Question 12 (1 point) Over the course of the year, the Sun's declination ... A) decreases B) increases and decreases C) increases D) stays the same

Answer:

The plate tectonic theory is considered to be a unifying theory. According to this theory, the earth's crust is made up of numerous small and large pieces of lithospheric plates. These lithospheric plates are of 2 types, namely the continental crust and the oceanic crust. These plates continuously flows over the less dense layer of the asthenosphere due to the convection current that generates in the mantle. This current initiates because of the heat radiated from the interior of the earth. The main mechanism for the plate motion was determined later and this theory proved the continental drift theory that was not able to explain the main mechanism for the drifting of the plates.

This theory describes how the plates on earth were once all together and how they were separated with time, causing various changes and formed various types of landforms, shaping the earth's surface.

Answer:

Option (2)

Explanation:

The earth's interior is divided into 3 parts which includes the crust, core and the mantle. The core of the earth represents the extreme interior part of the earth which is covered by the mantle. The density of the core is the highest and is approximately 13 g/cm³, Whereas, the density of the mantle (including both the upper and lower mantle) is relatively less and is about 4.5 g/cm³ on an average.

The asthenosphere is the layer in which the rocks are solid but they tends to flow during deformation. This layer is present in the apex portion of the upper mantle and it has a density of nearly 3.3g/cm³.

The continental and the oceanic crust represents the outermost portion of the earth. The rocks of oceanic crust are denser than the rocks of continental crust. The density of the oceanic crust is nearly 3 g/cm³ and continental crust is 2.7g/cm³.

Thus, the continental crust is the less dense, compared to the other layers of the earth.

Hence, the correct answer is option (2).

Among the options provided- asthenosphere, continental crust, core, mantle and oceanic crust, the continental crust is the least dense. It has density roughly around 3 g/cm³ which is lesser than others.

Based on the information provided about the various earth layers, the continental crust is the least dense. The continental crust covers 45% of Earth's surface, and has a variable density roughly averaging around 3 g/cm³. This is less than the density of other layers such as the mantle, which has a density that increases from about 3.5 g/cm³ to more than 5 g/cm³ due to compression of overlying material. Similarly, the core, comprised of dense metals like iron and nickel, is denser than the continental crust. Finally, the asthenosphere, which is a part of the upper mantle beneath the lithospheric plate, has similar densities to the rest of the mantle, making it denser than the continental crust as well.

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Answer:

1- Option (C)

2- TRUE

3- FALSE

Explanation:

Joints are the type of fracture that splits the rock into two parts thereby the blocks move away from one another. They are formed due to the tensional force. Whereas, the fault, in simple terms is defined as the cracks or fractures present in the crust of the earth. They are formed by both tensional as well as compressional forces. They differ from one another in terms of displacement. In a fault, the relative displacement between the blocks is more than in the case of joints.

According to the law of cross-cutting relationships, geological features such as faults, igneous intrusions, that cuts across the sedimentary layers on earth are younger than those sedimentary rocks.

A neutron is a neutral particle as it does not carry any kind of electric charge. So, the addition or elimination of neutron from the nucleus does not affect the electric charge of the nucleus. But it can cause changes in the mass within the nucleus. Isotopes originate due to the addition or removal of neutrons from a nucleus.

Hence, the correct answers are given above.

Answer:

The sedimentary rocks are those that are formed due to the compaction and lithification of sediments. Some of the examples are shale, mudstone, sandstone and limestone.  

This sedimentary rocks are divided into 2 principle types. They are as follows-

(1) Clastic sedimentary rocks- This type of rocks are formed when the rock particles are weathered physically from the terrestrial rocks (source area) and are transported from one place to another by means of wind, water and ice. These rocks are named depending on the size of the sediment particles. Conglomerates and sandstone are examples of clastic sedimentary rocks.

(2) Chemical (Carbonate) sedimentary rocks- This type of sedimentary rocks are formed due to the precipitation of certain minerals from water. Due to this precipitation, the water releases the dissolved minerals. Some of them are also comprised of carbonate minerals that precipitates when reacts with water. In addition to that, some fragments of marine fossils are also found to be accumulated in this type of rocks. For example, rock salt, halite, dolomite, chert and limestone.

Answer:

Answered

Explanation:

X- rays , gamma or microwave are all electromagnetic waves. All the electromagnetic waves have different wavelength and frequencies.

X-ray and gamma rays are short wavelength whereas radio and micro waves have long wavelength. for short wavelength waves astronomers use optical telescope and for long wavelength waves radio telescopes are used.

The flux from a star that is 8.50 times hotter than our Sun is approximately 73.02 times greater.

The flux from a star that is 8.50 times hotter than our Sun is approximately 73.02 times greater.

In astronomy, the flux from a star is related to its temperature and luminosity. The luminosity of a star is determined by its surface area and energy flux, which is the power emitted per square meter. Since the temperature is nearly the same for both stars, the ratio of their luminosities will be equal to the ratio of their surface areas. Using the formula for surface area of a sphere, we can calculate how many times greater the flux from the hotter star is compared to our Sun.

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The flux from a star that is 8.50 times hotter than our Sun is 8.50 times greater.

The flux from a star that is 8.50 times hotter than our Sun is 8.50 times greater. The flux from a star, which is 8.50 times hotter than our Sun, is 8.50 times greater due to Stefan-Boltzmann's law. This law states that the energy radiated by a blackbody (like a star) is directly proportional to the fourth power of its temperature.

As a result, when the star is 8.50 times hotter, its temperature is raised to the fourth power, leading to a significant increase in flux. This demonstrates the pivotal role temperature plays in determining a star's luminosity. Such insights are essential in astrophysics for understanding the energy output and characteristics of different celestial objects.

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The correct answer is A. urban, rural, urban

Explanation:

In general terms, the temperature is related by multiple factors that include the altitude, latitude, weather, among others. Besides this, it has been found the temperature of the same geographical zone can vary depending on whether the zone is urban or rural. In this way, rural zones can be 1° to 3° grades hotter (even up to 7° grades) that urban zones, this can be explained as in urban zones surfaces are covered by roads, buildings or similar instead of trees, grass or lakes, and these type of artificial structures tend to absorb heat but not reflected which refers to the albedo. Thus, urban environments tend to be warmer than rural because urban surfaces have a low albedo.

Answer:

The correct answer is A. urban, rural, urban

Explanation:

In general terms, the temperature is related by multiple factors that include the altitude, latitude, weather, among others. Besides this, it has been found the temperature of the same geographical zone can vary depending on whether the zone is urban or rural. In this way, rural zones can be 1° to 3° grades hotter (even up to 7° grades) that urban zones, this can be explained as in urban zones surfaces are covered by roads, buildings or similar instead of trees, grass or lakes, and these type of artificial structures tend to absorb heat but not reflected which refers to the albedo. Thus, urban environments tend to be warmer than rural because urban surfaces have a low albedo.

Explanation:

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The symbolic nature of culture:

b-Can create considerable misunderstanding between people from different cultures.

Symbols can be a  basis representation of different culture and it can be in the form of an object, word, color,sign,gesture or action. People can get considerable misunderstanding by different cultural symbolism because many symbols, though similar in appearance, can mean drastically different things.

1.Pointing with Thumb

Malaysia - Respectful

In Other culture- Meaningless

2.Calling with index finger

United States -Respectful

In Other culture -Offensive.

3.Thumb up

Iran-Obscene

in Others cultures- Goodluck

By these examples we conclude that symbols Can create considerable misunderstanding between people from different cultures.

Answer:

A mineral has certain characteristics that helps in distinguishing from one mineral to another. There are various properties that enables to identify these mineral. Three of the mineral properties for mineral identification are as follows-

(1) Color- It is one of the primary property. Minerals appears to be in different colors and these colors forms under different conditions. These colors ranges from dark to light colored. For example, the color of olivine is olive green in color.

(2) Luster- It is the property that describes how light is reflected from the crystal's surface. DIfferent minerals have different lusters. Lusters are of various types such as metallic, non metallic, dull, pearly and earthy luster. For example, pyrite has a metallic type of luster.

(3) Hardness- It is defined as the mineral's resistance to breaking. The hardness varies from mineral to mineral. According to the Mohr's hardness scale, the hardness of minerals ranges from 1 to 10. For example, diamond has a hardness of 10.

Answer:

Various advantages and disadvantages are given as under

Explanation:

Pros:

Cons:

Answer:

Option (1)

Explanation:

The atmosphere plays an important role in controlling the earth's climate. This atmosphere is comprised of different layers. They are as follows-

(a) Troposphere- This layer extends up to a height of about 10 km from the ground surface. In this layer, the temperature and altitude are inversely proportional to one another. This decrease in the temperature with increasing height is known as the Lapse rate and is 6.5 degree C/km.

(b) Stratosphere- This layer is present above the troposphere. It extends from about 10 to 50 km above the surface. Here, the temperature increases with height. It is because of the presence of ozone in this layer that warms the layer.

(c) Mesosphere- This layer is above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. It extends vertically from about 50 to 80 km above the ground surface. The temperature again decreases with height in this layer.

(d) Thermosphere- This layer forms the outermost layer. Here, the temperature and height are directly proportional to each other.

Thus, the temperature decreases with altitude in the layers, namely the troposphere and the mesosphere.

Hence, the correct answer is option (1).

Answer and Explanation:

Some of the major factors for the environmental issues in mexico are:

1. Contamination of the environmental resources and the degradation of the level of oxygen as a result of the cutting down of forests and natural habitats loss.

2. Chemical contamination because of deceptive release of the material leaving the industrial facilities and exploitative dumping.

3. Increment in the population growth resulting from migration of people from other counties, lower Infant Mortality rates, better life expectancy of the residents as a result of good nutritional intake.

All these factors results in the increase in the basic needs of the people thus requiring more land and hence clearing of trees and land area.

Mexico should build the quantity of biosphere reserves and should center ecotourism for protection of its tendency.  

Answer:

"Doldrums" also called as he Horse latitude.

Explanation:

Answer and Explanation:

As an issue of equity of individual and nation legal. Everyone is similarly from this point of view created nations or industrialized nations which have just utilized such an extensive amount petroleum product and contribute parcel to carbon discharges and environmental change ought to need to quit utilizing those oil diesel coal and so on stuffs, rather then less created nations who haven't get an opportunity to utilize them and now individuals of those nations could be profited around business sectors of these stuffs.

It's just a question of rich and poor nations so according to the matter of equity poor and undeveloped nations should likewise given possibility. Also, ought to be dealt with similarly.  

On other hand rich and create nations ought to be prohibited on utilizing these petroleum products according to natural concerns. Cash doesn't give a rich individual or nation ideal to decimate and hurt condition for claim benefits.  

Hence it's absolutely unfair for the industrialized country to anticipate that all countries, including the less created ones, confine there utilization of petroleum derivatives and along these lines take an interest in future detriments without acquiring the advantages of modest vitality rather the industrialized countries which have delighted in the past advantages, ought to acknowledge a large portion of things to come cost or quit utilizing them.

Determining the fairness of expecting all nations to restrict fossil fuels is complex, involving issues of economic development, environmental protection, and global responsibility. High-income nations have historically contributed more to greenhouse emissions and there is a debate whether they should bear more costs. Countries need to negotiate to balance development needs with environmental stewardship, addressing both ethical and practical considerations.

The question of whether it is fair for industrialized nations to expect all nations to restrict the use of fossil fuels and participate in environmental protection efforts without the same economic benefits that richer countries enjoyed during their development is complex. These issues touch upon notions of fairness, development, and global responsibility. Historically, high-income countries have been the primary contributors to greenhouse gas emissions through the burning of fossil fuels, leading to a debate about whether they should bear a greater burden in the transition to cleaner energy and support for low-income countries to aid in their development while protecting the environment.

Furthermore, this debate encompasses the realistic aspects of international negotiations and the global consumption of resources. The challenges in reaching an equitable agreement that takes into account the needs and responsibilities of different nations are significant. There is a moral argument that richer nations should assist poorer ones, as previously they profited from environmental degradation that now disproportionately affects those less developed countries. The need for a cohesive global strategy to effectively mitigate climate change and environmental degradation is critical.

Less developed nations point out that while they aspire to similar economic development, asking them to prioritize environmental concerns over urgent needs such as health care, education, and an adequate diet can be problematic. Thus, questions about distributional justice and the capacity of poorer nations to contribute to global environmental goals without hindering their own development remain salient and unresolved.

Answer:

d. The Indus river was completely within the boundaries of the Persian Empire, Alexander's conquests, and Mauryan Empire

Explanation:

The Indus river is located in what it is Pakistan these days. It is the only river that was completely within the boundaries of the Persian Empire which include parts of current Pakistan, Alexander's conquests which included territories from Macedonia until parts of India, and also Mauryan Empire that included parts of current Pakistan up to some parts of current Bangladesh. The river Ganes, Krishna and Brahmaputra were part of the Mauryan Empire however, they are not included in the Persian Empire or of Alexander's conquests.

Answer with explanation:

Since the density of the rocks at the surface of earth equals [tex]2-4gm/cm^{3}[/tex] which is much lesser than the average density of the earth equaling [tex]5.5gm/cm^{3}[/tex] thus we conclude the density of material closer is greater than [tex]5.5gm/cm^{3}[/tex].This can be mathematically shown as under:

[tex]\rho _{earth}=\frac{\rho _{surface}+\rho _{core}}{2}\\\\5.5gm/cm^{3}=\frac{(2-4)gm/cm^{3}+\rho _{core}}{2}\\\\\therefore \rho_{core}=[2\times 5.5-(2-4)]gm/cm^{3}\\\\\therefore \rho_{core}=(7-9)gm/cm^{3}[/tex]

Thus we conclude that the density of the matter closer to the center ranges between [tex]7-9gm/cm^{3}[/tex]

The density closer to the center of the Earth must be higher than the surface due to compression and the composition of concentric shells with increasing density.

The average density of the Earth is 5.5 g/cm³, while the density of rocks at the surface is typically 2-4 g/cm³. This tells us that the density must be higher closer to the center of the Earth.

The Earth is not uniform and is composed of concentric shells with different densities. The density increases as we move closer to the center. The inner core of the Earth is the densest part, with a density of nearly 14 g/cm³.

The increase in density closer to the center is due to compression caused by the weight of overlying material.

Answer:

Greenland Norse collapse

Explanation:

Answer:

Answered

Explanation:

Clouds move in opposite directions between the wind ,usually change direction with increasing height above the ground.

For example:- low-level clouds behind a cold frontal passage move to an area from the North East, whereas the winds aloft along with mid- and high-level clouds behind the front as still from the South West.

In the Northern Hemisphere,  when the wind change direction from the surface to aloft in a clockwise (counter-clockwise) direction it is called ‘veering’ (‘backing’).

 The veering (backing) vertical wind profile generates upward (downward) vertical motion warm (cold) air convection and dynamic instability.

When you travel θ degrees of longitud at a certain latitude, you are travelling along the arc of a circle. The radius R of that circle is decreases as you approach one of the poles: it is maximum at the equator, and zero at the pole.

The arc of circle is S =  R*θ. At 60 degrees latitud North, R is less than at the equator.

Answer and Explanation:

Native american don't have any melodic hypothesis to give data with respect to their melodic traditions.Their music is fundamentally vocal and non-instrumental this makes measure of data present in open circle even less.Also local american culture has been hurt and devastated by non-locals, as America was settled essentially from European and African pilgrims

So generally we rely upon records of European Scholars with respect to the history and culture of local Americans.These European researchers had distinctive taste of music, so records of these researchers are misshaped. That is the reason it is hard for the ethnomusicologists to examine the local american music.

Answer:

Option (4)

Explanation:

The ‘climate envelope model’ is defined as a part of a major dispersion model of species that uses the climate parameters in order to make a predictions of total space that a species occupies in an environment.

This models represents the areas of climate that are suitable for species (both plant and animals) to exist. The variables that are commonly used in the species distribution models are climate type, land cover area, topography of the area and some other variable that are related to the species distribution model.

Thus, it can be considered that this model describes the range that a species can inhabit.

Hence, the correct answer is option (4).

Answer:

Thermal

Explanation:

Answer:

thermal

Explanation:

Answer:

Sixty percent

Explanation:

Answer:

Option (5)

Explanation:

A very small or very large number can be written in short form with help of scientific notation, in the scientific notation, a number is written as the product of a whole number between 0 to 9 and exponent of 10.

If we shift the decimal towards the left of the numbers then the nth power of 10 increases, and when we shift the decimal to the right of the number then the nth power of 10 decreases.

Thus, the age of the universe is given to be 13,700,000,000.

So we can write this huge number using scientific notation as 1.37×10^10.

hence, the correct answer is option (5).

Answer:

A .Southern Hemisphere Low pressure

Explanation:

When considering centrifugal force, The southern Hemisphere Low pressure has sign coefficient of  1. The rotation of Earth causes the centrifugal acceleration. The magnitude of centrifugal force is given by mv^2r.  

Where m is mass of rotating body , v is the linear velocity and r is the radius of rotation.  The centrifugal force always works outside the center of the circular motion.

Answer:

Ganymede is the biggest and the most massive moon of the planet Jupiter. It has a metallic core. It moves in an orbital path around the planet Jupiter and orbits every 6-7 days. Half of the moon is comprised of silicate rocky materials and half of it is made up of water ice. Out of all the moons, Ganymede has the highest rock composition.

Europa is one of the moons of Jupiter. It is even smaller than the earth's natural satellite (moon). The core of this moon is made up of iron and nickel, along with some silicate materials but they are extremely in a lesser amount in comparison to the earth's core. Europa's surface is comprised of ice and water is present in a significant amount below the surface.

Answer:

[tex](a)\ 10^4\ mg/L[/tex]

[tex](b)\ 10^{10}\ mg/L[/tex]

Explanation:

(a) As given in question,

concentration of zinc in atmosphere = 10 g/L

By converting g to mg,

     1 g = 1000 mg

=>  10 g = 10 x 1000 mg

             [tex]=\ 10^4\ mg[/tex]

Hence, the concentration of zinc in the environment in mg/L is [tex]10^4\ mg/L.[/tex]

(a) As given in question,

concentration of zinc in atmosphere = 10 g/L

By converting g to nano gm,

    [tex]1\ g\ =\ 10^9\ nano\ gm[/tex]

[tex]=>\ 10\ g\ =\ 10\ \times\ 10^9\ nano\ gm[/tex]

             [tex]=\ 10^{10}\ nano\ gm[/tex]

Hence, the concentration of zinc in the environment in nano gm/L is [tex]10^{10}\ nano\ gm/L.[/tex]

Answer:

The dark energy is one of the primary composition of the universe, which is not visible and are mysterious. as a very little is known about this energy. This dark energy makes up nearly 68% of the universe. It is often considered as a property of space. The presence of dark energy can be detected as it affects the expansion of the universe. The universe started to form right after the big bang explosion and since then the space is expanding in all direction. With this, the dark energy present in the universe also is expanding at a considerably faster rate in association with the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. The measurements of the distance and their connection with the redshift provided an evidence that the universe has been expanding at a certain speed.

Answer:

Geology refers to the study of the earth's physical and chemical processes, how they occurs and what are its effects. It explains how the earth has formed over millions of years. It also describes the internal structure of the earth and the study of the rocks and its minerals. It is a vast subject that is related to physics, chemistry, and biology.

The basic concept of geology must be known to all because earth undergoes various changes with time. Some of the events that occur at different places on earth are earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes and so on and the conditions under which these processes occur must be known to all. It provides an idea of how to be away from such destructive processes.

Thus, geology is a very important subject and one must have basic knowledge about it.

Answer:

Option (4)

Explanation:

The radiation are defined as the energy that is liberated from atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or minute particles of matter. For example, the radiations that are emitted from the sun in the form of light.

This radiations are mainly of 3 types. This includes-

(a) Alpha Radiation- These are the short ranged particles and are very heavy. This radiations cannot penetrate the human skins but they can cause harmful diseases.

(b) Beta Radiation- These are also the short-ranged particles but they lighter. This radiations can penetrate the human skin upto the depth where the new skins are created.

(c) Gamma Radiation- These are highly dangerous and are penetrable to the human skin. This type of radiations are often used for the medical purposes.

Thus, the correct answer is option (4).

Answer:

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Explanation:

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