Plants primarily obtain nitrogen from soil in the forms of nitrates (NO₃⁻) and ammonium ions (NH₄), which become available through the processes of nitrogen fixation and nitrification by certain bacteria.
Nitrogen is available to plants mostly in the form of nitrate and ammonium ions in the soil. Atmospheric nitrogen, which composes 78% of the air, is not directly usable by plants due to its strong triple bonds. Through the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is converted into biologically available forms.
One such process is nitrogen fixation, where free-living or symbiotic bacteria, such as Rhizobium in legume roots, convert gaseous nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃). This ammonia can become ammonium (NH₄) and is then available for plant uptake, or it can be further processed by nitrifying bacteria into nitrites (NO₂⁻) and subsequently into nitrates (NO₃⁻), which are absorbed by plant roots.
The availability of ammonia and nitrates in the soil is crucial for plants to synthesize essential compounds like proteins and nucleic acids, making nitrogen a limiting nutrient for plant growth.
A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings is said to be ________ and has a ________ δh at constant pressure.
An endothermic process is a chemical reaction or physical change that absorbs heat, with a positive change in enthalpy. An example is the reaction in a cold pack, where heat is absorbed, resulting in a sensation of cold. In contrast, an exothermic process releases heat, such as the combustion reaction in a Bunsen burner.
Explanation:An endothermic process is a chemical reaction or physical change that absorbs heat from the surroundings. It is represented by a positive change in enthalpy, which is the sum of a system's internal energy and the mathematical product of its pressure and volume.
An example of an endothermic process is the reaction that occurs in a cold pack used to treat muscle strains. When the substances in the cold pack are brought together, heat is absorbed, resulting in a sensation of cold.
In contrast, an exothermic process releases heat. An example of an exothermic process is the combustion reaction that occurs when using a Bunsen burner. The heat given off during this reaction is equal to the enthalpy change of the methane combustion reaction.
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How much 0.85 M HCl solution can be made by diluting 250 mL of 10 M HCl?
Answer is: 2940 mL of the HCL solution.
c₁(HCl) = 10.0 M.
V₂(AgNO₃) = ?.
c₂(AgNO₃) = 0.85 M.
V₁(AgNO₃) = 250 mL ÷ 1000 mL/L = 0.25 L.
c₁ - original concentration of the solution, before it
gets diluted.
c₂ - final concentration of the solution, after dilution.
V₁ - volume to be diluted.
V₂ - final volume after dilution.
c₁ · V₁ = c₂ · V₂.
V₂(HCl) = c₁ · V₁ ÷ c₂.
V₂(HCl) = 10 M · 0.25 L ÷ 0.85 M.
V₂(HCl) = 2.94 L · 1000 mL = 2940 mL.
How many moles of nitrogen, n, are in 83.0 g of nitrous oxide, n2o?
There are approximately [tex]3.772[/tex] moles of nitrogen in [tex]83.0 g[/tex] of nitrous oxide [tex](N\(_2\)O)[/tex]
To determine the number of moles of nitrogen in [tex]83.0 g[/tex] of nitrous oxide [tex](N\(_2\)O)[/tex], we need to follow these steps:
1. Calculate the molar mass of [tex]N\(_2\)O[/tex]:
Nitrogen ([tex]N[/tex]) has a molar mass of approximately [tex]14.01 g/mol.[/tex]
Oxygen ([tex]O[/tex]) has a molar mass of approximately [tex]16.00 g/mol.[/tex]
The molar mass of [tex]N\(_2\)O[/tex] is:
[tex]\[\text{Molar mass of N}_2\text{O} = 2 \times 14.01 \, \text{g/mol} + 16.00 \, \text{g/mol} = 28.02 \, \text{g/mol} + 16.00 \, \text{g/mol} = 44.02 \, \text{g/mol}\][/tex]
2. Calculate the number of moles of [tex]N\(_2\)O[/tex] in [tex]83.0 g[/tex]:
[tex]\[\text{Number of moles of N}_2\text{O} = \frac{83.0 \, \text{g}}{44.02 \, \text{g/mol}} = 1.886 \, \text{moles}\][/tex]
3. Determine the number of moles of nitrogen atoms in [tex]N\(_2\)O[/tex]
Each molecule of [tex]N\(_2\)O[/tex] contains [tex]2[/tex] nitrogen atoms. Therefore, the number of moles of nitrogen atoms is twice the number of moles of [tex]N\(_2\)O.[/tex]
[tex]\[\text{Number of moles of nitrogen atoms} = 2 \times 1.886 \, \text{moles} = 3.772 \, \text{moles}\][/tex]
Which is true about the numerical value of the gibbs free-energy change for a spontaneous reaction?
Answer:
It is negative
Explanation:
What will happen to the pressure if another mole of gas is added to the cylinder but the temperature and volume do not change?
What is the mass of a 720-mL sample of ClF3 at 735 torr and 43 °C?
What bonds are broken during the combustion of methane (CH4) to form water and carbon dioxide?
C–H bonds in methane and O–O bonds in oxygen
C–O bonds in carbon dioxide and O–O bonds in oxygen
C–H bonds in methane and H–O bonds in water
H–O bonds in water and C–O bonds in carbon dioxide
Answer:
The correct answer is: C–H bonds in methane and O–O bonds in oxygen.
Explanation:
During the combustion of methane, methane react with oxygen molecule to give carbon dioxide and water molecule.
[tex]2CH_4+3O_2\rightarrow 2CO_2+2H_2O[/tex]
During the course of reaction :
Bond between C-H atom in methane will be broken down Bond between O-O bond will be broken down.During course of formation of products:
Bonds between oxygen and carbon atom will formed Bonds between oxygen ah hydrogen at will be formed.Study the following two reactions. Select all that apply.
C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + 94.05 kcal
C(diamond) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + 94.50 kcal
What could you infer from the information given above?
a The enthalpy of CO2 is greater than the reactants.
b E2 - E1 is negative.
c Graphite and diamond have equal enthalpy.
d Diamond must have lower internal energy.
Answer:
Option B only
Explanation:
First to all, we have the same reaction in both equations, the difference between the two of them, is the fact one is Carbon in the form of graphite, and the other is carbon in the form of diamond.
Now, both reactions release energy in the form of heat, and it appears in the side of the products, this means that both reactions are exothermic (An exothermic reaction is when energy is released as product in the equation).
If energy is released in the reaction, (Which is enthalpy), this value is negative. As this value is negative, means that the internal energy of CO2 has to be lower than the energy of the reactants, so, option A can be discarted.
If we do E2 - E1:
-94.5 - (-94.05) = -0.45 kcal
Therefore, option B is correct.
As we can see the energy released in both equations, is different for both, so, graphite and diamond do not have equal enthalpy.
Finally, as the combustion of diamond releases more energy that the combustion of graphite (94.5 > 94.05), means that diamond has a higher internal energy than graphite. and Option D can be discarted.
What is the total number of atoms contained in 2.00 moles of nickel?
The total number of atoms contained in 2.00 moles of nickel is 1.204 × 10²⁴ atoms
HOW TO CALCULATE NUMBER OF ATOMS:
The number of atoms in an element can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro's number. That is;no. of atoms = no. of moles × 6.02 × 10²³According to this question, there are 2 moles of nickel (Ni). The number of atoms can be calculated as follows:no. of atoms = 2 × 6.02 × 10²³no. of atoms = 12.04 × 10²³no. of atoms = 1.204 × 10²⁴ atomsTherefore, the total number of atoms contained in 2.00 moles of nickel is 1.204 × 10²⁴ atoms.Learn more at: https://brainly.com/question/22552359?referrer=searchResults
Determine the empirical formula of a compound containing 22.6% nitrogen and 77.4% oxygen
Which of the following are advantages of the SI system?
(Select all that apply).
A) It is easy to change from one unit to another.
B) It allows scientists to compare experimental results.
C) All its units are based on the number 100.
D) It is based on inches and pounds.
A b c ar e the correect ones
The advantage of the SI system is that It is easy to change from one unit to another. Hence Option (A) is correct.
What is SI Unit ?SI unit is a global system of measurements that ar used universally in technical and research to avoid the confusion with the units.
Having a typical unit system is vital as a result of it helps the complete world to grasp the measurements in one set of unit systems.
The SI covers units for each style of measuring, however at the guts of the SI could be a set of seven units called the 'base units'.
This Systeme International d'Unites of Units is critical to confirm that our everyday measurements stay comparable and consistent worldwide.
Therefore, The advantage of the SI system is that It is easy to change from one unit to another. Hence Option (A) is correct.
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Elements of group 4a do not commonly form ions. generally form negative ions. do not combine with other elements. generally form positive ions.
Final answer:
Elements of Group 4A typically do not form ions readily, but when they do, they generally form positive ions or cations with a +4 charge.
Explanation:
Group 4A elements, also known as the carbon group, typically do not form ions easily. This is because the elements in this group generally have a balance between the energy required to lose or gain electrons, making the formation of ions less favorable. When these elements do form ions, they generally form positive ions or cations. Looking at the periodic table, main-group elements to the left tend to form cations with a positive charge equal to the group number. Conversely, elements to the right, particularly nonmetals, often form anions with a negative charge corresponding to the number of groups they are left of the noble gases. Group 4A elements would thus be expected to form 4+ cations if they were to form ions, which is a high charge and not commonly observed due to the energy involved in removing four electrons.
What is the number of electrons in an atom of 23v that have an quantum number of 2?
Which statement best describes the oxidation numbers of the atoms found in magnesium chloride?
A. Magnesium has a 2+ oxidation number and chlorine has a 1- oxidation number. B. Magnesium has a 2- oxidation number and chlorine has a 2+ oxidation number. C. Magnesium has a 2- oxidation number and chlorine has a 1+ oxidation number. D. Magnesium has a 1+ oxidation number and chlorine has a 1- oxidation number.
What is the molecular geometry about nitrogen in ch3nh2?
Methylamine is widely used in the making of pharmaceuticals, surfactants, and rubber chemicals. The lewis structure of methylamine determined the presence of lone pairs on nitrogen and have a trigonal pyramidal shape.
Methylamine is an organic molecule, in which one methyl group (CH3) and one amine group (NH3) are present.
The given below in the attachment is the lewis dot structure of methylamine.
The lewis dot structure is based on the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR). According to this theory:
The central atom carbon has four valence electrons, out of which three are bonded with Hydrogen (H) and one with Nitrogen (N). Similarly, the methylamine also has four electron pairs, out of which three are bonded and one is lone pair. The presence of lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen will create a greater repulsion effect than bonding pairs. Thus, the bond length of H-N-H will be decreased due to lone pairs, the angle will decrease from 109-degrees to 107-degrees. This, decrease in the angle will result in the shape of trigonal pyramidal geometry of the amine group in methylamine.Therefore, amine group will have trigonal pyramidal geomtery.
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How many moles of naf must be dissolved in 1.00 liter of a saturated solution of pbf2 at 25°c to reduce the [pb2+] to 1.0 × 10–6 m? the ksp for pbf2 at 25 °c is 4.0 × 10–8?
To reduce the [Pb2+] to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ M in a 1.00 liter solution of saturated PbF2, 26.45 grams of NaF should be added, as the Ksp for PbF2 is 4.0 × 10⁻⁸ at 25°C.
Explanation:To determine how many moles of NaF must be added to a 1.00 liter solution of saturated PbF2 to reduce the [Pb2+] concentration to 1.0 × 10−6 M, we need to consider the Ksp of PbF2 and the common ion effect. The Ksp expression for PbF2 is Ksp = [Pb2+][F−]2, and the Ksp value given is 4.0 × 10−8 at 25°C. As we add NaF, which is a source of fluoride ions, F−, this will affect the equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle.
Since NaF fully dissociates in solution, each mole of NaF will provide one mole of F−. Our target is to maintain the [Pb2+] at 1.0 × 10−6 M while knowing the Ksp. From this, we can derive that:
[F−] = √(Ksp / [Pb2+]) = √(4.0 × 10⁻⁸ / 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ M) = √(4.0 × 10⁻² M) = 6.3 × 10⁻¹ M
Since the concentration of F− should be approximately 0.63 M to maintain the [Pb2+] at the desired level, and we want to achieve this in a 1-liter solution, we need to dissolve 0.63 moles of NaF:
0.63 moles × 41.99 g/mol = 26.45 grams of NaF.
This is the mass of NaF that should be dissolved to achieve the desired [Pb2+] in the solution.
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Which general formula can be used to identify carbohydrates?
Explanation:
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that contain a carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms which are chemically combined together.
Their general formula is [tex](CH_{2}O)_{x}[/tex] where x is any integer.
For example, lactose has chemical formula [tex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}[/tex] and it is a carbohydrate.
A carbohydrate can be monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide.
How many grams of solute are in 1.00 liter of 0.200m na2so4 solution?
There are 28.42 grams of Na2SO4 in 1.00 liter of a 0.200M solution by first finding the number of moles in one liter and then multiplying by the molar mass of Na2SO4.
Explanation:To determine the mass of solute in 1.00 liter of a 0.200M Na2SO4 solution, we need to follow these steps:
Calculate the number of moles of Na2SO4 in 1.00 L of the solution using the molarity. Since molarity is moles per liter, we have 0.200 moles of Na2SO4 because 0.200M means 0.200 moles per liter.Find the molar mass of Na2SO4. The molar mass of Na2SO4 is (2 × 23.0) + 32.1 + (4 × 16.0) = 142.1 g/mol.Multiply the number of moles by the molar mass to get the mass in grams. So, 0.200 moles × 142.1 g/mol = 28.42 grams of Na2SO4.Therefore, there are 28.42 grams of Na2SO4 in 1.00 liter of a 0.200M solution.
What happens in an acid-base reaction according to the arrthenius defintion?
Final answer:
The Arrhenius definition of acid-base reactions states that an acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions, while a base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions. Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of a proton from the acid to the base, resulting in the formation of water and a salt.
Explanation:
The Arrhenius definition of acid-base reactions states that an acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions, while a base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions.
According to Arrhenius, an acid-base reaction involves the reaction of a proton (H+) from the acid with a hydroxide ion (OH-) from the base, resulting in the formation of water.
For example, in the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), HCl donates a proton (H+) to NaOH, which accepts the proton, forming water (H2O) and sodium chloride (NaCl) as a salt.
A gas occupies a volume at 34.2 mL at a temperature of 15.0 C and a pressure of 800.0 torr. What will be the volume of this gas at STP?
A student conducted an experiment and was interested in the mass of the product of the chemical reaction. some results are shown above. what is the mass of the nacl?
Which of the following is a correct description of a double bond between two carbon atoms?
A double bond will produce four single bonds to form a tetrahedral shape.
A double bond between carbon atoms will eventually form a ring of carbons.
A double bond between carbon atoms is longer than a triple bond between carbon atoms.
A double bond will quickly reduce to single bonds to create three-dimensional tetrahedra.
How does the total volume of gas particles compare to the volume of the space between gas particles?
Complete each reaction for strong electrolytes in water.
a. cacl2(s) →
b. mg(no3)2 →
c. al2(so4)3 →
Strong electrolytes dissociate completely into ions in water. The resulting ions for CaCl2 are Ca2+ and Cl-; for Mg(NO3)2 are Mg2+ and NO3-; and for Al2(SO4)3 are Al3+ and SO4−2.
Explanation:In water, strong electrolytes dissociate completely into their ions.
For CaCl2(s) in water: CaCl2(s) → Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)For Mg(NO3)2 in water: Mg(NO3)2(s) → Mg2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) For Al2(SO4)3 in water: Al2(SO4)3(s) → 2Al3+(aq) + 3SO4−2(aq)Learn more about Strong Electrolytes here:https://brainly.com/question/29771118
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A solution is prepared by dissolving 27.7 g of cacl2 in 375 g of water. the density of the resulting solution is 1.05 g/ml. the concentration of cacl2 is __________% by mass.
The concentration of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex] is [tex]\boxed{6.88\;\%}[/tex] by mass.
Further Explanation:
The proportion of substance in the mixture is called concentration. The most commonly used concentration terms are as follows:
1. Molarity (M)
2. Molality (m)
3. Mole fraction (X)
4. Parts per million (ppm)
5. Mass percent ((w/w) %)
6. Volume percent ((v/v) %)
Mass percent:
It is the ratio of the mass of a component divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100.
The formula to calculate the mass percent of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] is as follows:
[tex]{\text{Mass}}\;{\text{percent of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2} = \left( {\frac{{{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}}}{{{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}\;{\text{solution}}}}} \right)\left( {100} \right)[/tex] …… (1)
The formula to calculate the mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] solution is as follows:
[tex]{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ solution}} = {\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}} + {\text{Mass of water}}[/tex] …… (2)
The mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] is 27.7 g.
The mass of water is 375 g.
Substitute these values in equation (2).
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ solution}}&=27.7{\text{ g}}+{\text{375 g}}\\&={\text{402}}{\text{.7 g}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
The mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] is 27.7 g.
The mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex]solution is 402.7 g.
Substitute these values in equation (1).
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Mass}}\;{\text{percent of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}&=\left( {\frac{{{\text{27}}{\text{.7 g}}}}{{{\text{402}}{\text{.7 g}}}}} \right)\left( {100} \right)\\&=6.8785\;\%\\&\approx 6.8{\text{8 \% }}\\\end{aligend}[/tex]
Therefore the mass percent of [tex]{\mathbf{CaC}}{{\mathbf{l}}_{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex] is 6.88 %.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Concentration terms
Keywords: mass percent, 6.88 %, mass of CaCl2, mass of water, mass of CaCl2, concentration, CaCl2, 27.7 g, 375 g, 402.7 g.
Final answer:
The concentration of CaCl2 in the solution is approximately 6.88% by mass.
Explanation:
The concentration of a solution is usually expressed as a percent by mass. In order to calculate this, we need to determine the mass of the solute (CaCl2) and the mass of the solution (cacl2 + water).
Given that 27.7g of CaCl2 is dissolved in 375g of water, the total mass of the solution would be 27.7g + 375g = 402.7g.
The concentration of CaCl2 is then calculated by dividing the mass of CaCl2 by the mass of the solution and multiplying by 100%: (27.7g / 402.7g) x 100% ≈ 6.88%.
Do most exothermic reactions have a negative or positive change in gibbs energy
For every molecule of glucose, how many molecules of co2 are released in the citric acid cycle
Which substance is an electrolyte? A) O2 B) Xe C) C3H8 D) KNO3
KNO3 (potassium nitrate) is the substance that is an electrolyte among the given options because it dissolves in water to form ions, which allows it to conduct electricity.
The question asks which substance is an electrolyte from the options provided. An electrolyte is a substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water, thereby conducting electricity. Among the options given:
O2 (oxygen) and Xe (xenon) are noble gases and do not form ions in solution, hence they are not electrolytes.
C3H8 (propane) is a hydrocarbon which does not ionize in water, making it a nonelectrolyte.
KNO3 (potassium nitrate) dissolves in water to form potassium (K+) and nitrate (NO3−) ions, which means it is an electrolyte and can conduct electricity.
Therefore, the substance that is an electrolyte among the options is KNO3 (potassium nitrate).
A 3.5 gram sample of a radioactive element was formed in a 1960 explosion of an atomic bomb at Johnson Island in the Pacific test site. The half-life of the radioactive element is 28 years. How much of the original sample will remain in the year 2030? Show your work.
what is the maximum number of grams of silver phosphate that can be produced from the reaction of 287g of silver chlorate with 52.8g of sodium phosphate?
3 Ag(ClO3) + Na3(PO4) —> 3 Na(ClO3) + Ag3(PO4)
Final answer:
The maximum number of grams of silver phosphate that can be produced from 287g of silver chlorate and 52.8g of sodium phosphate is 134.78 grams, determined through stoichiometry and the identification of the limiting reactant.
Explanation:
To determine the maximum number of grams of silver phosphate that can be produced from the reaction of 287g of silver chlorate with 52.8g of sodium phosphate, we first need to calculate the moles of each reactant using their molar masses.
For silver chlorate, Ag(ClO3), its molar mass is approximately 235.77 g/mol. Therefore, 287g represents about 1.217 moles of Ag(ClO3).
For sodium phosphate, Na3PO4, its molar mass is approximately 163.94 g/mol. Therefore, 52.8g represents about 0.322 moles of Na3PO4.
According to the balanced chemical equation, 3 moles of Ag(ClO3) react with 1 mole of Na3PO4 to produce Ag3PO4. We can see that sodium phosphate is the limiting reactant because it will run out first. Using stoichiometry, 0.322 moles of Na3PO4 will produce an equal amount of moles of Ag3PO4.
To find out the mass of Ag3PO4 produced, we convert the moles back to grams using the molar mass of Ag3PO4 (418.58 g/mol). Hence, 0.322 moles of Ag3PO4 corresponds to approximately 134.78 grams of Ag3PO4.
This means the maximum mass of silver phosphate that can be produced from the given amounts of reactants is 134.78 grams.