conversion of g into kg is shown below:

1 g = 10⁻³ kg

Thus, mass of the needle = 1×10⁻³ kg

Thus, F= 1×10⁻³×9.81 N = 9.81×10⁻³ N

Ares of the circle = πr²

Given : Radius of tip of the needle = 0.200 mm

The conversion of mm into m is shown below:

1 mm = 10⁻³ m

Thus, mass of the needle = 0.2×10⁻³ m

Thus, Area of the tip of the needle = π×(0.2×10⁻³)² m² = 1.2571×10⁻⁷ m²

So, Pressure =F/A

P = (9.81×10⁻³)/1.2571×10⁻⁷ Pa = 7.8037×10⁴ Pa

The conversion of Pa into kPa is shown below:

1 Pa = 10⁻³ kPa

Thus, pressure exerted by the needle = 7.8037×10⁴×10⁻³ kPa = 78.037 kPa

Answer : The absolute permeability is, 0.111 darcys.

Explanation : Given,

Volumetric constant rate = [tex]0.5cm^3/s[/tex]

Cross section area = [tex]3cm^2[/tex]

Pressure = 2 atm

Viscosity = 1.0 cp

Length of rock = 4 cm

From the Darcy equation  we conclude that,

[tex]\text{Volumetric constant rate}=\frac{(\text{Absolute permeability}\times A\times P)}{\eta \times l}[/tex]

where,

A = cross section area

P = pressure

[tex]\eta[/tex] = viscosity

l = length of rock

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex]0.5cm^3/s=\frac{(\text{Absolute permeability}\times 3cm^2\times 2\text{ atm})}{1.0cp \times 4cm}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Absolute permeability}=0.111\text{ darcys}[/tex]

Therefore, the absolute permeability is, 0.111 darcys.

Answer : The number of faradays of electricity had to pass through the solution will be, 0.596 F

Explanation :

First we have to calculate the moles of oxygen gas.

using ideal gas equation:

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

where,

P = pressure of gas = 755 mm Hg = 0.99 atm

conversion used : (1 atm = 760 mmHg)

V = volume of gas = 3.696 L

T = temperature of gas = [tex]25^oC=273+25=298K[/tex]

n = number of moles of gas = ?

R = gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/mole.K

Now put all the given values in the ideal gas equation, we get the number of moles of oxygen gas.

[tex](0.99atm)\times (3.696L)=n\times (0.0821L.atm/mole.K)\times (298K)[/tex]

[tex]n=0.149mole[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the number of faradays of electricity had to pass through the solution.

The balanced half-reactions for the electrolysis of water is,

[tex]2H_2O(l)\rightarrow O_2(g)+4H^+(aq)+4e^-[/tex]

From this we conclude that,

As, 1 mole of oxygen gas require 4 mole of electrons that means 4 F (faraday) of electricity.

So, 0.149 mole of oxygen gas require [tex]0.149\times 4=0.596F[/tex] of electricity.

Therefore, the number of faradays of electricity had to pass through the solution will be, 0.596 F

Answer : The equilibrium concentrations of all species [tex]NO,Cl_2\text{ and }NOCl[/tex] are, 0.05 M, 0.043 M and 0.975 M respectively.

Explanation : Given,

Moles of  [tex]NO[/tex] = 2 mole

Moles of  [tex]Cl_2[/tex] = 1 mole

Volume of solution = 1 L

Initial concentration of [tex]NO[/tex] = 2 M

Initial concentration of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] = 1 M

The given balanced equilibrium reaction is,

                            [tex]2NO(g)+Cl_2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2NOCl(g)[/tex]

Initial conc.          2 M            1 M            0

At eqm. conc.    (2-2x) M   (1-x) M         (2x) M

The expression for equilibrium constant for this reaction will be,

[tex]K_c=\frac{[NOCl]^2}{[NO]^2[Cl_2]}[/tex]

The [tex]K_c[/tex] for reverse reaction = [tex]\frac{1}{1.6\times 10^{-5}}[/tex]

Now put all the given values in this expression, we get :

[tex]\frac{1}{1.6\times 10^{-5}}=\frac{(2x)^2}{(2-2x)^2\times (1-x)}[/tex]

By solving the term 'x', we get :

x = 0.975

Thus, the concentrations of [tex]NO,Cl_2\text{ and }NOCl[/tex] at equilibrium are :

Concentration of [tex]NO[/tex] = (2-2x) M  = (2 - 2 × 0.975) M = 0.05 M

Concentration of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] = (1-x) M = 1 - 0.975 = 0.043 M

Concentration of [tex]NOCl[/tex] = x M = 0.975 M

Therefore, the equilibrium concentrations of all species [tex]NO,Cl_2\text{ and }NOCl[/tex] are, 0.05 M, 0.043 M and 0.975 M respectively.

Answer:

trans-4-tert-butyl-1-phenylcyclohexanol  

Explanation:

The bulky tert-butyl group will occupy the equatorial position in the cyclohexanone ring.

It will hinder approach of the Grignard reagent from the bottom side of the molecule.

The reagent will attack from the top, so the product alcohol will be

trans-4-tert-butyl-1-phenylcyclohexanol.

Answer:The metal complex formed would have the following formula [Cr(NO₂)₆]³⁻. The complex has a net negative charge and hence it can only be isolated as a salt with a positive cation so the formed complex could be isolated as potassium salt. The formula for salt would be K₃[Cr(NO₂)₆].

Explanation:

The metal ion given to us is Cr³⁺ (Chromium) in +3 oxidation state.

The electronic configuration for the metal ion is  [Ar]3d³ so there are vacant 3d metal orbitals  which are available and hence 6 NO₂⁻ ligands can easily attack the metal center and form a metal complex.

The charge on the overall complex can be calculated using the oxidation states of metal and ligand which is provided.  

The (chromium ) Cr³⁺ metal has +3 charge and 6 NO₂⁻ (nitro) ligands have -6 charge and since  the ligands will be  providing a total of 6 - (negative) charge  and hence only 3- (negative ) charge can be neutralized so a net 3- negative charge would be present on the overall complex which is basically present at the metal center :

charge on the complex=+3-6=-3

Let X be the Oxidation state of Cr in complex =[Cr(NO₂)₆]³⁻

                                                          X-6=-3

                                                           X=-3+6

                                                            X=+3

so our calculated oxidation state of Cr is +3 which matches with the provided in question.

As we can see that the overall metal complex has a net negative charge and hence and only positively charged  cations can form a salt with this metal complex and hence only potassium K⁺ ions can form salt with the metal complex.

since overall charge present on the metal complex is -3 so 3 K⁺ ion would be needed to neutralize it and hence the formula of the metal salt would be K₃[Cr(NO₂)₆].

Hey there!:

Copper plating on Zinc will occur via this simple reaction:

Cu²⁺   +   2 e⁻   ⇌   Cu

When a species gains electron, it is reduced. Its oxidation state is decreased. For example, in the above reaction Cu2+ gained 2 electron to get reduced to Cu. Its oxidation state changed from +2 to 0. Hence it is a reduction reaction.

So, the correct answer is  :

The copper II ions  gain two electrons and are reduced.

Answer B

Hope this helps!

Resolution of the attached issue .

Hope this helps!

The catalytic hydrogenation of (Z)-3-methyl-2-hexene generates two stereoisomeric alkanes: 3-ethylheptane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. The alkane with less steric hindrance, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, is formed in greater quantities than 3-ethylheptane.

The catalytic hydrogenation of (Z)-3-methyl-2-hexene leads to the formation of two stereoisomeric alkanes: 3-ethylheptane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. These alkanes are formed due to the addition of hydrogen to the double bond in the alkene under the influence of a catalyst, usually a metal such as platinum or palladium. The reaction involves the breaking of the weaker pi bond in the alkene and the formation of stronger sigma bonds, with the hybridization of the carbon atoms changing from sp2 to sp3.

Regarding the relative amounts of each alkane generated, the alkane formed depends on the steric hindrance around the double bond. Because 2,2,4-trimethylpentane poses less steric hindrance compared to 3-ethylheptane, it's formed in greater quantities.

The reaction looks like this for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (the major product):

(Z)-3-methyl-2-hexene + H2 ---> 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

And like this for 3-ethylheptane (the minor product):

(Z)-3-methyl-2-hexene + H2 ---> 3-ethylheptane

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Answer:

The statements 4 and 5 are true.

Explanation:

1. When an atom gains an electron it becomes negatively charged. This negatively charged species is called anion.

A + e⁻ →  A⁻ (anion)

Therefore, the statement 1 is false.

2.  An anion is formed when an atom gains an electron and becomes negatively charged. Therefore, an anion is a negatively charged species.

A + e⁻ →  A⁻ (anion)

Therefore, the statement 2 is false.

3. The atomic number of chlorine atom Cl is 17 and atomic number of bromine atom Br is 35.

Since, for neutral atom, the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of electrons present in that atom.

Therefore, the number of electrons in Cl atom is 17 and the number of electrons in Br atom is 35.

When the Cl atom gains one electron it forms Cl⁻ ion and when the Br atom gains one electron it forms Br⁻ ion.

Therefore, the number of electrons in Cl⁻ ion is 17 + 1 = 18 electrons

and the number of electrons in Br⁻ ion is 35 + 1 = 36 electrons

Therefore, Cl⁻ and Br⁻ ions do not have the same number of electrons.

Therefore, the statement 3 is false.

4. When potassium atom (K) loses one electron it forms a positively charged species called potassium cation (K⁺).

K  → K⁺ + e⁻

Therefore, the statement 4 is true.

5. The atomic number of Fe atom is 26.

Since, the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons present in that atom.

When the Fe atom loses two electrons to form Fe²⁺ and when the Fe atom loses three electrons to form Fe³⁺ ion, the number of protons remains the same.

Therefore, the ions Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ have the same number of protons.

Therefore, the statement 5 is true.

6. The atomic number of copper atom Cu is 29.

Since, for neutral atom, the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of electrons present in that atom.

Therefore, the number of electrons in Cu atom is 29

When the Cu atom loses one electron it forms Cu⁺ ion and when the Cu atom loses two electrons it forms Cu²⁺ ion.

Cu  → Cu⁺ + e⁻                and    Cu  → Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻

Therefore, the number of electrons in Cu⁺ ion is 29 - 1 = 28 electrons

and the number of electrons in Cu²⁺ ion is 29 - 2 = 27 electrons

Therefore,  Cu⁺ ion and Cu²⁺ ion do not have the same number of electrons.

Therefore, the statement 6 is false.

Atom is the smallest constituent of any chemical species and contains protons and electrons. The true statements are, [tex]\rm K^{+}[/tex] ion is formed when a potassium atom loses one electron. The [tex]\rm Fe^{2+}[/tex] and [tex]\rm Fe^{3+}[/tex] ions have the same number of protons.

When an atom acquires electrons from some other atom then they become negatively charged and are called anions.

Cations and anions are formed when the atom loses and gains an electron from another species. When an atom acquires an electron they are called an anion and when loose electrons are called a cation.

When potassium atom (K) relinquishes an electron then a positively charged species formed is called a cation.  It can be shown as,

[tex]\rm K \rightarrow K ^{+} + e^{-}[/tex]

The atomic number of an iron atom is 26 and is equal to the number of protons. The number of protons remains the same when the iron atom relinquishes two electrons yields ferrous ions and when loses three electrons yields ferric ion. Hence, ferrous and ferric have the same number of protons.

Therefore, option 4. K+ ion is formed when a potassium atom loses one electron and option 5. ferrous and ferric ions have the same number of protons are correct.

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Answer:  [tex]0.98\times 10^{-7}m[/tex]

Explanation:

For calculating wavelength, when the electron will jump from n=4 to n= 1

Using Rydberg's Equation: for hydrogen atom

[tex]\frac{1}{\lambda}=R_H\left(\frac{1}{n_i^2}-\frac{1}{n_f^2} \right )\times Z^2[/tex]

Where,

[tex]\lambda[/tex] = Wavelength of radiation  = ?

[tex]R_H[/tex] = Rydberg's Constant  = [tex]1.097\times 1067m[/tex]

[tex]n_f[/tex] = Higher energy level = 4

[tex]n_i[/tex]= Lower energy level = 1

Z= atomic number = 1  (for hydrogen)

Putting the values, in above equation, we get

[tex]\frac{1}{\lambda}=1.097\times 10^7\left(\frac{1}{1^2}-\frac{1}{4^2} \right )\times 1^2[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=0.98\times 10^{-7}m[/tex]

Thus the wavelength of the photon emitted will be [tex]0.98\times 10^{-7}m[/tex]

Answer:

2.0 atm is the difference between the ideal pressure and  the real pressure.

Explanation:

If 1.00 mole of argon is placed in a 0.500-L container at 27.0 °C

Moles of argon = n = 1.00 mol

Volume of the container,V  = 0.500 L

Ideal pressure of the gas = P

Temperature of the gas,T = 27 °C = 300.15 K[/tex]

Using ideal gas equation:

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

[tex]P=\frac{1.00 mol\times 0.0821 L atm/mol K\times 300.15 K}{0.500 L}=49.28 atm[/tex]

Vander wall's of equation of gases:

The real pressure of the gas= [tex]p_v[/tex]

For argon:

[tex]a=1.345 L^2 atm/mol^2[/tex]

b=0.03219 L/mol.

[tex](p_v+(\frac{an^2}{V^2})(V-nb)=nRT[/tex]

[tex](p_v+(\frac{(1.345 L^2 atm/mol^2)\times (1.00 mol)^2}{(0.500 L)^2})(0.500 L-1.00 mol\times 0.03219L/mol)=1.00 mol\times 0.0821 L atm/mol K\times 300.15 K[/tex]

[tex]p_v = 47.29 atm[/tex]

Difference :[tex] p - p_v= 49.28 atm - 47.29 atm = 1.99 atm\approx 2.0 atm[/tex]

2.0 atm is the difference between the ideal pressure and  the real pressure.

Answer:

The pH of the solution is 12.31 .

Explanation:

Initial molarity of barium hydroxide =[tex]M_1=6.5\times 10^{-2}M[/tex]

Initial volume of barium hydroxide =[tex]V_1=43.5 mL[/tex]

Final molarity of barium hydroxide =[tex]M_2[/tex]

Final volume of barium hydroxide =[tex]V_2=270.5 mL[/tex]

[tex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2[/tex]

[tex]M_2=\frac{6.5\times 10^{-2}M\times 43.5 mL}{270.5 mL}[/tex]

[tex]M_2=0.0104 M[/tex]

[tex]Ba(OH)_2\rightarrow Ba^{2+}+2OH^-[/tex]

1 mol of barium gives 2 mol of hydroxide ions.

Then 0.0104 M of barium hydroxide will give:

[tex]2\times 0.0104 M=0.0208 M[/tex] of hydroxide ions

[tex][OH^-]=0.0208 M[/tex]

[tex]pH=14-pOH=14-(-\log[OH^-])[/tex]

[tex]pH=14-(-\log[0.0208 M])=12.31[/tex]

The pH of the solution is 12.31 .

Answer: The new volume will be [tex]2.04m^3[/tex]

Explanation:

To calculate the new volume, we use the equation given by Boyle's law. This law states that pressure is directly proportional to the volume of the gas at constant temperature.

The equation given by this law is:

[tex]P_1V_1=P_2V_2[/tex]            (at constant temperature)

where,

[tex]P_1\text{ and }V_1[/tex] are initial pressure and volume.

[tex]P_2\text{ and }V_2[/tex] are final pressure and volume.

We are given:

[tex]P_1=5.00atm\\V_1=0.490m^3\\P_2=1.20atm\\V_2=?m^3[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]5atm\times 0.490m^3=1.20\times V_2\\\\V_2=2.04m^3[/tex]

Hence, the new volume will be [tex]2.04m^3[/tex]

Answer : The partial pressure of the [tex]CO_2[/tex] in the tank in psia is, 32.6 psia.

Explanation :

As we are given 75 % [tex]CO_2[/tex] and 25 % [tex]N_2[/tex] in terms of volume.

First we have to calculate the moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] and [tex]N_2[/tex].

[tex]\text{Moles of }CO_2=\frac{\text{Volume of }CO_2}{\text{Volume at STP}}=\frac{75}{22.4}=3.35mole[/tex]

[tex]\text{Moles of }N_2=\frac{\text{Volume of }N_2}{\text{Volume at STP}}=\frac{25}{22.4}=1.12mole[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the mole fraction of [tex]CO_2[/tex].

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of }CO_2=\frac{\text{Moles of }CO_2}{\text{Moles of }CO_2+\text{Moles of }N_2}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of }CO_2=\frac{3.35}{3.35+1.12}=0.75[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the partial pressure of the [tex]CO_2[/tex] gas.

[tex]\text{Partial pressure of }CO_2=\text{Mole fraction of }CO_2\times \text{Total pressure of gas}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Partial pressure of }CO_2=0.75mole\times 300Kpa=225Kpa=225Kpa\times \frac{0.145\text{ psia}}{1Kpa}=32.625\text{ psia}[/tex]

conversion used : (1 Kpa = 0.145 psia)

Therefore, the partial pressure of the [tex]CO_2[/tex] in the tank in psia is, 32.6 psia.

Answer:

25.0 mL

Explanation:

1. Gather the information in one place.

MM:      98.00         74.09

           2H3PO4 + 3Ca(OH)2 → Ca3(PO4)2 + 6H2O

m/g:       8.85           15.76

V/mL:   350.0           550

2. Moles of H3PO4

n = 8.85 g × (1 mol/98.00 g) = 0.09031 mol H3PO4

3. Moles of Ca(OH)2

n = 15.76 g × (1 mol/74.09 g) = 0.2126 mol Ca(OH)2

4. Moles of Ca(OH)2 in 25.0 mL Solution

n = 0.2126 mol × (25.0 mL/550 mL) = 0.009 663 mol Ca(OH)2

5. Moles of H3PO4 needed

From the balanced equation, the molar ratio is 2 mol H3PO4: 3 mol Ca(OH)2

n = 0.009 663 mol Ca(OH)2 × (2 mol H3PO4/3 mol Ca(OH)2)

= 0.006 442 mol H3PO4

6. Volume of H3PO4

V = 0.006 442 mol ×( 350.0 mL/0.09031 mol) = 25.0 mL H3PO4

It will take 25.0 mL of the H3PO4 solution to neutralize 25.0 mL of the Ca(OH)2 solution.

Answer:

127.28 mmHg

Explanation:

The molar fraction of oxygen in dry air at 760 mmHg is 20.9%. This molar fraction is not affected too much by the height, so it may be taken as a constant. The partial pressure of oxygen may be calculated as:

[tex]P_{O_{2}}=y_{O_{2}}*P[/tex]

So, if the total pressure is 609 mmHg,

[tex]P_{O_{2}}=0.209*609=127.28[/tex] mmHg.

Answer:  1.  Water freezing : [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is -ve.

2. Water evaporating : [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is +ve.

3. Crystalline urea dissolving : [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is +ve.

4. Assembly of the plasma membrane from individual lipids: [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is -ve.

5.  Assembly of a protein from individual amino acids: [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is -ve.

Explanation:

Entropy is defined as the measurement of degree of randomness in a system.

It is represented by symbol S and we can only measure a change in entropy which is given by [tex]\Delta S[/tex].

If there is decrease in randomness , the sign for [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is -ve and If there is increase in randomness , the sign for [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is +ve.

1.  Water freezing: Entropy decreases as we move from liquid state to  to solid state and thus [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is -ve.

2. Water evaporating : Entropy increases as we move from liquid state to  gaseous state and thus [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is +ve.

3. Crystalline urea dissolving : The molecules convert from solid and ordered state to aqueous phase and random state. Thus the entropy increases and thus [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is +ve.

4. Assembly of the plasma membrane from individual lipids:  random lipids are associating to form a single large polymer and thus entropy decreases and thus [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is -ve.

5. Assembly of a protein from individual amino acids: random amino acids are associating to form a single large polymer and thus entropy decreases and thus [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is -ve.

Answer: 2.7 grams

Explanation:

According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. Thus the mass of products has to be equal to the mass of reactants. The number of atoms of each element has to be same on reactant and product side. Thus chemical equations are balanced.

[tex]NaHCO_3(aq)+CH_3COOH(aq)\rightarrow CH_3COONa(aq)+H_2O(l)+CO_2(g)[/tex]

Given: mass of sodium hydrogen carbonate = 3.4 g

mass of acetic acid = 10.9 g

Mass of reactants = mass  of sodium hydrogen carbonate+ mass of acetic acid = 3.4 + 10.9= 14.3 g

Mass of reactants = Mass of products in reaction vessel + mass of carbon dioxide (as it escapes)

Mass of  carbon dioxide = 14.3 - 11.6 =2.7 g

Thus the mass of carbon dioxide released during the reaction is 2.7 grams.

Answer: 58.0 grams of sodium bicarbonate will be required.

Explanation: pH of buffer solutions is calculated using Handerson equation:

[tex]pH=pKa+log(\frac{base}{acid})[/tex]

sodium carbonate acts as a base since it has carbonate ion where as sodium bicarbonate acts as an acid since it has bicarbonate ion that has a proton.

pKa2 value will be used here since we have sodium bicarbonate and not carbonic acid. Concentration of sodium carbonate is given as 0.10 M, pH is given as 9.50 and pKa2 is given as 10.33.

Let's plug in the values in Handerson equation and calculate the concentration of sodium bicarbonate.

[tex]9.50=10.33+log(\frac{0.10}{x})[/tex]

(where [tex]x[/tex] is the concentration of sodium bicarbonate)

[tex]9.50-10.33=log(\frac{0.10}{x})[/tex]

[tex]-0.83=log(\frac{0.10}{x})[/tex]

taking antilog to both sides:

[tex]10^-^0^.^8^3=\frac{0.10}{x}[/tex]

[tex]0.145=\frac{0.10}{x}[/tex]

[tex]x=\frac{0.10}{0.145}[/tex]

[tex]x=0.69[/tex]

Concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 0.69 M. Volume of solution is given as 1.00 L. So, the moles of sodium bicarbonate will be 0.69 moles.

Molar mass of sodium bicarbonate is 84.0 gram per mol. Multiply the moles by molar mass to calculate the required grams of it.

[tex]0.69mol(\frac{84.0g}{1mol})[/tex]

= 57.96 g

So, 57.96 g which is almost 58.0 g of [tex]NaHCO_3[/tex] will be required.

The required amount of NaHCO3 required to obtain a buffer solution with pH of 9.50 will be 56.80 g

pH relationship for a buffer solution :

[tex]pH = pKa + log(\frac{base}{acid}[/tex]

[tex]9.50 = 10.33 + log(\frac{0.10}{a}[/tex]

[tex]9.50 - 10.33 = log(\frac{0.10}{a}[/tex]

[tex]-0.83 = log(\frac{0.10}{a}[/tex]

Take the inverse log of both sides

[tex] 10^{-0.83} = \frac{0.10}{a}[/tex]

[tex] 0.1479 = \frac{0.10}{a}[/tex]

[tex] a = \frac{0.10}{0.1479}[/tex]

[tex] a = 0.676 [/tex]

Concentration of NaHCO3 = 84.01 × 0.676 = 56.80 g

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To calculate the amount of energy released when 62.30 grams of hexane is burned, convert grams to moles, use the balanced equation to determine moles of oxygen, and multiply by the enthalpy of reaction. Finally, convert kJ to joules. The energy released is -3,006,000 J.

To calculate the amount of energy released when 62.30 grams of hexane is burned, we need to convert grams of hexane to moles of hexane. The molar mass of hexane is 86.20 g/mol, so 62.30 grams of hexane is equal to 62.30 g / 86.20 g/mol = 0.722 mol of hexane. Next, we use the coefficient of hexane in the balanced equation to determine the moles of oxygen needed. Since the coefficient of hexane is 2, we need twice as many moles of oxygen, which is 2 x 0.722 mol = 1.444 mol of oxygen. Now, we can use the enthalpy of reaction (-4163.0 kJ/mol) to calculate the amount of energy released. Multiply the moles of hexane by the enthalpy of reaction: 0.722 mol x -4163.0 kJ/mol = -3006.0 kJ. Finally, convert kJ to joules by multiplying by 1000: -3006.0 kJ x 1000 J = -3,006,000 J. Therefore, 62.30 grams of hexane will release -3,006,000 J of energy when burned.

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Hey there!:

To find the original sample population density, divide the conted colonies by the dilution factor and the inoculate:

= 73 / (10⁻⁴ * 0.1)

= 73*10⁵

Thus, the original sample's population density was 7.3*10⁶ or 73* 10⁵.

Hope this helps!

The population density of the original sample will be 73 × [tex]10^{5}[/tex] .

Population density would be a quantity of the type integer density; it would be a measuring of the population per unit area, even particularly per unit volume.

Calculation of population density

It is given that, counted colonies = 73

The dilution factor = 0.1 × [tex]10^{-4}[/tex]

population density = counted colonies / dilution factor = 73 /  0.1 × [tex]10^{-4}[/tex].

= 73 × [tex]10^{5}[/tex] .

Therefore, the population density will be 73 × [tex]10^{5}[/tex] .

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