PLEASE ANSWER FAST
If iron pyrite, FeS2, is not removed from coal, oxygen from the air will combine with both the iron and the sulfur as coal burns. If a furnace burns an amount of coal containing 198.20 g of FeS2, how much SO2 (an air pollutant) is produced?

4 FeS2 + 11 O2 → 2 Fe2O3 + 8 SO2
Select one:
a. 211.7
b. 52.92
c. 590.8
d. 582.1

Answer:

1. [H₃O⁺] = 2.0 x 10⁻⁹ M.

   [OH⁻] = 3.55 x 10⁻⁶ M.

  The solution is basic.

2. [H₃O⁺] = 3.16 x 10⁻⁴ M.

   [OH⁻] = 3.16 x 10⁻¹¹  M.

  The solution is acidic.

3. [OH⁻] = 2.72 x 10⁻⁷ M.

   pH = 7.435.

   The solution is basic.

4. [OH⁻] = 9.89 x 10⁻³ M.

   pH = 2.0.

   The solution is acidic.

5. [H₃O⁺] = 1.82 x 10⁻⁵ M.

   pH = 4.74.

  The solution is acidic.

6.

[H₃O⁺] = 1.176 x 10⁻¹³ M.

   pH = 12.93.

   The solution is basic.

7. The solution is basic.

8. The solution is acidic.

9. The solution is acidic.

10. The solution is neutral.

Explanation:

pH = - log[H⁺],

pOH = - log[OH⁻],

Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.

pH scale is a scale from 0 to 14, from which we can determine the nature of the solution:

1. Given pH = 8.55, Find: [H₃O⁺] and [OH⁻], Is this acidic, basic or neutral?

∵ pH = - log[H₃O⁺]

∴ 8.55 =  - log[H₃O⁺]

∴ [H₃O⁺] = 2.0 x 10⁻⁹ M.

∵ Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.

∴  [OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴/[H₃O⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴/(2.0 x 10⁻⁹ M) = 3.55 x 10⁻⁶ M.

∵ pH = 8.55 > 7,

∴ The solution is basic.

2. Given pH = 3.50, Find: [H₃O⁺] and [OH⁻], Is this acidic, basic or neutral?

∵ pH = - log[H₃O⁺]

∴ 3.50 =  - log[H₃O⁺]

∴ [H₃O⁺] = 3.16 x 10⁻⁴ M.

∵ Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.

∴  [OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴/[H₃O⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴/(3.16 x 10⁻¹⁴ M) = 3.16 x 10⁻¹¹ M.

∵ pH = 3.50 < 7,

∴ The solution is acidic.

3. Given [H₃O⁺] = 3.67 x 10⁻⁸ M, Find: [OH⁻] and pH, Is this acidic, basic or neutral?

∵ Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.

∴  [OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴/[H₃O⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴/(3.67 x 10⁻⁸ M) = 2.72 x 10⁻⁷ M.

∵ pH = - log[H₃O⁺]

∴ pH = - log(3.67 x 10⁻⁸ M) = 7.435.

∵ pH = 7.435 > 7,

∴ The solution is basic.

4. Given [H₃O⁺] = 9.89 x 10⁻³ M, Find: [OH⁻] and pH, Is this acidic, basic or neutral?

∵ Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.

∴  [OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴/[H₃O⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴/(9.89 x 10⁻³ M) = 9.89 x 10⁻³ M.

∵ pH = - log[H₃O⁺]

∴ pH = - log(9.89 x 10⁻³ M) = 2.0.

∵ pH = 2.0 < 7,

∴ The solution is acidic.

5. Given [OH⁻] = 5.5 x 10⁻¹⁰ M, Find: [H₃O⁺] and pH, Is this acidic, basic or neutral?

 ∵ Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.

∴  [H₃O⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴/[OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴/(5.5 x 10⁻¹⁰ M) = 1.82 x 10⁻⁵ M.

∵ pH = - log[H₃O⁺]

∴ pH = - log(1.82 x 10⁻⁵ M) = 4.74.

∵ pH = 4.74 < 7,

∴ The solution is acidic.

6. Given [OH⁻] = 8.5 x 10⁻² M, Find: [H₃O⁺] and pH, Is this acidic, basic or neutral?

∵ Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.

∴  [H₃O⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴/[OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴/(8.5 x 10⁻² M) = 1.176 x 10⁻¹³ M.

∵ pH = - log[H₃O⁺]

∴ pH = - log(1.176 x 10⁻¹³ M) = 12.93.

∵ pH = 12.93 > 7,

∴ The solution is basic.

7. Given [OH⁻] = 3.75 x 10⁻⁵ M, Is this acidic, basic or neutral?  How do you know?

∵ Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.

∴  [H₃O⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴/[OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴/(3.75 x 10⁻⁵ M) = 2.67 x 10⁻¹⁰ M.

∵ pH = - log[H₃O⁺]

∴ pH = - log(2.67 x 10⁻¹⁰ M) = 9.57.

∵ pH = 9.57 > 7,

∴ The solution is basic.

8. Given [H₃O⁺] = 3.75 x 10⁻³ M, Is this acidic, basic or neutral?  How do you know?

∵ pH = - log[H₃O⁺]

∴ pH = - log(3.75 x 10⁻³ M) = 2.43.

∵ pH = 2.43 < 7,

∴ The solution is acidic.

9. Given pH = 6.75,  Is this acidic, basic or neutral?  How do you know?

∵ pH = 6.75 < 7,

∴ The solution is acidic.

10. Given [H₃O⁺] = 1.00 x 10⁻⁷ M, Is this acidic, basic or neutral?  How do you know?

∵ pH = - log[H₃O⁺]

∴ pH = - log(1.0 x 10⁻⁷ M) = 7.0.

∵ pH = 7.0,

∴ The solution is neutral.

Answer:

D) blood glucose levels are low

Explanation:

When glucose levels are low, glucagon levels increase. The glucagon will then bind to receptors on the adipose cells' surface, thus setting off further reactions which culminates in fatty acids being released from the cells. They will then flow through the circulatory system, where they will either bind to a protein in blood or be used by muscle tissue for energy.

Answer:

N, Ne, F, B, Li

Explanation:

Valence electrons are the electrons that are found in the outermost shell in a neutral atom. These five elements are the only one whose valence electrons fall on the same shell. The second shell. Their electronic configurations are as follows:

N: 2,5

Ne:2,8

F:2,7

B:2,5

Li: 2,3

The elements in each of these sets: Nitrogen (N), Arsenic (As), Bismuth (Bi) and Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Arsenic (As) belong to the same group hence their valence electrons are in the same shell. Elements Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Fluorine (F) and Lithium (Li), Nitrogen (N), Fluorine (F) don't belong to the same period, therefore, their valence electrons are not in the same shell.

Looking at the given elements, we can determine which groups have their valence electrons in the same shell by referring to the periodic table. Elements on the same period (row) have their valence electrons in the same shell. Here, the elements are:

Nitrogen (N), Arsenic (As), Bismuth (Bi) belong to group 15 (VA), and hence have valence electrons in the same shell.

Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Fluorine (F) do not belong to the same period and hence their valence electrons are not in the same shell.

Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Arsenic (As) belong to group 13 (IIIA), hence, their valence electrons are present in the same shell.

Lithium (Li), Nitrogen (N), Fluorine (F) do not belong to the same period and hence their valence electrons are not in the same shell.

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Final answer:

The reaction 2N2O(g) → 2N2(g) + O2(g) indicates a positive entropy change (ΔS) since the number of gas molecules increases, but the enthalpy change (ΔH) cannot be determined without more information.

Explanation:

For the reaction 2N2O(g) → 2N2(g) + O2(g), we're interested in determining whether the enthalpy change (ΔH) and the entropy change (ΔS) are positive or negative. Enthalpy is a measure of the heat change during a reaction, while entropy measures the disorder or randomness.

Generally, the formation of a gas from non-gaseous reactants would indicate an increase in entropy due to the increase in randomness. However, since both the reactants and products in this reaction are gases, we look at the change in the number of moles of gas. The reaction goes from two moles of N2O (g) to a total of three moles of gases (two moles of N2 and one mole of O2), which means there is an increase in the number of gaseous particles, suggesting an increase in disorder (a positive ΔS).

Without specific data on the heat exchanged during this reaction (enthalpy change), the students would not be able to definitively determine ΔH with the information provided in the question. They would only be able to infer that ΔS is positive because the number of gas molecules increases.

Final answer:

For the reaction 2N2O(g) → 2N2(g) + O2(g), it is likely that ΔH is negative (exothermic decomposition) and ΔS is positive (increase in gas molecules, indicating higher entropy). Hence, the answer is (C) a negative ΔH and a positive ΔS.

Explanation:

The reaction 2N2O(g) → 2N2(g) + O2(g) involves the decomposition of dinitrogen oxide into nitrogen and oxygen gases. To determine the signs of ΔH (enthalpy change) and ΔS (entropy change), we look at the reactants and products. In the given reaction, we're starting with two molecules of dinitrogen oxide and producing four molecules (two of nitrogen and one of oxygen). Entropy (ΔS) is a measure of disorder, so an increase in the number of gas molecules typically indicates an increase in entropy (ΔS > 0), since gases have more disorder than solids or liquids.

Regarding enthalpy (ΔH), without specific data, it's not definitive what the enthalpy change is. However, we can sometimes infer whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic based on the type of reaction. Decomposition reactions, especially those that break down compounds into their elemental states, are often exothermic. Hence, it's probable (but not certain) that ΔH < 0. Therefore, the most likely answer is that the decomposition of dinitrogen oxide has a negative ΔH and a positive ΔS, which corresponds to option (C).

Answer:

B,D,A,C,E

Explanation:

The first five steps of glycolysis are explained below:

Step -1 :The food we eat contains glucose which is converted to glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of enzyme hexokinase/ glucokinase. One ATP molecule is consumed in this step.

Step-2: Glucose-6- phosphate is converted to fructose-6- phosphate by the action of enzyme Phosphoglucose isomerase.

Step-3: Fructose-6- phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-biphosphate in the presence of enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) . One more ATP molecule is consumed in this step.

Step-4: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in the presence of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase is converted to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GADP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)

Step-5: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) in the presence of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI)  is converted to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GADP).

Hence, the order it follows is:

B. hexokinase / glucokinase

D. Phosphoglucoisomerase

A. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

C. fructose bisphosphate aldolase

E. triose phosphate isomerase (TPI)

The trend is : B,D,A,C,E

The correct sequence of enzymes for the first five steps of glycolysis is: hexokinase/glucokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphofructokinase-1, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, and triose phosphate isomerase. This corresponds to answer choice B, D, A, C, E.

In the first step of glycolysis, hexokinase/glucokinase (B) phosphorylates glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate. This molecule is then converted into fructose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase (D). The enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (A) then phosphorylates fructose-6-phosphate to create fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Fructose bisphosphate aldolase (C) breaks down fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon molecules: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Lastly, triose phosphate isomerase (E) converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate into a second glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecule.

So the correct order of the enzymes for the first five steps of glycolysis is: hexokinase/glucokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphofructokinase-1, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, and triose phosphate isomerase. This corresponds to the answer choice B, D, A, C, E.

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Answer:

4.51 kJ of heat is liberated to the surroundings when 1 gram of zinc sulfide is roasted.

Explanation:

From the reaction and its associated enthalpy change, we know that the heat associated with 2 moles of zinc sulfide is -879 kJ.

Data: 1 gram of zinc sulfide

moles of zinc sulfide = mass of zinc sulfide / Molecular weight of zinc sulfide

moles = 1 g/ (97.474 g/mol) = 0.01 mol

The following proportion must be satisfied:

2 moles / 0.01 mol  = -879 kJ / x kJ

x = -879*0.01/2 = -4.395 kJ

The negative sign means that the heat is liberated to the surroundings.

Final answer:

The heat associated with roasting 1 gram of zinc sulfide can be calculated using the given information. For 1 gram of ZnS, the heat would be -4.48 kJ.

Explanation:

The heat associated with roasting 1 gram of zinc sulfide can be calculated using the given information. The equation for the reaction is: 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g). The enthalpy change (ΔH) for this reaction is -879 kJ. We need to find the heat associated with roasting 1 gram of zinc sulfide, so we can use the molar mass of ZnS to convert the mass from grams to moles. The molar mass of ZnS is approximately 97.45 g/mol. Therefore, 1 gram of ZnS is equal to 0.0103 moles of ZnS. To calculate the heat, we can use the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation. For every 2 moles of ZnS, we have an enthalpy change of -879 kJ. Therefore, for 0.0103 moles of ZnS, the heat associated with roasting would be (0.0103/2) x -879 kJ = -4.48 kJ.

Answer : The rate order of reaction is, second order reaction.

Explanation :

Rate of reaction : It is defined as the rate of change in concentration of reactant or product with respect to time.

Order of reaction : It is defined as the sum of the exponents or powers to which the molar concentration in the rate law equation are raised to express the observed rate of reaction.

As per question the reaction will be :

[tex]A+B\rightarrow C+D[/tex]

The given rate expression is,

[tex]Rate=k[A][B][/tex]

From this expression we conclude that the power of concentration of reactant A and B are 1, 1.

The sum of power of concentration of reactant A and B = 1 + 1 = 2

That means it is a second order reaction.

Hence, the rate order of reaction is, second order reaction.

Answer:

second - order

Explanation:

Answer:

they are the same process, just reversed

Explanation:

Electrolysis is the process that converts electrical energy into chemical energy. The process involves the decomposition of an ionic compound by means of electric current passed through its solution.

A battery is an electrochemical cell in which chemical energy is converted to electrical energy. Here chemical reactions usually redox produces electric current.

Answer:

option b

Explanation:

When the energy is released the process is called exothermic reaction. This happens when the bonds are broken in the reactants and the system release energy.

Answer:

a. forming bonds

Explanation:

The energy required to break a bond is endothermic that is energy is absorbed to break a bond.

The energy is released in the formation of a bond that is energy is released when a bond is formed.

The formula to find the ∆H of the reaction is  

∆H (reaction) = ∆H (bonds Broken) - ∆H (bonds formed)

For example  

[tex]N_2+3H_2< >2NH_3[/tex]

[tex]N_2[/tex] contains one N≡N triple bond (Bond breaking 946 KJ per mol)

[tex]H_2[/tex] contains a single H-H bond (bond breaking 436 KJ per mol)

[tex]NH_3[/tex] contains 3, N - H single bonds(389 KJ per mol)

So ∆H (bonds broken) = 946 + (3 × 436) = 2254KJ

∆H (Bonds formed ) = (2 × 3 × 389) = 2334KJ

So

∆H (reaction) = 2254 KJ - 2334 KJ

= - 80KJ and the reaction is Exothermic

In this example we see energy required to break the bond is lesser than energy released in forming the bond.

Answer:

An increase in the distance between the objects causes a greater change in the gravitational force than the same increase in mass.

F= G^m1m2/r^2

G is universal constant m₁ and m₂ are the masses and r is the distance between them

the gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of masses and indirectly proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Focus on the top part if you do not understand. That is the correct answer

Answer:

An increase in the distance between the objects causes a greater change in the gravitational force than the same increase in mass.

Explanation:

if              1 g is equal to 100 cg

then  0.55 g are equal to X cg

X = (0.55 × 100 ) / 1 = 55 cg

The density of the object is 55 cg/L.

Answer : The density in cg/L is, 55000 cg/L

Explanation :

Density : It is defined as the mass of a substance contained per unit volume.

The conversion used from gram to centigram is:

1 gram = 100 centigram

The conversion used from milliliter to liter is:

1 mL = 0.001 L

So,

1 g/mL = [tex]\frac{100}{0.001}cg/L=100000cg/L[/tex]

As we are given the density 0.55 g/mL. Now we have to determine the density in cg/L.

As, 1 g/mL = 100000 cg/L

So, 0.55 g/mL = [tex]\frac{0.55g/mL}{1g/mL}\times 100000cg/L=55000cg/L[/tex]

Therefore, the density in cg/L is, 55000 cg/L

Metallic crystals are malleable and ductile due to their unique metallic bonding structure. The free electrons allow metal atoms to move under force without breaking the lattice structure, giving metals their characteristic malleability and ductility.

Metallic crystals, such as copper, aluminum, and iron, are malleable and ductile due to their unique bonding structure, known as metallic bonding. In this structure, metal atoms are closely packed in a lattice pattern. The valence electrons in these atoms are not strongly attracted to their atomic nuclei and hence, act as free electrons. This 'sea' of free electrons allows metal atoms to move and slide past each other under applied force without breaking the lattice structure, thus giving the metal its malleable and ductile properties.  

This malleability and ductility are characteristic properties of metals due to this lattice structure and free electron behavior. The free electrons not only give metals their characteristic electrical conductivity but also the ability to undergo deformation without breaking, which is manifested as malleability (ability to be hammered into thin sheets) and ductility (ability to be drawn into wires).

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Answer:  The equilibrium concentration of H2O(g) is 12.52  x [tex]10^{-3}[/tex]

Explanation:   The given equilibrium reaction is -

[tex]C_{2}H_{4}(g) + H_{2}O(g) \rightleftharpoons  C_{2}H_{5}OH(g)[/tex]

Equilibrium constant is the ratio of concentration of the products to the reactants.

Mathematically, it can be written as-

 Kc =  [tex][C_{2}H_{5}OH(g)][/tex]  /  [tex][C_{2}H_{4}][/tex]   [tex] [H_{2}O][/tex]  

Given values are -

Kc = 9.0 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex]

[tex][C_{2}H_{5}OH(g)][/tex] = 1.69M

[tex][C_{2}H_{4}][/tex] = 0.015M

Susbtituting these values in the equation we get

9.0 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] = 1.69M / 0.015M [tex] [H_{2}O][/tex]  

[tex] [H_{2}O][/tex]   = 1.69M / 0.015M x  9.0 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex]

[tex] [H_{2}O][/tex]  = 12.52  x [tex]10^{-3}[/tex]

Answer:

Explanation:

When a chemical reaction happens, the net change of enthalpy of the products and the reactants is the heat of reaction:

Then, when ∑ ΔHproducts > ∑ ΔA reactants, ΔH rxn > 0 and heat is released. This is what is called an exothermic reaction.

In an exothermic reaction, heat is released, ΔH > 0, and the surroundings will get hotter.

In and endothermic reaction heat is absorved, ΔH < 0, and the surroundings will get cooler.

Answer : The correct option is, (D) 89.39 KJ/mole

Explanation :

First we have to calculate the moles of HCl and NaOH.

[tex]\text{Moles of HCl}=\text{Concentration of HCl}\times \text{Volume of solution}=2.6mole/L\times 0.137L=0.3562mole[/tex]

[tex]\text{Moles of NaOH}=\text{Concentration of NaOH}\times \text{Volume of solution}=2.6mole/L\times 0.137L=0.3562mole[/tex]

The balanced chemical reaction will be,

[tex]HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O[/tex]

From the balanced reaction we conclude that,

As, 1 mole of HCl neutralizes by 1 mole of NaOH

So, 0.3562 mole of HCl neutralizes by 0.3562 mole of NaOH

Thus, the number of neutralized moles = 0.3562 mole

Now we have to calculate the mass of water.

As we know that the density of water is 1 g/ml. So, the mass of water will be:

The volume of water = [tex]137ml+137ml=274ml[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mass of water}=\text{Density of water}\times \text{Volume of water}=1g/ml\times 274ml=274g[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the heat absorbed during the reaction.

[tex]q=m\times c\times (T_{final}-T_{initial})[/tex]

where,

q = heat absorbed = ?

[tex]c[/tex] = specific heat of water = [tex]4.18J/g^oC[/tex]

m = mass of water = 274 g

[tex]T_{final}[/tex] = final temperature of water = 325.8 K

[tex]T_{initial}[/tex] = initial temperature of metal = 298 K

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex]q=274g\times 4.18J/g^oC\times (325.8-298)K[/tex]

[tex]q=31839.896J=31.84KJ[/tex]

Thus, the heat released during the neutralization = -31.84 KJ

Now we have to calculate the enthalpy of neutralization.

[tex]\Delta H=\frac{q}{n}[/tex]

where,

[tex]\Delta H[/tex] = enthalpy of neutralization = ?

q = heat released = -31.84 KJ

n = number of moles used in neutralization = 0.3562 mole

[tex]\Delta H=\frac{-31.84KJ}{0.3562mole}=-89.39KJ/mole[/tex]

The negative sign indicate the heat released during the reaction.

Therefore, the enthalpy of neutralization is, 89.39 KJ/mole

The enthalpy of neutralization for the reaction of HCl and NaOH, given the provided conditions, is calculated to be 89.39 kJ/mol. The heat absorbed by the reaction solution is computed using the specific heat capacity, the mass of the solution (equivalent to its volume due to the density of water), and the temperature change.

To calculate the enthalpy of neutralization of HCl and NaOH, we first need to determine the heat produced during the reaction. The reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is:

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)

We know the following:

First, we calculate the amount of heat (q) absorbed:

q = mass of solution × c × ΔT

Since the density of the solution is the same as water, we use the volume as mass (assuming 1 g/cm³ density), so:

mass = volume of HCl + volume of NaOH = 137 g + 137 g = 274 g

q = 274 g × 4.18 J/g·K × 27.8 K = 31822.32 J

Since the reaction involves equal volumes and concentrations of HCl and NaOH, the number of moles of HCl reacting will be the same as the number of moles of NaOH:

moles HCl = moles NaOH = volume × concentration = 0.137 dm³ × 2.6 mol/dm³ = 0.3562 mol

The enthalpy of neutralization (ΔH_neut) is the heat divided by the number of moles of either HCl or NaOH:

ΔH_neut = q / moles = 31822.32 J / 0.3562 mol = 89384.67 J/mol = 89.39 kJ/mol

Therefore, the enthalpy of neutralization of HCl and NaOH is 89.39 kJ/mol, which is option D.

Answer:

Explanation:

1) Balanced chemical equation (given):

2) Mole ratio:

3) Starting ratio (given)

Since 0.69 > 0.67 means that you start with more Al atoms (4.5 moles) than what are needed to react with the given CuCl units (6.5 mol); i.e. when the 6.5 moles of CuCl are consumed, there will be an excess of Al, and the reaction will stop, because the CuCl is over, meaning the latter is the limiting reactant (it limits the yield).

Answer : The value of [tex]\Delta E[/tex] of the reaction is, 479.958 KJ/mole

Explanation :

The relation between the internal energy and enthalpy of reaction is:

[tex]\Delta E=\Delta H-\Delta n_g\times RT[/tex]

where,

[tex]\Delta E[/tex] = internal energy of the reaction = ?

[tex]\Delta H[/tex] = enthalpy of the reaction = 483.6 KJ/mole = 483600 J/mole

From the balanced reaction we conclude that,

[tex]\Delta n_g[/tex] = change in the moles of the reaction = Moles of product - Moles of reactant = 3 - 2 = 1 mole

R = gas constant = 8.314 J/mole.K

T = temperature = [tex]165^oC=273+165=438K[/tex]

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex]\Delta E=483600J/mole-(1mole\times 8.314J/mole.K\times 438K)[/tex]

[tex]\Delta E=479958.468J/mole[/tex]

[tex]\Delta E=479.958KJ/mole[/tex]

Therefore, the value of [tex]\Delta E[/tex] of the reaction is, 479.958 KJ/mole

Final answer:

To calculate the change in internal energy for the given reaction, we can use the equation ∆U = q - P∆V, where q is the heat transferred and P∆V is the work done on or by the system. Given the enthalpy change for the reaction, we can calculate the heat transferred and therefore determine the change in internal energy.

Explanation:

The question asks for the change in internal energy (∆U) for the reaction 2H2O(g) → 2H2(g) + O2(g) at a pressure of 1.0 atm and a temperature of 165°C. To find ∆U, we need to use the equation ∆U = q - P∆V, where q is the heat transferred and P∆V is the work done on or by the system. Since the pressure is constant, P∆V is zero, so we only need to calculate the heat transferred, q.

Given that the enthalpy change (ΔH) for the reaction is 483.6 kJ/mol, we can use the equation q = nΔH, where n is the number of moles. Since 2.0 moles of H2O(g) are being converted, the heat transferred can be calculated as q = 2.0 mol × 483.6 kJ/mol = 967.2 kJ.

Therefore, the change in internal energy for this reaction, ∆U, is 967.2 kJ.

Answer:

d. Occurs when there is equilibrium between solute going into solution and solute coming out of solution.

Explanation:

This is the definition of a saturated solution.

It is also the reason why options a, b, and c are wrong.

Answer:

pH = 3.74

Explanation:

Given:

Initial volume of CH3COOH, V1 = 25.00 ml

Initial concentration of CH3COOH, M1 = 0.10 M

Initial volume of CH3COONa, V1 = 25.00 ml

Initial concentration of CH3COONa, M2 = 0.010 M

Ka (CH3COOH) = 1.8*10^-5

To determine:

pH of the solution

Calculation:

The given solution of CH3COOH/CH3COONa is in fact a buffer whose pH is given by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation where:

[tex]pH = pKa + log\frac{[A-]}{[HA]} ----(1)[/tex]

where A- = concentration of conjugate base = [CH3COONa]

HA = weak acid = [CH3COOH]

Step 1: Calculate the final concentration of CH3COONa

V1 = 25.00 ml

V(final) = Total volume = 25.00 + 25.00 = 50.00 ml

M1 = 0.010 M

[tex]M1V1 = M2V2\\\\M2 = \frac{M1V1}{V2} = \frac{0.010 M * 25.00 ml}{50.00ml} =0.005M[/tex]

Step 2: Calculate the final concentration of CH3COOH

V1 = 25.00 ml

V(final) = Total volume = 25.00 + 25.00 = 50.00 ml

M1 = 0.10 M

[tex]M1V1 = M2V2\\\\M2 = \frac{M1V1}{V2} = \frac{0.10 M * 25.00 ml}{50.00ml} =0.05M[/tex]

Step 3: Calculate the pH

Based on equation (1)

[tex]pH = pKa + log\frac{[CH3COONa]}{[CH3COOH]} ----(1)[/tex]

pKa = -log Ka = -log(1.8*10^-5) = 4.74

[tex]pH = -logKa + log\frac{[CH3COONa]}{[CH3COOH]}[/tex]

[tex]pH = 4.74 + log\frac{[0.005]}{[0.05]} [/tex]

pH = 3.74

The addition of complexes to the solution changes the final concentration. The pH of the solution with the mixing of the two different solutions is 3.74.

The pH has been the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution. It can be given with the acid dissociation ability of the compound, or the ability of a compound to release hydrogen ions.

The addition of 25 ml solutions resulted in the final volume of 50 ml. The final concentration of the solutions is given as:

[tex]\rm Initial\;concentration\;\times\;Initial\;volume=Final\;concentration\;\times\;Final\;Volume[/tex]

The Final concentration of [tex]\rm CH_3COONa[/tex] salt is:

[tex]\rm 0.01\;M\;\times\;25\;mL=50\;mL\;\times\;[CH_3COONa]\\\\CH_3COONa=\dfrac{0.01\;M\;\times\;25\;mL}{50\;mL}\\\\ CH_3COONa=0.005\;M[/tex]

The final concentration of [tex]\rm CH_3COOH[/tex] acid is :

[tex]\rm 0.1\;M\;\times\;25\;mL=50\;mL\;\times\;[CH_3COOH]\\\\CH_3COOH=\dfrac{0.1\;M\;\times\;25\;mL}{50\;mL}\\\\ CH_3COOH=0.05\;M[/tex]

The pH of the solution is given as:

[tex]\rm pH=log\;Ka\;+\;log\;\dfrac{salt}{acid}[/tex]

Substituting the values in the equation:

[tex]\rm pH=-log\;1.08\;\times\;10^-^5\;+\;log\;\dfrac{0.005}{0.05} \\pH=4.74\;+\;(-1)\\pH=3.74[/tex]

The pH of the solution of sodium acetate and acetic acid is 3.74.

Learn more about the acid dissociation constant, here:

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Answer: The equilibrium concentration of [tex]PCl_5[/tex] is 1.285 M.

Explanation:

The chemical equation for the decomposition of phosphorus pentachloride follows:

[tex]PCl_5(g)\rightleftharpoons PCl_3(g)+Cl_2(g)[/tex]

The expression for equilibrium constant is given as:

[tex]K_c=\frac{[PCl_3][Cl_2]}{[PCl_5]}[/tex]

We are given:

[tex]K_c=0.042[/tex]

[tex][PCl_3]=0.18M[/tex]

[tex][Cl_2]=0.30M[/tex]

The concentration of solid substances are taken to be 1. Thus, they do not appear in the equilibrium constant expression.

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]0.042=\frac{0.18\times 0.30}{[PCl_5]}[/tex]

[tex][PCl_5]=1.285[/tex]

Hence, the equilibrium concentration of [tex]PCl_5[/tex] is 1.285 M.

The concentration of PCl5 is determined to be 1.29 M.

The student is asking about the concentration of PCl5 at equilibrium in the reaction PCl5(g) ⇌ PC13(g) + Cl2(g) given the equilibrium constant (K) and the concentrations of the products PCl3 and Cl2.

To solve for the concentration of PCl5, we use the equilibrium constant expression:

K = [PCl3][Cl2] / [PCl5]

Given that K = 0.042, [PCl3] = 0.18 M, and [Cl2] = 0.30 M, we can rearrange the expression to solve for [PCl5]:

[PCl5] = [PCl3][Cl2] / K

[PCl5] = (0.18 M * 0.30 M) / 0.042

After carrying out the calculation, the concentration of PCl5 at equilibrium is found to be 1.29 M.

Answer:

b. the rate of destruction is equal to the rate of carbonate input.

Explanation:

At the Calcite Compensation Depth(CCD) the rate of addition of calcite and dissolution of the mineral is the same. Below this depth, all calcite minerals are dissolved.

The CCD occurs at a depth of 3000-4000m. It varies from places to places within the ocean. Other factors play important roles in determining the CCD. Some of the factors are temperature and pressure.

Answer:

a. 211.7

Explanation:

Iron Pyrite reacts with Oxygen to produce Iron (II) Oxide and Sulphur (IV) Oxide.

The equation is as follows:

4FeS₂₍s₎ + 11O₂₍g₎ → 2Fe₂O₃₍s₎ + 8SO₂₍g₎

From the equation, 4 moles of FeS₂ produce 8 moles of SO₂.

Therefore the reaction ratio is 4:8 or 1:2

198.20 grams of FeS₂ into moles is calculated as follows:

Moles= Mass/RMM

RMM of FeS₂ is 119.9750g/mol.

Number of moles = 198.20/119.9750g/mol

=1.652 moles of FeS₂

The reaction ratio of FeS₂ to SO₂ produced is 1:2

Thus SO₂ produced = 1.652 moles×2/1=3.304 moles

The mass of SO₂ produced =Moles ×RMM

=3.304 moles ×64.0638 g/mol

=211.667 grams

=211.7g

Answer:

The amount of ionization in solution.

Explanation:

Strong acids ionize fully in solution to release a large number of hydrogen ions responsible for the acidic properties. On the contrary weak acids ionize partially in solution.

In strong acids less energy is required to break the hydrogen- anion bonds.

Answer:

the amount of ionization that occurs in solution

Explanation:

An acid is a substance that interacts with water to produce excess hydroxonium ions, H₃0⁺ in an aqueous solution.

The ionization of acids in solution determines the strength of the acid.

A strong acid is one that ionizes almost completely in solutions and a weak acid is one that ionizes slightly and sets up an equilibrium.

             HCl + H₂0 → H₃0⁺ + Cl⁻ this is the ionization of strong acid

            CH₃COOH + H₂O ⇄  H₃0⁺ + CH₃COO⁻ ionization of a weak acid

Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Activation energy or free energy of a transition state is defined as the  minimum amount of energy required to by reactant molecules to undergo a chemical reaction.

So, when activation energy is decreased then molecules with lesser amount of energy can also participate in the reaction. This leads to an increase in rate of reaction.  

Also, increase in temperature will help in increasing the rate of reaction.

Whereas at a given temperature, every molecule will have different energy because every molecule travels at different speed.

Hence, we can conclude that out of the given options false statement is that at a given temperature and time all molecules in a solution or a sample will have the same energy.

Answer:

I think it's the Zeroth law of thermodynamics.

Answer:

the second law of thermodynamics.

Explanation:

Answers:

A. Disrupts hydrogen bonding in proteins, linearizing the protein

B. Provides an overall negative charge on proteins, making the migration distance on gel a function of only protein size

Final answer:

SDS in gel electrophoresis A. linearizes proteins into a rod-like shape and coats them with a uniform negative charge, allowing separation by molecular weight when an electric current is applied.

Explanation:

The sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in gel electrophoresis serves primarily two functions:

SDS binds to proteins roughly in proportion to the number of amino acids, which correlates with the protein's mass. Thus, SDS-PAGE allows for the separation of proteins primarily by their molecular weight once an electric current is applied. The molecular weight of the proteins is estimated by comparing their migration distance to that of known standards.

Answer:

Joules

Explanation:

The another ones are units of tempeture (B and D) and unit of electricity that relatione energy and charge. In chemistry the energy es measured in Joules, because the energy is  work done on an object when a force of one newton acts on that object in the direction of the force's motion through a distance of one metre. In other words, J=Nm

Answer:

Option A is true

Explanation:

When you are a scientist conducting an experiment on energy transfer .

The reaction in which you measure a large amount of heat energy transfer.

We have to find the units which you should record them in

Energy: It is defined as the capability of doing the work .

When current I is flowing in ampere A  V is potential in volt  v applied  in the experiment  and R be resistance  in ohm used in experiment for time t in seconds

Then, heat energy =[tex]VI[/tex]=A-volt=Joule

Heat energy=[tex]I^2Rt[/tex]

Heat energy=[tex]A^2ohm sec[/tex]=Joule

The S.I unit of heat energy is Joules.

Hence, option A is true.

Answer: 8 alpha particles

Explanation:-

Alpha decay : When a larger nuclei decays into smaller nuclei by releasing alpha particle. In this process, the mass number and atomic number is reduced by 4 and 2 units respectively.

General representation of alpha decay :

[tex]_Z^A\textrm{X}\rightarrow _{Z-2}^{A-4}Y+_2^4\alpha[/tex]

[tex]_{92}^{238}\textrm{U}\rightarrow _{82}^{26}\textrm{Pb}+_2^4\textrm{He}[/tex]

As the mass should remain same after the decay, we can use:

238=206+(4x)

Solving for x, we get:

x= 8.

Thus 8 alpha particles are emitted in the series of radioactive decay events from a U-238 nucleus to a Pb-206 nucleus.

To be able to compare the result with other experiments it has to be reported in moles.

number of moles = mass / molecular weight

number of moles of Mg(H₂PO₄)₂ = 600 / 218 = 2.75 moles

Answer: 2.75 moles of magnesium dihydrogen phosphate

Explanation:   We have been given 600 gm of Mg(H2PO4)2 .

The molecular mass of Mg(H2PO4)2 is 218 gm.

As it is given that the answer should be in moles so that it can become comparable with other experiments, thus number of moles can be calculated by dividing the given mass by molecular mass of the given salt.

number of moles (n) = given mass(m) / molecular mass of the salt (M)

n= 600 gm  / 218 gm = 2.75

Thus 2.75 moles of magnesium dihydrogen phosphate(Mg(H2PO4)2) will be recorded.

Using Hess's law, the enthalpy change for the reaction can be calculated by manipulating and adding together the enthalpy changes of the given reactions to match the sought reaction.

The enthalpy change for the reaction: 2 C(graphite) + 3H₂(g) → C₂H₆(g) can be calculated using Hess's law. According to

, the enthalpy change for a reaction is equivalent to the sum of the enthalpy changes for each step that makes up that reaction.

Looking at the given equations, we can manipulate them to establish a path to our desired equation. We can reverse the first equation and multiply it by 2, keep the second equation as it is and also multiply it by 3, and then reverse and divide the third equation by 2. Once these are added together, they should form our sought reaction. The overall enthalpy change for the reaction is then found by summing the enthalpy changes of each of these steps multiplied by their corresponding coefficients.

This approach utilizes the fact that enthalpy is a state function, meaning it only depends on the initial and final states of the system, not the path taken.

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The enthalpy change for the reaction 2 C(graphite) + 3H2(g) → C2H6(g) can be calculated using Hess's Law and the given enthalpy changes for other reactions. The reaction is broken down into steps and the total enthalpy change is the sum of the changes for each step. The calculated enthalpy change for the reaction is -941.8 kJ/mol.

To calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction 2 C(graphite) + 3H2(g) → C2H6(g), we use the values given for three known reactions and apply Hess's Law, which states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes for each step in the reaction process, regardless of the number of steps.

First, reverse the equation C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g)ΔH o rxn = −393.5 kJ/mol and multiply it by 2 to get 2C(graphite) + 2O2(g) → 2CO2(g), ΔH = 2*(-393.5) kJ/mol = -787 kJ/mol.

Second, multiply the equation H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) → H2O(l)ΔH o rxn = −285.8 kJ/mol by 6 to get 6H2(g) + 3 O2(g) → 6H2O(l), ΔH = 6*(-285.8) kJ/mol = -1714.8 kJ/mol.

Finally, add the values obtained to the equation for the formation of ethane, 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)ΔH o rxn = −3119.6 kJ/mol, but reverse it to get C2H6(g) → 2C(graphite) + 3H2(g), ΔH = -(-3119.6/2) kJ/mol = 1560 kJ/mol.

The total enthalpy change for the reaction is then found by adding these values together: (-787) + (-1714.8) + 1560 = -941.8 kJ/mol. Thus, the enthalpy change for the reaction 2 C(graphite) + 3H2(g) → C2H6(g) is -941.8 kJ/mol.

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