Plz help oh and one of the questions is what percent of energy does an individual get from the individual it eats

The Complement System is a group of proteins in the blood that attack pathogens that enter the body and kill them.

The complement system is a part of the immune system that enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogen's cell membrane.

The complement system, composed of over 20 proteins in the blood, helps destroy pathogens by creating membrane holes and assisting antibodies. These proteins are usually inactive until they encounter pathogens, triggering a cascade of defensive actions. This system plays a vital role in the body's immune response.

The Complement System

The complement system is a complex biochemical mechanism in the blood composed of more than two dozen proteins, primarily synthesized in the liver. These proteins usually circulate as non-functional precursors until they are activated by pathogens. Their main functions include creating holes in the membranes of pathogens and assisting antibodies, which are part of the adaptive immune response.

When activated, these proteins bind to the surface of pathogens, especially those already marked by antibodies, and initiate a cascade of highly regulated events where each protein activates the next in sequence. This results in the pathogen being rapidly coated by complement proteins, leading to its destruction.

Incomplete question --

The _______ system is a group of proteins in the blood that attack pathogens that enter the body and kill them.The system is a group of proteins in the blood that attack pathogens that enter the body and kill them.

The final height of the plant would be around 35 centimeters.

The plants belonging to the same species generally exhibit similar type of growth pattern. In the graph provided, the plant used for the experiment exhibit a height of 35 centimeters when it is exposed to 16 hour day light. So, another plant belonging to the same species would also represent the same stats and if exposed to 16 hour daylight, it would grow around 35 centimeters.

A particular single-celled organism uses radiant energy to fix carbon as sugars. This organism generates ATP by breaking down sugars through a process that uses oxygen. This organism is classified as -  aerobic autotrophs. Autotrophs produce their own food from the substances available in their surroundings using light through photosynthesis or chemo-synthesis.

Answer:

A particular single celled organism that uses radiant energy means that it is autotrophic in nature.

The autotrophs are the organisms that uses sunlight (radiant energy) to perform the process of photosynthesis to fix carbon in the form of sugars.

They generate ATP by breaking down the sugar using oxygen, which means they perform cellular respiration.

This makes the organism aerobic autotroph.

undergo processing by metabolism.

verb

gerund or present participle: metabolizing

(of a body or organ) process (a substance) by metabolism.

(of a substance) undergo processing by metabolism.

"the refined foods soon metabolize"

Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

Pulmonary Veins: Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

Inferior Vena Cava: Carries deoxygenated blood from inferior body to heart

Coronary Arteries: Carries oxygenated blood to heart tissues

Answer:

Pulmonary artery conducts deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.  

Aorta mediates oxygen-enriched blood away from the heart.  

Inferior vena cava conducts deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.  

Coronary artery branches from the aorta and offers oxygen to the muscles of the heart.  

Explanation:

Pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood from the heart, it is also the specific artery found in the circulation system, which transports deoxygenated blood. When the blood goes inside the lungs it picks up oxygen and goes back to the heart with the help of a pulmonary vein.  

The aorta refers to the biggest artery found in the human body. When the blood is pumped upwards through the left ventricle, then it goes via the aorta and then gets distributed to the other body parts.  

The inferior vena cava transports deoxygenated blood from the lower limbs of the body, on the other hand, the superior vena cava transports blood from the upper limbs and head of the body.  

The heart gets its blood supply through the coronary artery. There are two prime coronary arteries, the right and the left coronary artery that gets separated even further into small arteries.  

Electrons.................................................

Electrons are the negatively charged subatomic particles. Protons are the positively charged particles, and neutrons have no/neutral charge. Hope I helped! :)

Hmm... it is most likely B. But I'm not 100% sure.

Answer:

D. all of these

Answer:

A small finger line projections find in the small intestine is called as villi. The main function of villi and microvilli is to increase the surface area of the intestine. It also contains specialized cells that work to transport substances in the bloodstream. They increase the absorptive surface area to 30 to 600 fold.

Folds and villi are specialized structures found in the small intestine of the digestive system, and their main function is to increase the surface area available for absorption of nutrients from digested food.

These structures significantly enhance the efficiency of nutrient absorption in the digestive tract.

Folds (or plicae circulares): Folds are large, permanent, transverse ridges or folds in the inner lining of the small intestine. They are circular or spiral in shape and run perpendicular to the length of the intestine. Folds serve to slow down the movement of food and increase the contact time between the intestinal lining and the chyme (partially digested food). This allows for more thorough digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Villi: Villi are finger-like projections that cover the inner surface of the small intestine. They are much smaller than folds and are present in large numbers. Each villus is lined with specialized cells, including absorptive cells (enterocytes) and goblet cells. Villi contain an extensive network of blood vessels and a lymphatic vessel called a lacteal. The villi significantly increase the surface area of the small intestine. Their main function is to further facilitate the absorption of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and various vitamins and minerals.

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Natural selection, in which the fittest organisms are the most capable to survive and reproduce.

Answer:

The correct answer is natural selection.

Explanation:

The differential survival and reproduction of the individuals because of the variations in the phenotype are known as the natural selection. It is an essential mechanism of evolution, that is, the modification in the heritable traits feature of a population over generations. The term natural selection was given by Charles Darwin in oppose to artificial selection, which is on the basis of his opinion is intentional, while natural selection is not.

Light reactions happens in the thylakoid membrane, and the calvin cycle happens in the stroma. What happens to water molecules in the light reactions? It's broken apart and the electrons go to photosystem II. ... Then they pump H+ into the thylakoids, and are used to make ATP out of ADP.

In the light reactions of photosynthesis, water molecules are split releasing electrons, oxygen, and hydrogen ions. The electrons replace those lost by chlorophyll molecules that have been excited by light energy. The process contributes to the production of ATP and NADPH, and the creation of a proton gradient necessary for ATP synthesis.

During light reactions in photosynthesis, which occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts, water molecules (H₂O) are split to release electrons, oxygen (O₂), and hydrogen ions (2H+). Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll molecules excites an electron, causing it to leave the chlorophyll and be transferred to a primary electron acceptor. The lost electron in the chlorophyll molecule is then replaced by an electron from the split water molecule. This process is crucial for the production of the energy-carrying molecules ATP and NADPH, which are further used in the light-independent reactions or the Calvin Cycle.

Additionally, the splitting of water molecules contributes to the formation of a hydrogen ion gradient across the thylakoid membrane. This is important for the process of chemiosmosis, wherein ATP is generated.

Lastly, the byproduct of this process, oxygen, is released into the environment, which is vital for the survival of aerobic organisms, including humans.

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Answer: Gases in the atmosphere absorb heat

Earth’s surface radiates energy back into the atmosphere.

Gases in the atmosphere radiate heat back to the surface.

Explanation:

The greenhouse effect is a natural process in this the light energy from sun is trapped by the diatomic gases like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and others. The abundance of these gases due to human activities like burning of fossil fuels and deforestation is responsible for raising the global temperature levels. Also the earth surface radiates back the incident light energy from sun back to the atmosphere. The gases accumulates in the atmosphere also radiate back to the surface of earth raising the temperature of biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere affecting the life of living beings.

A scientist uses materials in her lab to cut a DNA sample into fragments.  via process called transformation

Answer:

The material used in the lab to separate DNA fragments is agarose gel electrophoresis.

Explanation:

The cutting of DNA by restriction endonuclease results is fragments of DNA. These fragments can can be separated by a technique called gel electrophoresis. Since DNA molecules are negatively charged they can be separated by a forcing them to move towards the positive electrode anode under an electric field through a medium or matrix. The most commonly used matrix is agarose which is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds. The DNA fragment separate according to their size through the sieving action of agarose gel. Smaller fragments moves fast compared to the larger fragments. Once the DNA fragments are separated they are observed under the UV light by staining them with ethidium bromide.

Answer:

dominant alleles are expressed as I. so in your punnet square it would look like this: Ii, II, ii, Ii.  

Explanation:

so only one will have the dominant alleles, which will be the bottom left corner one.

many large or deep bruises, randomly bleeding

Final answer:

Individuals with hemophilia appear like anyone else and show no distinguishing physical characteristics. The disorder affects the blood's ability to clot, with the most common forms linked to the X chromosome, making it more prevalent in males.

Explanation:

People with hemophilia look like any other person and do not have any distinct physical features that indicate the presence of the disorder. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that impacts the blood clotting process, causing individuals to bleed excessively from even minor injuries. In hemophilia A, there is an inadequate synthesis of clotting factor VIII, whereas hemophilia B is characterized by a deficiency of clotting factor IX. Both disorders are X-linked, meaning they are more common in males who inherit one mutated X chromosome. Females need two mutated X chromosomes to express the disease, making it rarer in females. Hemophilia C, a less common form, involves a deficiency of factor XI and is not sex-linked.

Regular treatment for individuals with hemophilia includes infusions of clotting factors to prevent bleeding episodes. Advances in medical science, such as genetic therapy, hold promise for future treatments. Hemophilia affected historical figures, including the royal families of Europe, shedding light on the hereditary nature of the disease.

It prevents backflow of the blood

Blood enters from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve also called right atrioventricular valve. Ventricles are filled during diastole (relax) period and blood leaves the ventricle during systolic (when the ventricle contracts) period. During systole, this tricuspid valve closes and prevents the backward flow of blood into the right atrium. This causes all blood to move towards the pulmonary arteries.

The tricuspid valve closes when the ventricle is full, preventing backflow of blood due to increased pressure from the contracting ventricle. This action ensures the directionality of blood flow through the heart. In the second phase of ventricular diastole, the tricuspid and mitral valves open allowing the atria to refill the ventricles.

When the ventricle is full, the action of the tricuspid valve is to close. This closing action happens due to the contraction of the ventricle muscle that increases the pressure of blood within the ventricle chamber causing the blood to flow back towards the atrium. This backflow leads to the closure of the tricuspid valve in a process known as isovolumic or isovolumetric contraction.

The tricuspid valve, a one-way membranous flap of connective tissue between the atrium and the ventricle, functions to maintain unidirectional blood flow through the heart, specifically on the right side. As the pressure drops within the ventricles during the second phase of ventricular diastole (also known as late ventricular diastole), blood flows from the major veins into the relaxed atria and from there into the ventricles when the tricuspid and mitral valves open.

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where is the statement?

II. causing extra signals.... is the correct answer

This is a common problem in some hyperthyroidism disorders. Proteins that mimic TSH bind to receptors causing the thyroid to produce more T3 and T4.

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Answer:

Option II, Causing extra signals to be received by the cells with receptors at the time the drug is given

Explanation:

As the name signifies hormone mimics are the  artificial external hormones that mimic a natural hormone. These hormones being similar in look-alike interacts with the receptors before an original hormone could interact and thus send false signals thereby disrupting the cellular communication.  

Mimic hormones do not inhibit any function of endocrine system, they just take the benefit of their similar looks and thus interact with a receptor before an original hormone could do so.

Therefore, option II is correct

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts within plant cells. These organelles contain chlorophyll, absorbing sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

In biology, the process of photosynthesis, an essential part of a plant cell's energy production, primarily takes place in the chloroplast. Option A) Chloroplast is the correct answer to your question. Chloroplasts are specialized organelles within the plant cell structure which contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs sunlight and gives plants their green color. This energy from sunlight is then used in the process of photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a type of sugar that plants use as a source of energy.

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Answer:

The correct answer will be crossing over (genetic recombination) in sexual reproduction.

Explanation:

Reproduction in organisms takes place by two ways- sexual and asexual.

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes and is bi-parental while asexual reproduction is uni-parental so does not involve fusion of two gametes and produce "clones" which are exact copies of themselves.

The key feature which takes place in sexual reproduction is that gamete formed involve the genetic information from both parents so, offsprings inherit characters of both the parents and after fertilization exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes takes place through a process known as "crossing over" which takes place during prophase of meiosis I. This crossing over or genetic recombination results in formation of new combinations of alleles increasing genetic diversity.

Thus, crossing over (genetic recombination) in sexual reproduction is the correct answer.

Answer:

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make there own food in the presence of sunlight by utilizing carbon-dioxide and water and produce energy in the form of glucose.

The photosynthesis process takes place in two sequential stages called light dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.

The light dependent reaction takes place in the grana, in which light is directly trapped from sun and make energy stored in the form ATP and water molecule split into oxygen, hydrogen ions and free electrons. these free electrons further reduced to NADPH fromnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).

The light-independent reactions occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts, where ATP and NADPH, are utilised and produces carbohydrates from carbon dioxide.

Answer:

Mesoderm gives rise to muscles, bones, the heart, circulatory system, and internal sex organs .

Explanation:

The mesoderm is a germ layer that forms during gastrulation and is formed in between the ectoderm and endoderm.

The mesoderm gives rise to muscle, cartilage, bone, connective tissue, bone marrow, blood, lymphoid tissue, and to the epithelia of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, genital ducts, body cavities, ureters, sex organs, adrenal cortex, kidneys, and certain other tissues.

Thus, mesoderm gives rise to muscles, bones, the heart, circulatory system, and internal sex organs .

Final answer:

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior, exploring various areas such as learning, emotion, and social interactions through the scientific method. It is a young science rooted in the 19th century and provides critical thinking skills, along with preparation for careers in various fields that apply psychological principles.

Explanation:

Introduction to Psychology

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of mind and behavior. This field encompasses a wide range of topics, from the basic functions of the brain to the complexities of human behavior and interactions. Psychology as a science is relatively young, with its roots in the 19th century, and it offers insights into numerous aspects of the human condition, such as learning, memory, emotion, and social interaction.

Psychological research relies on the scientific method to explore theories and understand how the mind works. Through branches such as biopsychology, researchers can investigate the biological underpinnings of thought and emotion, whereas areas like industrial-organizational psychology apply psychological principles in business and organizational contexts.

As a college-level subject, students engaging with psychology will gain critical thinking skills, become familiar with the scientific method, and appreciate the multifaceted nature of human behavior. The objectives of a comprehensive psychology program include understanding various psychological concepts and preparing for a diverse set of careers involving psychological expertise.

Hey there!

Decomposition is a term used to describe the processes in which organic matter is degraded into smaller particles and nutrients. These nutrients are returned in the middle and can be reused by other Organisms. therefore, we can conclude that decomposers are fundamental organisms for the realization of the biogeochemical cycles, such as carbon and nitrogen, because they release these substances so that they can be reused.

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The meaning of decomposition = the breakdown of raw organic materials to a finished compost

Answer:

headwater

Explanation:

Ans.

The carrying capacity of a biological population in is defined as the maximum size of population or number of individuals of that species that can be sustained indefinitely by an environment, given the water, habitat, food and other resources.

Decrease in available resources lead to decrease in carrying capacity of an environment for a population. The rainforest's bee population is a limiting factor for orchid population, decrease in bee population will lead to decrease in orchid population.

Hence, the carrying capacity will decrease due to decrease in limiting factor as the number of orchids that can be sustained by the environment would decreases.

Thus, the correct answer is 'option). C.'

Answer:

C. The carrying capacity will decrease because the level of the limiting factor decreases.

Explanation:

The right option is; a. they must contain a nucleus  

Eukaryotes contain a nucleus while prokaryotes do not.

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cell contain a true nucleus and other membranous organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and rod shaped ribosomes that carryout out different functions in the cell.  Examples include plants and animals cells.

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelles.  Examples include bacteria and archae.

Eukaryotes, unlike prokaryotes, must contain a nucleus. Eukaryotes also have other membrane-bound organelles and can be either single-celled or multicellular organisms.

The statement that is true about eukaryotes but not prokaryotes is: a. 'they must contain a nucleus'. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike prokaryotes, which have no nucleus. Eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. Not all eukaryotes are multicellular, and they can be single-celled organisms as well.

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your correct answer would be A

The action of ATP is useful to the cell is stores chemical energy for the cell to use at a later time. The correct option is A.

A vital "energy molecule" present in all living things is adenosine 5′-triphosphate, also known as ATP and typically written without the 5′-. In particular, it is a coenzyme that transfers energy to cells by releasing its phosphate groups when it interacts with enzymes like ATP triphosphate.

When the cell needs energy, ATP can be taken out and used to fuel processes or stored for use in later ones. Animals use ATP to retain the energy released during meal digestion. ATP produces additional ATP whenever a muscle cell needs energy to contract. ADP is produced by the hydrolysis of ATP. The mitochondria get ATP once it has been phosphorylated.

Therefore, the correct option is A) stores chemical energy for the cell to use at a later time.

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A small object can have more mass than a larger object if it is made of more dense material. Size is not the sole determinant of mass; rather, the type of matter and its density determine an object's mass.

Yes, a small object can indeed have more mass than a larger object. The deciding factor here is the material of which the objects are made and its density, not necessarily their size. For example, a small object made of lead will have more mass than a larger object made of cotton. This is because lead is much denser than cotton and therefore, even a small volume of lead has a greater mass. Another example would be a 1 kilogram brick of gold vs a one-kilo box of feathers. Though the box of feathers is much larger, they both have the same mass because mass is a measure of the amount of matter an object has, while size is a measure of space an object occupies.

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