You coat a petri dish with fibronectin and proteoglycans and culture cells on the dish. the cells adhere to the dish. you repeat the experiment but this time add rgd tripeptides to the culture dish as the cells are added. what happens?
" The cells will show reduced adhesion to the culture dish when RGD tripeptides are added.
Fibronectin is a glycoprotein that is important for cell adhesion. It contains the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence, which is a key recognition site for cell surface integrins. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. When cells are cultured on a petri dish coated with fibronectin and proteoglycans, they adhere to the dish through the interaction of their integrins with the RGD sequences present in fibronectin.
When soluble RGD tripeptides are added to the culture dish, they act as competitive inhibitors. These free RGD peptides can bind to the integrins on the cell surface, effectively blocking the RGD sites on the fibronectin-coated dish. As a result, the cells have fewer opportunities to bind to the fibronectin via their integrins, leading to reduced adhesion.
In summary, the addition of RGD tripeptides to the culture dish will competitively inhibit the binding of cell integrins to the fibronectin-coated surface, resulting in decreased cell adhesion compared to the initial experiment without the added RGD peptides."
What factor is a characteristic of passive transport? It is an energy-rich process. It occurs without energy input. It requires ATP. It requires transport proteins
it occurs without energy input
In many places, large areas of land have been converted into heavily populated cities full of buildings and concrete. This process is called
A nurse admits a neonate with a maternal history of drug abuse to the nursery. the neonate's vital signs are axillary temperature 97° f (36.1° c), heart rate of 168 beats/minute, respiratory rate of 38 breaths/minute. the neonate is quiet and drowsy. the nurse should:
The answer is the nurse should check the neonate's blood glucose level. It is also Instruct the family to keep the infant in the mother's room until culture results are available. Rewarm the neonate gradually or Place the infant under a warmer and notify the registered nurse.
Listening for sounds within the body defines?
Listening for sounds within the body, known as auscultation, is commonly used in Biology to study internal sounds produced by organs. This technique involves using a stethoscope to listen for and diagnose medical conditions.
Explanation:Listening for sounds within the body is known as auscultation. This technique is commonly used in the field of Biology to study the sounds produced by organs and structures inside the body, such as the heart, lungs, and blood vessels.
Auscultation involves using a stethoscope to listen to these internal sounds. Healthcare professionals, such as doctors and nurses, use auscultation to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions.
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Statistical methods are classified into which two major categories
How can pesticide use be harmful to human agriculture?
a.
The loss of beneficial microfauna can reduce soil productivity.
b.
Pesticides eliminate harmful insect pests.
c.
Pesticides target the elimination of beneficial soil microflora.
d.
The use of pesticides kills all soil microflora and microfauna.
Which of these is not supported by the endosymbiosis theory concerning organelles? A) contain DNA. B) contain ribosomes. C) are capable of living independently. D) are surrounded by a double membrane.
The endosymbiosis theory is supported by all BUT one piece of modern-day evidence. That is both organelles are capable of living independently. Although both organelles contain RNA, DNA, and ribosomes, if extracted from eukaryotic cells, they are not capable of living independently.
The earth is estimated to be about 4.5 billion years old. Rocks and rock formations found throughout earth’s crust give scientists clues to the past. They assume that the processes that acted on the crust millions of years ago are the same processes that act on and within earth today. This is called the principle of uniformity or uniformitarianism.
The law of superposition helps us infer the age of rock layers, or strata. This law states that, if layers of rock are left undisturbed, the layers at the bottom are the oldest. The lower layers must be in place before younger layers can be deposited on top of them. Scientists infer the relative age of the layers as well as any fossils found within them. The law of superposition does have exceptions. Some processes within the earth cause younger layers to be moved below older. Folding, faulting, and intrusion can cause these exceptions. Regardless of position, any rock is always older than the process that changed it.
Geologist infer that the fossils number 3 and 5 are approximately the same age. This assumption of relative age is based on what information from the passage?
Answer:
It is based on the law of superposition to infer the age of rock layers and there by determining the age of fossils present in it.
Explanation:
From the passage, the law of superposition states that lower is the layer of rock, older is its age. We can determine the relative age of rock layers with the help of this law, if the the rock layers are not disturbed during the course of time.
Since fossils can be observed in these rock layers we can use the technique of relative dating to determine the relative age of fossils. In this method, we can reasonably say that the fossils found closer to the surface of earth are the more recent ones than the fossils found in the deeper layers of rock.
Fossils found in the same layer of rock can be supposed to be of same age. This relative dating method is useful to compare the ages of fossils but we cannot precisely find it.
Using what you have learned about the structure and function of neurons, work with you partner to outline the order of events that get your desired result(s). how does information from the outside world cause a response from your body?19. include the terms listed below in your flow chart. you may wish to add additional items to show multiple responses of the body. o motor neuronso sensory neuronso association neuronso an eyeo a cockroacho a leg or an armo the brain or central nervous system
explain why the sickle cell mutation is selected for in certain areas of the world
The retina of the eye bends light rays and focuses them. True or False?
True .sorry if wrong
Explain two ways that the heart can overcome excessive vagal stimulation
The heart can overcome excessive vagal stimulation primarily through sympathetic stimulation and response to stimuli such as blood loss. The sympathetic stimulation, driven by the cardioaccelerator regions, stimulates the release of certain compounds that increase the metabolic rate and contraction force of the heart. In response to stimuli like blood loss, the heart rate increases and blood pressure rises, offsetting the excessive vagal stimulation.
Explanation:The heart, when facing excessive vagal stimulation, can counterbalance it primarily in two ways, which are centralized in the cardiovascular centers of the medulla oblongata.
First, sympathetic stimulation can overcome excessive vagal stimulation. The cardioaccelerator regions within the cardiovascular centers drive this sympathetic stimulation via the cardioaccelerator nerves. This stimulation has a stimulatory effect on the heart: it triggers the release of norepinephrine (NE) at the neuromuscular junction from the cardiac nerves and also encourages the adrenal cortex to secrete epinephrine and NE. These compounds bind to alpha and beta receptors on the cardiac muscle cell membrane, increasing the metabolic rate and the force of contraction, thereby escalating the stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR).
Secondly, in response to stimuli such as blood loss, baroreceptors trigger the cardiovascular centers to stimulate sympathetic responses to increase cardiac output and vasoconstriction. This mechanism prompts the heart rate to increase and consequently increases blood pressure, managing to override the excessive vagal (parasympathetic) stimulation.
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Apply: suppose you wanted a protein that consists of the amino acid sequence methionine, asparagine, valine, and histidine. give an mrna sequence that would code for this protein.
A possible messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence capable of encoding this protein sequence would be AUGAAUGUUCAU.
During gene transcription, a gen nucleotide DNA sequence is used as a template to create a complementary mRNA nucleotide sequence, which is subsequently used to create a protein sequence by a process called translation.
During translation, triplets of nucleotides or codons in the mRNA sequence determine specific amino acids.
The genetic code is said to be 'redundant' because different codons can encode the same amino acid residue.
For example, Valine is an amino acid that can be encoded by four different codons (GUU, GUC, GUA and GUG).
In the example above:
The codon AUG (first codon) encodes methionine amino acids. The codon AAU (second codon) encodes asparagine amino acids. The codon GUU (third codon) encodes valine amino acids.The codon CAU (fourth codon) encodes histidine amino acids.Learn more in:
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How would you microscopically distinguish a eudicot stem from a monocot stem?
Answer:
Eudicot stems are characterized by presence of pith, vascular cambium and arrangement of vascular bundles in ring.
Explanation:
A eudicot stem is microscopically distinguish from a monocot stem on the basis of following features:
1. Monocots stems are characterized by presence of scattered vascular bundles while the eudicot stem have the vascular bundles arranged in ring.
2. Monocot stems do not have pith and vascular cambium which are present in eudicot stem.
Which statement describes the importance of the nitrogen cycle to living things check all that apply
Answers are: b) It help cells make protein ; c) It provides a form of usable nitrogen.
Nitrogen cycle is important for all living things as nitrogen is an important constituents of amino acids which makes protein, nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, ATP and other compounds which are essential for life. During Nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is fixed into ammonia by bacteria. Ammonia is converted into nitrite and then to nitrate. Nitrate is the most usable form of nitrogen by plants. Animals feed on plants to get nitrogen. After death of plants and animals, they decomposed by bacteria and nitrogen is cycled back to atmosphere.
Drinking too much water during exercise can cause a condition in which the concentration of sodium in the blood is lower than normal. What response do you expect to happen as the body tries to restore homeostasis?
Cells swell as water moves into them.
Cells swell as water moves out of them.
Cells shrivel as water moves out of them.
Cells shrivel as water moves into them.
The right answer is Cells shrivel as water moves out of them.
Water intoxication (hyperhydration) occurs when too much water consumption causes a decrease in the concentration of electrolytes in the blood, partly because the electrolytes are eliminated in excessive amounts, on the other hand by increasing blood volume without sufficient electrolytes. When the intercellular (extracellular) medium is too diluted relative to the intracellular medium, the osmotic pressure induced by this difference can cause the cells concerned to explode (the cell wall ruptures under pressure), in the first place the nerve cells, which causes disorders brain that can be severe or even fatal.
Answer:
C. Cells shrivel as water moves out of them.
Explanation:
It's right on edg
The nurse is caring for a client with suspected bacterial meningitis. what is a priority action for the nurse to initiate?
Of the following give choices;
Provide analgesia.
Give the Hib vaccine.
Practice airborne precautions.
Provide IV antibiotics.
The answer is Provide IV antibiotics. Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency since it could lead to death within hours or few days if not managed/treated. When IV antibiotics are given, in high doses (so they are able to pass the blood-brain barrier), the chances of deaths of the patient are reduced to 5% in all cases of bacterial meningitis.
Plants are photoautotrophs. what does this mean? plants are photoautotrophs. what does this mean? they generate oxygen. they are the primary consumers of the biosphere. they are attracted to light. they synthesize their own food from inorganic materials. they use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic materials.
Plants generate organic compounds from inorganic materials using light energy. The correct option is D.
Thus, plants are able to engage in photosynthesis. They transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a kind of organic molecule) and oxygen using light energy, often from the sun. Plants may create their own sustenance from inorganic materials thanks to a process carried out in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
The chemical processes that turn inorganic elements into organic molecules are propelled by the energy from sunshine, giving plants the nutrition and energy, they need to grow and develop. Because of this, plants are self-sufficient beings that can produce their own sustenance through photosynthesis.
Thus, the ideal selection is option D.
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A ___ emits light and a ___ reflects light.
a. planet, star
b. star, sun
c. moon, planet
d. star, planet
Final answer:
The correct answer is d. star, planet. A star emits light through nuclear fusion, while a planet reflects light from a star. When light from a star passes through interstellar gas or is reflected by dust, its spectrum shows absorption lines and intensity reductions.
Explanation:
A star emits light from its core due to nuclear fusion, while a planet reflects light from a star such as the Sun. Therefore, the correct answer to the fill-in-the-blank question 'A ___ emits light and a ___ reflects light' is d. star, planet.
When observing a star, if the light emission is unobstructed, an observer would see light directly from the star. However, if the light emission is obstructed by a cloud of hydrogen gas, the observations would differ in that some frequencies will be absorbed from the spectrum (option c), causing the observed light to have dark lines or bands where the gas has absorbed specific frequencies.
Discussing the spectrum of starlight reflected by dust compared to a star observed behind invisible interstellar gas, the spectra would show intensity reductions in light and possibly absorption lines due to the materials between the star and the observer.
The lensing effect of gravity on light, as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope, reveals that stars glow by nuclear fusion while planets, which do not have fusion, are typically seen by the light they reflect.
In a plant species, if the b allele (blue flowers) and the b allele (white flowers) are incompletely dominant (bb is light blue), what offspring ratio is expected in a cross between a blue-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant?
a. 3/4 blue:1/4 white
b. all light blue
c. 1/2 blue:1/2 white
d. 1/4 blue:1/2 light blue:1/4 white
e. 1/3 blue:1/3 light blue:1/3 white
The ratio of the offspring that is expected in a cross between a blue-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant is all light blue. The correct option is b.
What are alleles?An allele is a term used for two or alternate forms of genes. The allele is a type of variation in a gene. Gene is a unit of heredity. The different types of alleles are normal and wild type allele and abnormal and mutant alleles.
If the b allele (blue flowers) and the b allele (white flowers) are not fully dominant in a certain plant species (bb is light blue). When a blue-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant are crossed, an all-light blue progeny ratio is what is anticipated.
Therefore, the correct option is b. all light blue regarding the ratio of offspring of produce when a cross occurs between a blue and white-flowered plant.
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Why has our contemporary lifestyle, with many people spending hours sitting sedentary in front of televisions or computers, contributed to a significant rise in obesity?
a. because low muscle tone promotes insulin insensitivity
b. because blood glucose levels remain stagnant during inactivity
c. because humans use energy very efficiently, and less activity causes us to use less energy
d. because leptin is most effective when people are active?
The answer is C. Glucose, absorbed from food by our bodies, is saved as glycogen and fats when in excess and not being utilized. These reserves are stored to be used later during physical exercise. Living a sedentary lifestyle, therefore, causes the excessive accumulation of these storage reserves hence resulting in obesity.
When prescribing tacrolimus (protopic) to treat atopic dermatitis patients should be informed that:?
Which of the following is an example of maintaining homeostasis? Learning Jumping Shivering Smiling
Answer:
Option). shivering.
Explanation:
Homeostasis can be defined as maintaining the steady state of chemical and physical conditions by living organisms. Shivering is one way to achieve homeostasis as it maintains internal body temperature.
The average internal human body temperature is 98.6 F. A drop in body temperature is detected by nervous system that triggers muscle contraction to start shivering. Shivering increases body temperature by producing heat and restores homeostasis.
Thus, the correct answer is option). 'shivering.'
Which is the highest point in the sky that the Sun reaches on a given day? A. ecliptic B. solstice C. tropic D. zenith
Which brain study technique is not correctly matched with a limitation?
An air mass that formed over land is going to bring _______ weather.
Actually its dry weather.
An organic chemist is studying a sample of a macromolecule. The compound has carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in its structure. The physical properties of the compound show it behaving in a hydrophobic fashion. When placed in a calorimeter, it appears to have a high energy storage capacity. Which of the four types of biological macromolecules was the scientist most likely studying?
The organic chemist is most likely studying lipids. Lipids are hydrophobic and have a high energy storage capacity.
Explanation:The organic chemist is most likely studying lipids. Lipids are a type of biological macromolecule that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are hydrophobic, meaning they repel water, and they have a high energy storage capacity.
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The chemist is most likely studying b.lipids.
Lipids are known for their high energy storage capacity and hydrophobic nature, meaning they do not mix well with water. This is in contrast to carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids which are generally more hydrophilic. Examples of lipids include fats, oils, and phospholipids, all of which contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
complete question
An organic chemist is studying a sample of a macolecule. The compound has a carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in its structure. When placed in a calorimeter, the molecule appears to have a high energy storage capacity. The chemist also notes that the compound does not mix water. Which of the four types of biological macromolecules is the scientist MOST likely studying? A. Carbohydrates B lipids C nuclear acids or D proteins?
How are species introduced to new ecosystems? Check all that apply. carried in on cargo crates transported in or on ships result from mutations in other organisms hidden inside produce or meat carried on clothing or in luggage intentionally introduced by humans coevolution of two species
Answer: 1- Carried on cargo crates
2- Transported in or on ship
4- Hidden inside produce or meat
5- Carried on clothing or in luggage
6- Intentionally introduced by humans
Explanation:
A species introduce into the new ecosystem is the non-native species. This species will affect the life cycle of the native species both positively or negatively. Positively: The new species may be more productive and compatible for mating with the native species.
Negativity: The new species may interfere with the life cycle of native species. Such species may compete for resources with the native species.
The species may be transferred to the new ecosystem by carried on cargo crates, transported in or on ship, hidden inside produce or meat, carried on clothing or in luggage, and intentionally introduce by humans for their own benefit and use.
which environmental changes occur fastest.volcanic eruption. pond succession. decomposition of a tree. regrowth of forest after volcanic eruption