How is graphite different from other allotropes of carbon?
A. Graphite forms only from carbon atoms, without other atoms mixed in.
B. The carbon atoms in graphite are arranged randomly, without a crystalline
structure.
C. The carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in widely spaced layers.
D. The carbon atoms in graphite are packed extremely densely and tightly.
Answer:
C. The carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in widely spaced layers.
Explanation:
Allotropes are different structural forms of the same element that exist is the same physical state. In other words, they differ in their bonding arrangement.
Carbon has two allotropes: diamond and graphite.
In diamond each C atom is sp3 hybridised and is bonded to 4 other C atoms forming a tetrahedral unit which extends into a crystalline network. In contrast, each C atom in graphite is sp2 hybridised and bonded to 3 other carbon atoms in a crystalline hexagonal layer like structure.
Thus, the carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in widely spaced layers.
At what temperature would a 1.50 m nacl solution freeze, given that the van't hoff factor for nacl is 1.9? kf for water is 1.86 ∘c/m .
Final answer:
To determine the freezing point of a 1.50 m NaCl solution, we need to calculate the freezing point depression using the formula: ΔT = Kf × m × i, where ΔT is the freezing point depression, Kf is the freezing point depression constant for water, m is the molality of the solution, and i is the van 't Hoff factor. In this case, the van 't Hoff factor for NaCl is given as 1.9. The freezing point of the solution can be found by subtracting the calculated freezing point depression from the freezing point of pure water.
Explanation:
To determine the freezing point of a 1.50 m NaCl solution, we need to calculate the freezing point depression using the formula:
ΔT = Kf × m × i,
where ΔT is the freezing point depression, Kf is the freezing point depression constant for water, m is the molality of the solution, and i is the van 't Hoff factor. In this case, the van 't Hoff factor for NaCl is given as 1.9.
Let's substitute the given values into the formula:
ΔT = 1.86 °C/m × 1.50 m × 1.9,
ΔT = 5.31 °C.
To find the freezing point of the solution, we subtract the calculated freezing point depression from the freezing point of pure water, which is 0 °C:
Freezing point = 0 °C - 5.31 °C = -5.31 °C.
Therefore, the 1.50 m NaCl solution would freeze at a temperature of -5.31 °C.
The average atomic mass of oxygen is 15.9994 amu. The atomic masses of its three isotopes are as follows: O-16: 15.995 amu; O-17: 16.999 amu; O-18: 17.999 amu Which isotope is most likely to have the greatest abundance in nature? O–16 O–17 O–18 all three isotopes may be equally abundant
Answer: O-16
Explanation: To keep it short and sweet the answer is O-16
Which of the following atoms would have the greatest velocity if each atom had the same kinetic energy?
An atom would have the greatest velocity if each atom had the same kinetic energy is hydrogen. Therefore, option A is correct.
What do you mean by the kinetic energy ?The energy an item has as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy. A force must be applied to an item in order to accelerate it. We must put forth effort in order to apply a force. Once the job is finished, energy is transferred to the item, which then moves at a new, constant speed.
The reason molecules in gases have the largest kinetic energy is because they have greater space between one another, experience less intermolecular force, and travel at a faster rate, which results in higher energy.
The most kinetic energy is found in gases, whereas solids have the lowest. So, of the examples above, hydrogen has the largest kinetic energy.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably your question was
Which of the following atoms would have the greatest velocity if each atom had the same kinetic energy?
A. Hydrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Carbon
D. Sulfur
A first-order reaction has a rate constant of 0.33 min-1. it takes __________ min for the reactant concentration to decrease from 0.13 m to 0.088 m
The time taken for a first-order reaction's reactant to decrease from 0.13M to 0.088M can be calculated using the formula ln([A]start / [A]finish) = kt. By substituting the provided values into the formula and solving for t, we can get the precise duration.
Explanation:A first-order reaction relies on the concentration of only one reactant. The rate at which this reaction proceeds is directly proportional to this reactant's concentration. The reaction mentioned in this question has its rate constant (k) as 0.33 min-1.
One key formula used to quantify the reaction rate is ln([A]start / [A]finish) = kt. In this formula, [A]start and [A]finish represent the concentration of the reactant at the beginning and end of the period, and t represents the time taken for the reaction.
Substituting the given values into the formula gives us ln(0.13 / 0.088) = 0.33t. Solving this equation for t the time taken to decrease from 0.13M to 0.088M.
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How Many Atoms Are In 356.13 Grams Of Sn
There are three atoms of Sn (Stannous or Tin) in 356.13 g of Sn.
One atom of Sn has the atomic mass (mₐ) of 118,71u which means:
356.13/118.71=3 atoms of Sn
The mass number (symbol A) also called atomic mass number or nucleon number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. It determines the atomic mass of atoms and it is in the periodic table.
How many liters of water vapor can be produced if 108 grams of methane gas (CH4) are combusted at 312 K and 0.98 atm? Show all of the work used to solve this problem. CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) yields CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)
Answer:
176 L liters of water vapor can be produced.
Explanation:
Using the Ideal gas law,
PV = nRT, where P, T, n, R and T stand for pressure, volume, moles, universal gas constant and temperature respectively.
n = m/M, where n, m and M stand for moles, mass and molar mass respectively.
PV = [tex]\frac{mRT}{M}[/tex]
Given ,
T = 312 K
P = 0.98 atm
m = 108 g
M (CH4) = 16.04 g /mol
R = 0.0821 Latm/molK
V = [tex]\frac{mRT}{PM}[/tex]
Plugging the numbers in the Ideal gas law we get,
V = [tex]\frac{(108 g)(0.0821 Latm/molK)(312K)}{(16.04g/mol)(0.98atm)}[/tex]
V = 175.99 L
Count: electrons move around the nucleus of atoms in specific shells, shown by the rings around the atoms in the gizmo. the first ring holds two electrons, and the second holds eight. (electrons in the inner rings are not shown; you can assume these rings are full.)
a. observe the sodium and chlorine atoms. assuming that the inner rings are full of electrons, how many electrons are there total in each atom? sodium: ____________________ chlorine: ___________________
b. each atom is neutrally charged, which means that each atom has the same number of protons and electrons. based on this, how many protons are in each atom? sodium: ____________________ chlorine: ___________________
A neutrally charged atom has the same number of electrons and protons. Therefore, a sodium atom has 11 electrons and 11 protons, while a chlorine atom has 17 electrons and 17 protons.
Explanation:A given atom's electron count can be identified by looking at its atomic number because a neutrally charged atom has an equal amount of protons and electrons. Sodium has an atomic number of 11, which means it has 11 electrons if it is neutrally charged. Similarly, chlorine, with an atomic number of 17, has 17 electrons.
As stated, a neutrally charged atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. Thus, the proton count is also dictated by the atomic number. Sodium, therefore, has 11 protons, and chlorine will have 17 protons.
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For h2o2(g), find the value of δh∘f. (use appendix c in the textbook.)
Answer : - 136.0 KJ/mol
Explanation : The complete question is attached below; assuming that the bond energies are given as per the question to find out the heat of formation of [tex] H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex] we need to draw its lewis dot structure for this reaction;
[tex] H_{2}_{(g)} + O_{2}_{(g)} ----> H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex]
[tex] H_{2} [/tex] will have H-H bond and [tex] O_{2} [/tex] will have O=O with 2 pairs of lone electrons on each of O atom.....These are the bonds which are broken
In [tex] H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex] has H-O-O-H bonds; Here, O atom again has 2 pairs of lone pairs on each O atom; ....These are bonds which are made
ΔH°f = ∑ {ΔH(bonds broken) - ΔH (bonds made)}
ΔH°f = ∑ { (432 + 494) - [(459 X 2) +142] }
On solving, We get,
ΔH°f = -136.0 KJ/mol
Hence, the heat of formation for [tex] H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex] will be -136.0 KJ/mol
Which element's atomic radius increases the most in size when it becomes ionized? A. Sodium B. Chlorine C. Fluorine D. Lithium
What is the name of this hydrocarbon
Answer : The name of the given hydrocarbon is, 2-methylpropane.
Explanation :
The basic rules for naming of organic compounds are :
First select the longest possible carbon chain.For the number of carbon atom, we add prefix as 'meth' for 1, 'eth' for 2, 'prop' for 3, 'but' for 4, 'pent' for 5, 'hex' for 6, 'sept' for 7, 'oct' for 8, 'nona' for 9 and 'deca' for 10.A suffix '-ane' is added at the end of the name of alkane.If two of more similar alkyl groups are present, then the words 'di', 'tri' 'tetra' and so on are used to specify the number of times these alkyl groups appear in the chain.In the given hydrocarbon, the longest possible carbon chain number is 3 that means we add prefix 'prop' and suffix '-ane' and a substituent present at 2nd position of the longest carbon chain. So, the name of given hydrocarbon will be, 2-methylpropane.
Hence, the name of the given hydrocarbon is, 2-methylpropane.
A 50.0 −mL sample of 1.50×10−2 M Na2SO4(aq) is added to 50.0 mL of 1.28×10−2 M Ca(NO3)2(aq). What percentage of the Ca2+ remains unprecipitated?
To determine the percentage of Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated, calculate the moles of Ca2+ and SO4^2- and use the limiting reagent to find the remaining Ca2+. Finally, use this value to calculate the percentage.
Explanation:To determine the percentage of Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated, we first need to calculate the moles of Ca2+ and SO42- in the solution.
The moles of Ca2+ can be calculated using the formula Molarity (M) = Moles (mol) / Volume (L). Once the moles of Ca2+ and SO42- are known, we can determine which ion is the limiting reagent and calculate how much of the other ion remains unprecipitated.
The formula for the percentage of the Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated is: (Moles of Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated / Initial moles of Ca2+) x 100%.
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2.6 g of oxygen gas react with excess hydrogen gas to produce 2.4 g water. What is the percent yield? A. 63% B. 83% C. 160% D. 46%
Answer:
The answer is 83
Explanation:
I took a quiz and 63 was wrong and it was 83
what kind of element has the greatest tendency to attract electrons?why?
The elements which has the greatest tendency to attract electrons are more electronegative. Elements like halogens, oxygen, nitrogen etc. are the most electronegative elements which easily attracts electrons.
What is electronegativity?The ability of an atomic nucleus to attracts its electrons and the bonded pair of electrons is called electronegativity. From left to right in periodic table electronegativity increases from metals to non-metals.
As the electronegativity increases, ionization energy of elements increases. Elements which are deficient of electrons needs to gain electrons to attain stability. According to octet law, as the valence shell fills 8 electrons the atom becomes stable.
Thus, the elements bonds with other elements to attain electrons for filling their octet. The more electronegative atoms attracts the bonded pair of electrons towards it and acquire a partial negative charge.
Halogens are more electronegative since they have seven valence electrons and thus need only one electron to attain octet. Thereby, there will be more tends to attract one electron. Similarly, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen etc. are electronegative elements.
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Calculate the root mean square velocity of gaseous argon atoms at 26 ∘c.
The root mean square velocity of gaseous argon atoms at 26 °C is 364.42 m/s.
Explanation:The root mean square velocity of gaseous argon atoms can be calculated using the equation Vrms= √(3kT/m), where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and m is the mass of the particle.
To calculate the velocity, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the value in degrees Celsius. In this case, the temperature is 26 °C, so T = 26 + 273.15 = 299.15 K.
Substituting the given values and the molar mass of argon into the equation, we get Vrms= √(3 (1.38x10-23 J/K) (299.15 K) / (39.948 g/mol)) = 364.42 m/s.
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The root mean square speed of gaseous argon atoms at 26 degrees Celsius is calculated using the root mean square equation and the constants for the Boltzmann constant and the molar mass of argon. The temperature is also converted to Kelvin.
Explanation:In order to calculate the root mean square velocity of gaseous argon atoms at 26 degrees Celsius, we have to use the root mean square speed equation, which is also known as the urms equation. The urms is a measure of the average speed for a group of particles. This equation is calculated as the square root of the average squared speed.
Firstly, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature. Hence, the temperature (T) becomes 299.15K.
The formula for root mean square velocity is Vrms = sqrt(3kT/m) where k is the Boltzmann constant (1.38×10−23 J/K) and m is the molar mass of argon which is 39.95g/mol. Please note, that the molar mass should be converted to kg/mol which becomes 39.95x10^-3 kg/mol.
So, urms=sqrt[(3)(1.38×10−23 J/K)(299.15K)/(39.95x10^-3 kg/mol)]. This will give you the root mean square speed of gaseous argon atoms at 26 degrees Celsius.
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What is steam distillation and why is it a preferred technique to purify high boiling liquids that are water-insoluble?
Steam distillation is a separation process for temperature sensitive materials and it is used for purification of organic compounds.
The water vapor carries small amounts of the vaporized compounds (water and organic molecules) to the condensation flask. This is preferred technique because allows easy separation of the components by decantation or other suitable methods, because product od distilation is a two phase system of water and the organic distillate.
Steam distillation is a technique used to purify high boiling liquids that are water-insoluble. It involves introducing steam to vaporize the compound at a temperature lower than its normal boiling point, making the process efficient and preventing decomposition.
What is Steam Distillation?
Steam distillation is a variation of simple distillation technique that involves the use of steam or water in addition to the material to be distilled. The main purpose of utilizing steam is to facilitate the distillation of compounds that are water-insoluble and have high boiling points. When steam is introduced into the distilling flask, it helps in vaporizing the organic compound at a temperature lower than its normal boiling point. This process is ideal for purifying such substances because it reduces the risk of decomposition, which is often linked with the high temperatures required for distilling high boiling point liquids.
The distillation apparatus setup for this method is similar to that of simple distillation, with slight modifications to introduce steam into the system. There are two primary ways to add the steam: indirectly by connecting to a building's steam line, or directly by boiling water within the distillation flask itself.
Steam distillation is especially beneficial in separating and purifying volatile compounds from non-volatile impurities or substances with very high boiling points without decomposition. This method is not only used in laboratory settings but also has wide applications in industrial processes, such as the extraction of essential oils and the refinement of certain petrochemicals.
Calculate the mass of nitrogen dissolved at room temperature in a 80.0 l home aquarium. assume a total pressure of 1.0 atm and the mole fraction for nitrogen of 0.78. (the kh value for nitrogen in water is 6.1 x 10-4 m/atm.)
Final answer:
To calculate the mass of nitrogen dissolved in an 80.0 L aquarium, apply Henry's Law using the mole fraction and total pressure alongside the molar mass of N2, resulting in approximately 1.066 grams of dissolved nitrogen.
Explanation:
To calculate the mass of nitrogen dissolved in an 80.0 L home aquarium at room temperature, we consider the given total pressure of 1.0 atm and the mole fraction for nitrogen of 0.78. With the Henry's law constant (Kh) for nitrogen in water being 6.1 x 10-4 M/atm, we can determine the concentration of dissolved nitrogen first.
First, calculate the partial pressure of nitrogen (PN2) using the mole fraction and total pressure:
PN2 = mole fraction of N2 * total pressure = 0.78 * 1.0 atm = 0.78 atm
Next, apply Henry's Law to find the concentration of N2 in moles per liter (M):
Concentration of N2 = Kh * PN2 = 6.1 x 10-4 M/atm * 0.78 atm = 4.758 x 10-4 M
To find the total moles of N2 dissolved, multiply this concentration by the volume of the aquarium in liters:
Total moles of N2 = 4.758 x 10-4 M * 80.0 L = 0.038064 mol
Finally, to calculate the mass, we multiply the total moles by the molar mass of N2 (28.01 g/mol):
Mass of N2 = 0.038064 mol * 28.01 g/mol = 1.066 g
The atomic number of gold (Au) is 79, and it has a mass number of 197. How many electrons are present in each atom of gold?
Which of the following expands to fill the container it is in, but can be compressed to a smaller volume when pressure is applied
Which acid is the strongest? pH = 0.5 pH = 2.0 pH = 3.5 pH = 5
Answer:
The most acidic or strongest acid is with pH equal to 0.5
Explanation:
The pH of the solution is defined as negative logarithm of [tex]H^+[/tex] concentration.
Mathematically can written as:
[tex]pH=-\log[H^+][/tex]
[tex]pH\propto \frac{1}{[H^+]}[/tex]
From the above expression we can see that pH of the solution is inversely related to the concentration of the [tex]H^+[/tex] ions.
This means that higher the concentration of [tex]H^+[/tex] ions in the solution higher will be pH and more acidic will be the solution.
So, from the given option the most acidic or strongest acid is with pH equal to 0.5 because the concentration [tex]H^+[/tex] ions is highest in this solution with respect to other solutions.
Is more chemical weathering likely to occur in New York location or in the Illinois location? Explain your answer. HELP NEEDED (Science)
An aqueous solution has an h3o+ concentration of 4.4×10-2 m. calculate [oh–] for this solution.
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Which part of a watershed is at the lowest elevation?
A.
divide
B.
boundary
C.
basin
D.
collection area
In an ecosystem, collection area is a part of a watershed which is at the lowest elevation.
What is an ecosystem?An ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.
Energy enters the ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.
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Which element is most metallic in character? EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING
When parasites are found in food, the food has been exposed to _____ contamination.
Answer: Coli contamination/ E.coli contamination
Explanation:
When there are harmful substance in, whether microorganisms or chemicals in food which can cause adverse effects on animals, the term for it is called food contamination. Food contamination can be caused contamination by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.
One of the microorganisms that can be found in food and poses threat to animals life is the Escherichia coli. Escherichia is a bacteria. Naturallyy, the Escherichia coli can be found in animals(including humans) intestines. So, some kinds might be harmless.
While some are poisonous and cause food poisoning. Some of the symptoms include: pneumonia, diarrhea, respiratory illness and so on.
The rate of disappearance of hbr in the gas phase reaction 2hbr(g)→h2(g)+br2(g) is 0.140 m s-1 at 150°c. the rate of appearance of h2 is ________ m s-1.
The reaction rate is the rate at which reactants convert to the product. The rate of appearance of hydrogen is [tex]\bold{ 0.070 ms^-^1}[/tex]
The given reaction,
[tex]\bold { 2HBr(g) \rightarrow H_2 (g)+Br_2(g)}[/tex]
2 moles of HBr degrade to form 1 mole of Hydrogen and 1 mole of bromine.
The rate of disappearance of HBr = 0.140 m [tex]\bold {s^-^1}[/tex]
Since the molar ratio between HBr and Hydrogen is 2:1.
So,
[tex]\bold{Ra(H_2) = \dfrac {Rd(HBr)} {2}}[/tex]
Where,
[tex]\bold{Ra(H_2)}[/tex] - Rate of appearance of Hydrogen
[tex]\bold{ Rd(HBr)}[/tex]- Rate of disappearance of HBr
Put the value,
[tex]\bold{Ra(H_2) = \dfrac {Rd(HBr)} {2}}\\\\\bold {Ra(H_2) = \dfrac {0.140 m/s} {2}}\\\\\bold { Ra(H_2) = 0.070 ms^-^1}[/tex]
Therefore, the rate of appearance of hydrogen is [tex]\bold{ 0.070 ms^-^1}[/tex].
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2. List the layers of Earth from the center out to the crust. What is the composition of each layer?
which element has the greatest atomic radius.
As
N
P
Sb
Answer : 'Sb' is the element which has the greatest atomic radius.
Explanation :
The general trend of the atomic radium of the element is that,
As we are going from left to right in a periodic table the atomic radius of the elements decreases and as we are going from top to bottom in a periodic table the atomic radius of the elements increases.
The given elements are the group 15 elements in which the 'Sb' is the element which has the greatest atomic radius as compared to N, P and As because as we are going from top to bottom in group 15 the the atomic radius of the elements increases that means the number of energy shells increases.
Hence, 'Sb' is the element which has the greatest atomic radius.
why might polar bears might become extinct A. they may drown when the glaciers melt B. too many people hunt them C. they do not have any predators D. their thick fur is not suited for a warming climate
They may drown when the glaciers melt is the cause of extinction of polar bears.
Reasons for extinction of polar bearsThe climate change is the main factor for extinction of polar bear. This climate change is responsible for melting and fragmention of sea ice across the Arctic, forcing more pregnant females to migrate to land. This fragmentation also causes the drowning of polar bears.
So we can conclude that They may drown when the glaciers melt is the cause of extinction of polar bears.
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Answer:
Explanation:
A) Their thick fur is not suited for a warming climate.
Is the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram still a valid instrument in studying stars, given that it is over 100 years old?
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
Hello,
As long as it shows important relationships between the size and color of stars, age wouldn't affect observation and measurement but will just provide more accurate results but the method is still valid.
Best regards.
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation: