Photosynthesis is an endothermic chemical reaction that forms sugars from carbon dioxide, water, and the sun's energy. Which of the following must be true of photosynthesis?

The reaction can take place only if energy is added.
The reactants are oxidized.
The photosynthesis reaction produces ions.
The molecular bonds in carbon dioxide are very weak.

[tex]\boxed{\text{4.79 g}}[/tex] of KBr is required to make 350 mL of 0.115 M KBr solution.

Further Explanation:

Concentration is defined as the amount or quantity of solute present in specific amount of solution. In order to evaluate concentration of various solutions, different concentration terms are used. Some of these are mentioned below.

1. Molarity (M)

2. Molality (m)  

3. Mole fraction (X)  

4. Parts per million (ppm)  

5. Mass percent ((w/w) %)  

6. Volume percent ((v/v) %)  

Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute that can be dissolved in one litre of the solution. It is denoted by M and its unit is mol/L.

The formula to calculate molarity of KBr solution is as follows:

  [tex]\text{Molarity of KBr solution}=\dfrac{\text{Moles of KBr}}{\text{Volume (L) of KBr solution}}[/tex]  ...... (1)

Rearrange equation (1) to calculate moles of KBr.

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Moles of KBr}&=\left[{(\text{Molarity of KBr solution})\\&\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }(\text{Volume (L) of KBr solution})]\right]\end{aligned}}[/tex]        ...... (2)

Substitute 0.115 M for molarity of KBr solution and 350 mL for volume of KBr  solution in equation (2).

[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{Moles of KBr}&=(\text{0.115 M})(\text{350 mL)}\left(\dfrac{\text{10}^{-3}\text{ L}}{\text{1 mL}}\right)\\&=\text{0.04025 mol}\end{aligned}[/tex]

The formula to calculate moles of KBr is as follows:

[tex]\text{Moles of KBr}=\dfrac{\text{Mass of KBr}}{\text{Molar mass of KBr}}[/tex]                                       ...... (3)

Rearrange equation (3) for mass of KBr.

[tex]\text{Mass of KBr}=(\text{Moles of KBr})(\text{Molar mass of KBr})[/tex]               ...... (4)

Substitute 0.04025 mol for moles of KBr and 119.002 g/mol for molar mass of KBr in equation (4).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Mass of KBr}&=(\text{0.004025 mol})(\text{119.002 g/mol})\\&=\text{4.79 g}}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore 4.79 g of KBr is required to make 350 mL of a 0.115 M KBr solution.

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Concentration terms

Keywords: molarity, KBr, 350 mL, 0.115 M, 4.79 g, mass, molar mass, concentration terms, concentration, solute, moles of solute, volume.

In the titration of a weak acid with a strong base, the pH after adding 20.00 mL of base can be determined by considering the concentration of the weak acid and the remaining base after the reaction.

To determine the pH after adding 20.00 mL of a 0.10 M strong base to a 40.00 mL sample of a 0.10 M weak acid with a Ka value of 1.8×10−5, we need to consider the reaction between the acid and the base.

Since the acid is weak, it does not dissociate completely. As a result, the pH can be calculated by considering the concentration of the weak acid and the remaining base after the reaction.

Using the titration curve as a reference, you can find the pH value corresponding to 20.00 mL of added base.

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Answer is: There is only one reactant.

Synthesis reaction is a type of reaction in which multiple reactants combine to form a single product.

For example, balanced chemical reaction: Ba + F₂ → BaF₂.

In barium fluoride, barium has oxidation number +2 and fluorine has oxidation number -1, so compound has neutral charge.

Second chemical reaction: CaO(s) + H₂O(l) → Ca(OH)₂(aq).

One molecule is produced from two molecules.

A synthesis reaction typically involves substrates bonding to form larger molecules, but the process is not always linear, may involve multiple steps and intermediates, and can include unexpected outcomes like isomerization or complex cyclization patterns.

One aspect that is not always true about a synthesis reaction is that they do not necessarily occur in a linear fashion. A synthesis reaction, in chemistry, usually involves two or more substrates reacting to form a larger molecule, commonly expressed as A + B → AB. This process generally requires energy to form new bonds. However, it is not always a straightforward single step; multiple-step synthesis may be involved, where intermediate products are formed before the final molecule is synthesized.

Moreover, certain synthesis reactions, like those leading to the formation of allenes and alkynes, may competewith isomerization processes, leading to a mix of products rather than a single, pure compound. Also, not all synthesis reactions strictly follow predictable rules like Markovikov's rule, which is often used to predict the outcome of electrophilic addition reactions. In cases where the molecular geometry affects reactivity, the result of a synthesis reaction might diverge from expected patterns.

Finally, the complexity of the molecular structure being synthesized can affect the nature of the synthesis reaction. For example, schemes involving cyclization can lead to the formation of multiple new rings in a compound, demonstrating that synthesis can be a versatile tool for constructing complex molecules.

Answer:

The electron configuration of a chlorine ion in a compound of BeCl2 is

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶

Explanation:

Beryllium chloride (BeCl2) is an ionic compound where Be is an alkaline earth metal (group 2) and Cl is a halogen atom (group 17).

Alkaline earth metals have a charge of +2 while halogens exhibit a -1 charge. Hence in BeCl2 each Be atom exists as Be2+ cation and Cl exists as Cl- anion.

The atomic number of Cl = 17. The valence electron configuration for the neutral atom is:

Cl(Z=17) = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵

The chloride ion has an addition electron, therefore

Cl⁻(Z = 17+1 = 18) = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶

To find the number of moles of potassium bromide in the beaker after adding additional water, calculate the new concentration and multiply it by the new volume.

To find the number of moles of potassium bromide in the beaker, we can use the formula:

Moles = Concentration x Volume

Initially, the beaker contains 0.50 mol of potassium bromide in 600 ml of water. When an additional 600 ml of water is added, the total volume becomes 1200 ml. To find the new concentration, we divide the number of moles (0.50 mol) by the new volume (1200 ml):

Concentration = Moles / Volume = 0.50 mol / 1200 ml = 0.00042 mol/ml

The new number of moles of potassium bromide in the beaker is:

New Moles = Concentration x Volume = 0.00042 mol/ml x 1200 ml = 0.50 mol

Answer:

0.668 g of barium sulfate

Explanation:

Given,

Balanced chemical equation: BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2NaCl.

Volume of BaCl₂ = 25.34 mL x [tex]\frac{1L}{1000 ml }[/tex]= 0.02534 L.

Molarity of BaCl₂ = 0.113 M

Molarilty = [tex]\frac{moles of solute}{L of the solution }[/tex]

Moles of solute = Molarilty x L of the solution

Moles of BaCl₂ = 0.113 M x 0.02534 L = 0.00286 mol.

From the balanced chemical equation there is a 1:1 molar ratio between BaCl₂ and BaSO₄

Therefore, moles of BaCl₂ = moles of BaSO₄

Moles of BaSO₄ = 0.00286 mol.

Mass of BaSO₄ = moles of BaSO₄ x Molar mass of BaSO₄

Mass of BaSO₄ = 0.00286 mol x 233.4 g/mol.

Mass of BaSO₄ = 0.668 g.

The correct answer is false.

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The ideal equation relates the temperature with the pressure and the volume of the gas. When the temperature is increased then the volume will be 4 cubic meters.

An ideal gas equation depicts the relation between the temperature to that of the volume and the pressure of the gas.

The formula is given as,

[tex]\rm \dfrac{P_{1}V_{1}}{P_{2}V_{2}} = \rm \dfrac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}[/tex]

Given,

Initial pressure = 100 kPa

Initial volume = 2 cubic meter

Initial temperature = 100 K

Final pressure = 200 kPa

Final volume = ?

Final temperature = 400 K

The final volume is calculated as:

[tex]\begin{aligned} \rm V_{2} &= \rm \dfrac{P_{1}V_{1}T_{2}}{T_{1}}\\\\&= \dfrac{100\times 2 \times 400}{200 \times 100}\\\\&= 4 \;\rm m^{3}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, 4 cubic meters is the volume of the final gas.

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Option D : [tex]Cu^{2+}(aq)+2 e^{-}\rightarrow Cu(s)[/tex]

Reduction take place when oxidation state of atom of an element decrease. Here, addition of electron/s takes place. Opposite to that in oxidation, oxidation state increases and here, loss of electron/s take place.

The balanced chemical equation is as follows:

[tex]2Al(s)+3Cu^{2+}(aq)\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}(aq)+3Cu(s)[/tex]

Here, oxidation state of Al changes from zero to +3 thus, it undergoes oxidation and oxidation state of Cu changes from +2 to zero thus, it undergoes reduction.

The half reactions will be:

Oxidation: [tex]Al(s)\rightarrow Al^{3+}(aq)+3e^{-}[/tex]

Reduction: [tex]Cu^{2+}(aq)+2 e^{-}\rightarrow Cu(s)[/tex]

Therefore, option D is correct.

The ionic equation represents the electrolytes in the dissociated ion form in the aqueous solution. Half-reaction which represents the reduction is the increased number of electrons in the copper atom.

Reduction in the chemical reaction is the increase in the number of electrons in the atoms, while oxidation is the decrease in the number of electrons from an atom.

The balanced chemical reaction is shown as:

[tex]\rm 2Al + 3Cu^{2+} \rightarrow 2Al^{3+} + 3Cu[/tex]

Reduction occurs when the oxidation number of the atom decreases and electrons are added to it. In the reaction the oxidation number of copper changes from +2 to 0 hence, undergoes reduction.

The half-reaction of the equation is written as,

Oxidation: [tex]\rm Al \rightarrow Al^{3+} + 3e^{-}[/tex]

Reduction: [tex]\rm Cu^{2+} + 2e^{-} \rightarrow Cu[/tex]

Therefore, reduction takes place at option D. [tex]\rm Cu^{2+} + 2e^{-} \rightarrow Cu.[/tex]

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An organic compound which contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms is called the hydrocarbon. The expanded structural formula for an alkane with three carbon atoms (Propane) is CH₃–CH₂–CH₃. The correct option is B.

The saturated hydrocarbons which consists of only single bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms without any other functional groups are known as alkanes. Their general formula is CₙH₂ₙ ₊ ₂ where 'n' represents the number of carbon atoms.

A formula which denotes all the atoms and bonds present in a compound is defined as the expanded structural formula. But a condensed structural formula omits most of the bonds.

The formula of propane is C₃H₈ and it is a colourless gas.  Its expanded structural formula is CH₃–CH₂–CH₃ which contains three single bonds, 8 'H' atoms and 3 'C' atoms.

Thus the correct option is B.

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The expanded structural formula for an alkane with three carbon atoms is CH₃-CH₂-CH₃, which represents propane with the molecular formula C₃H₈.

The expanded structural formula for an alkane with three carbon atoms is CH₃-CH₂-CH₃. This compound is known as propane, which follows the general alkane formula CₙH₂ₙ+2. In this case, with three carbon atoms (n=3), the molecular formula becomes C₃H(₂x₃)₊₂, which simplifies to C₃H₈. Therefore, C₃H₈ is the correct molecular formula for propane, whereas C₃H₆ would be an alkene with a double bond between carbon atoms, not an alkane.

Option d: N and P

In a periodic table, elements within the same group have similar properties.

(a) K and He: Here, K (potassium) belongs to group 1 , alkali metals and He belongs to group 18, noble gas thus, they cannot have similar properties.

(b) Li and B: Here, Li (lithium) belongs to group 1, alkali metals and B (boron) belongs to group 13, it is the only non-metal in group 13. Thus, they cannot have similar properties.

(c) I and Ca: Here, I (iodine) belongs to group 17, halogen, they electronegative in nature and Ca (calcium) belongs to group 2, alkaline earth metal, they are electropositive in nature. Thus, they cannot have similar properties.

(d) N and P: Here, both N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) belongs to group 15, they both are non metals and have 5 electrons in their outermost shell thus, they both have similar properties.

Therefore, option (d) is correct.

Answer:  an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution

An alkaline fuel cell is a zero-emission device whose one major component is the electrolyte. An electrolyte, on the other hand,  is a solution that is able to conduct electricity. In an alkaline fuel cell. The electrolyte is an alkaline liquid, and potassium hydroxide also known as KOH is the only alkaline liquid among the choices. 

Answer:

C JULY 23RD

Explanation

The approximate date of the next full moon can be estimated to be approximately 22.5 days after July 2.

The approximate date of the next full moon can be estimated by calculating the time it takes for the Moon to go through its phases. According to the information provided, it takes about 29.5 days for the Moon to complete a full cycle of phases. Since the third quarter moon occurs about a week after the full moon, we can estimate that the next full moon would be approximately 22.5 days after July 2. So, if the third-quarter moon was observed on July 2, the approximate date for the next full moon would be roughly July 9 or 10, depending on the exact time of the third-quarter phase.

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Water is often referred as a universal solvent because it is capable dissolving much more solutes as compared to any other solvent.  This is because, water is a high polar molecule. In water, H has partial positive charge while O has partial negative charge. 

Due to this, water favors dissociation of molecules into positively and negatively charged ions. Positively charge ions gets attracted  towards oxygen i.e. negatively charges, while negatively charged ions get attracted towards positive end of water molecule. 

However, it is worth nothing that, despite water being referred as universal solvent, many compounds are insoluble or partially soluble in water. For instance, most of the hydroxide displays poor solubility in water.

Answer:

Water is polar with a positive and negative side.

I hope this helps! Good luck on your test!

The 3.0% (v/v) label indicates that for every 100 mL of solution, there are 3.0 mL of hydrogen peroxide. Thus, in a 400 mL bottle, there would be 12 mL of hydrogen peroxide.

The percentage given here is a volume/volume percentage, meaning that for every 100 mL of solution, there are 3.0 mL of hydrogen peroxide. To find out how much hydrogen peroxide is in a 400 mL bottle, you just need to scale this proportion up.

Set up an equation like this:

3.0 mL H₂O₂ / 100 mL solution = x mL H₂O₂ / 400 mL solution. Solving for x gives you:
x = (3.0 mL H₂O₂ / 100 mL solution) * 400 mL solution

So, there are 12 mL of hydrogen peroxide in the 400 mL bottle of solution.

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The chlorine atom released from the ultraviolet decomposition of CFCs acts as a catalyst for the decomposition of ozone in the atmosphere.

The product of the ultraviolet decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that acts as a catalyst for ozone decomposition is the highly reactive chlorine atom (Cl). When CFCs like CCl₂F₂ are exposed to UV radiation, a chlorine atom is released due to the photolytic cleavage of the CFC molecule. This chlorine atom can then catalyze the destruction of ozone by participating in a series of reactions where it converts ozone (O3) into oxygen gas (O2), regenerating the chlorine atom to continue the cycle of ozone depletion.

A simplified mechanism of this process is as follows:

These reactions demonstrate how chlorine liberated from CFCs can lead to the breakdown of a large number of ozone molecules, thus significantly contributing to ozone layer depletion.

Answer:

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